[Colloquium]Guido Garay: Astronomy in Chile--中国科学院国家天文台.pdf

Chile: Astronomy Capital of the World Guido Garay Universidad de Chile Centro de Astrofísica y Tecnologías Afines National Astronomical Observatories Beijing, September 6, 2023 ¿Why?  Chile has the most arid desert in the world: The Atacama Desert. Sky: blue and transparent Atmosphere: dry and stable Ideal conditions for astronomical observations.  The Government of Chile, in particular University of Chile, give to foreign institutions all the facilities to install observatories in its territory. By the end of this decade more than 50% of the world's astronomical observation capacity will be located and operational in Chilean territory. International Observatories: 1966 Cerro Tololo Inter-american Observatory 1969 La Silla Observatory (ESO) 1971 Las Campanas Observatory 1999 Paranal Observatory (ESO) 2002 Gemini Observatory Main telescopes ESO Very Large Telescope Can combine up to three telescopes to do interferometry. 4  8 m. telescopes in Paranal. Gemini South 8 m. telescope in Pachón. New Technology Telescope 2.2 m. telescope in La Silla. Magellan Telescope 2  6.5 m. telescopes in Las Campanas. Atacama Large Millimeter Array 66 antennas: 54 x 12m. 12 x 7m. Llano de Chajnantor Atacama Desert, 5100 m. The most powerful mm/sub-mm telescope in the world. Future telescopes Large Sinoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) • • • The largest digital camera in the world (3.2 Giga pixels) Will observe the whole southern sky every three days. Operations will start in 2024 8.4 m telescope at Cerro Pachón Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT)  10 times higher resolution than the Hubble Space Telescope.  Will start operations in 5 years. 24.5 m telescope at Cerro Las Campanas European Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT) • The largest telescope in the world • Will start operations in ~6 years 39 m telescope at Cerro Armazones Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) Gamma ray observatory at Cerro Paranal 99 telescopes Chilean astronomy In return for allowing institutions from foreign countries to install observatories in Chilean land, free of taxes, our Government requests the International Observatories to allocate 10% of the observing time, in all of their telescopes, for the use of astronomers in Chilean institutions. This has led to a rapid grow in astronomy during the last 30 years. 2000 2 Astronomy Departments 2023 23 Institutions with Astronomy groups U. de Chile U. Católica Professors 180 150 120 Postdoctoral fellows 170 90 101 60 75 30 26 0 120 52 90 2000 2009 2013 2015 2022 Graduate students 107 60 73 30 180 0 120 90 129 60 30 0 133 63 30 2000 2009 2013 2015 2022 44 8 256 150 108 2000 2009 2013 2015 2022 The main Chilean consortium for research and development of astronomy: CENTER FOR ASTROPHYSICS and ASSOCIATED TECHNOLOGIES A Center of Excellence supported by the Chilean National Agency for Research and Development (ANID). Creation date: March, 2008 Five Associated Institutions Universidad de Chile Universidad Católica Universidad de Concepción Universidad Andres Bello Universidad Diego Portales Mission 1. Research. Tackle fundamental problems in astrophysics making the best use of the available resources. 2. Education. Educate and train the new generations of chileans astrophysicists and engineers specializing in astronomical instrumentation. 3. Technology. Boost the development of high technology in Chile supporting initiatives of astronomical instrumentation between astronomers and engineers. 4. Collaboration. Encourage joint projects between astronomers from the different associated institutions. Create links with International Centers of Excellence. 5. Outreach. Carry out education and outreach activities for the whole Chilean society. Human resources 15 Principal Researchers 40 Associated Researchers 42 Postdoctoral fellows 132 Graduate students 68 Ph.D. 64 Magister Several associated researchers from newly born astronomy groups in the country: P.U.C. de Valparaíso. UTFSM Valparaíso.   U. de Tarapacá.  U. de Antofagasta. U. Católica del Norte.     U. de La Serena. UMCE. U. Adolfo Ibañez. CATA's influence extends widely across the country. Research Scientific Areas Cosmology and Galaxy formation Theoretical Astrophysics SMBHs and Energetic Phenomena Galaxies Exoplanets and Astrobiology Stars and Planets formation Local Universe  Research examples Black holes Protoplanetary disks Molecular jets Primordial galaxy  Achievements 379 3.591 refereed publications Publications per year 400 372 348 306 368 333 324 343 300 241 224 177 200 109 100 0 74 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 25098 148.700 citations Citations per year 25000 20343 20000 21277 16549 13846 15000 11730 10053 7678 10000 5548 3440 5000 200 812 1740 0 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Astronomical instrumentation Three laboratories: Millimeter Wave Laboratory Universidad de Chile Center for Astro-Engineering Universidad Catolica Center for Astronomical Instrumentation U. de Concepción Developments Design and construction of microwave lens for ALMA Receivers (Bands 1 & 2+3) ALMA Band 1 (35-50 GHz ) ALMA Band 2+3 (67-116 GHz) Full Receiver construction for the LLAMA Radio Telescope High resolution spectrographs (optical and IR bands) Drone-based polarization calibration source of millimeter waves. TARDYS TAO Atacama Cosmology Telescope PUCHEROS+ ESO 1.5 m Cerro Toco, 5600 m Atacama Desert MOONS ESO VLT Accurate polarized reference for CMB telescopes Technology transfer and link with industry Objective: put special efforts to develop technologies that can be transfered to areas outside astronomy, having impact on society and feasible of commercialization in Chile. Some Developments 1. RadioVision Applications:  Location of portable devices for cell-phone control. which maps the emission  Search and rescue operations. from cells and superimpose it over a video. 2.Telemetry of lixiviation piles and tailings In situ monitoring of variables. Applications:  Mining (lixiviation and tailings)  Geology (displacement of massifs)  Agriculture (crop sensing) 3. RFI-Adapt A digital adaptive filter for the mitigation of radio frequency interference (RFI). Possible applications in telecommunications and defense. Radio Telescope RFI Source Reference Antenna FAST 500m telescope The joint astronomical research between China and Chile China-Chile Joint Center for Astronomy International Research Center financed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Important result of the bilateral relationship between China and Chile for scientific and technological cooperation. Started its operation in Chile in October, 2013. MISSION  Promote scientific research and collaboration in astronomy between Chinese and Chilean astronomers.  Both comunities are undergoing a rapid development and their strenghts are complementary. Tackle together fundamental problems in astrophysics making use of the extraordinary infraestructure available in Chile.  Attract the young generations to astronomy providing them the opportunity of performing frontier research. Main actions  China-Chile Joint Research Projects Joint Research Fund created under an agreement between the NAOC and ANID-Chile. Objective: support programs of collaborative research between China and Chile in astronomy and astrophysics.  China-ANID postdoctoral fellowships Objective: strenghten the cooperation between China and Chile in astronomy through the inclusion of young researchers. The research is carried out in chilean institutions, with the possibility of continuing it in China.  China-Chile Scientific Meetings Objectives: Get together researchers from both countries allowing them to establish ties based in common scientific interests as well as to boost the interchange of people. The next meeting is going to be held in PuertoVaras, Chile Nov, 6 - 10, 2023 Opening the horizons of CATA to the rest of the world We are seeking for formal collaborations (agreements) with other Centers of Excelence and Universities across the world. Goal: Engage in activities for the development of astronomy and astronomical instrumentation for the mutual benefit of both partners.  Thesis student exchange program. Opportunity for Chinese students to engage in observational thesis using the astronomical facilities available in Chile. Opportunity for Chileans students to be involved in theoretical work and simulations using frontier computer facilities.  Fellowships for graduate students. CATA funds a significant number of fellowships for students entering the graduate programs of the 5 associated Universities.  Joint research projects. Undertake frontier research in collaborative form, making use of the best astronomical facilities in the world.  Joint Instrumentation developments. Build astronomical instrumentation for the largest telescopes in Chile and abroad. Current partners for technology transfer in instrumentation in China:  The Chinese Academy of Sciences South America Center for Astronomy.  Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST-CAS). SUMMARY Chile has the best skies for astronomical research. CATA wants to establish strong ties between the Chinese and Chilean astronomical communities. CHINA and CHILE united by the stars! Contact address: administracion@cata.cl Thanks