国际贸易统计2022.pdf

International Trade Statistics 2015 ld r o W 014 2 s t por x e TOTAL MERCHANDISE TOTAL COMMERCIAL SERVICES 18,494 4,940 US$ billion US$ billion Travel 1,240 FUELS & MINING PRODUCTS US$ billion AGRICULTURE Transport 3,783 1,765 955 US$ billion US$ billion US$ billion Food Other commercial services 1,486 US$ billion 12,250 2,585 US$ billion 160 US$ billion US$ billion Goods-related services MANUFACTURES Machinery and transport equipment Other semimanufactures 6,087 US$ billion 503 US$ billion 1,196 Chemicals 2,057 US$ billion Other manufactures US$ billion 1,623 US$ billion SPECIAL FOCUS: WORLD TRADE AND THE WTO: 1995–2014 Clothing About the WTO The World Trade Organization deals with the global rules of trade between nations. Its main function is to ensure that trade flows as smoothly, predictably and freely as possible. About this publication International Trade Statistics is produced by the World Trade Organization on an annual basis to provide a comprehensive overview of world trade. This year’s edition provides data up to the end of 2014, covering trade in merchandise and commercial services as well as trade in global value chains. For more information All data used in this report, as well as additional charts and tables not included, can be downloaded from the WTO web site at www.wto.org/statistics Where to find more online Where to find more in this document 2 3 5 8 9 10 11 12 World trade and the WTO: 1995–2014 Key developments 13 14 37 I. World trade developments 38 39 40 44 48 55 59 63 II. Merchandise trade 67 68 71 76 84 88 III. Trade in commercial services 123 124 125 126 130 132 134 IV. Trade in global value chains List of tables 1. Overview 147 148 149 Composition, definitions & methodology 153 IV TRADE IN GLOBAL VALUE CHAINS 1. Composition of regions and country groups 2. Definitions and methodology 3. Specific notes for selected economies 4. Statistical sources III TRADE IN COMMERCIAL SERVICES List of tables 1. Overview 2. Goods-related services 3. Transport 4. Travel 5. Other commercial services II MERCHANDISE TRADE List of tables 1. Overview 2. Agricultural products 3. Fuels and mining products 4. Manufactures I WORLD TRADE DEVELOPMENTS List of tables 1. Overview 2. Trade by region 3. Leading traders 4. Bilateral trade of leading traders 5. Regional trade agreements 6. Least-developed countries 7. Foreign affiliates trade in services WORLD TRADE AND THE WTO: 1995–2014 1. Acknowledgements 2. A message from the Director-General 3. Understanding international trade statistics 4.WTO members and observers Composition of geographical regions 5.Economies by size of merchandise trade 2014 Economies by size of trade in commercial services 2014 6. Abbreviations & symbols INTRODUCTION Introduction 154 158 165 165 APPENDIX (Tables found in www.wto.org/statistics) World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 1 Acknowledgements This publication has been prepared under the direction of Hubert Escaith, Chief Statistician and Andreas Maurer, Chief, International Trade Statistics Section. The coordination and supervision of table, chart and map production of the report was done by Ninez Piezas-Jerbi, with the assistance of Coleman Nee and Anna-Sophia Fuss. Statistical research, data compilation and the preparation of estimates were conducted by Barbara d’Andrea-Adrian, Alejandra Barajas Barbosa, Sanja Blazevic, Lori Chang, Christophe Degain, Florian Eberth, Aude Lanois, Antonella Liberatore, Ninez Piezas-Jerbi, and Ying Yan. Thanks are paid to the multilateral, national and private institutions for providing their statistics. The detailed statistical sources used in this report are presented in “Compositions, definitions and methodology”. The International Trade Statistics Section also wishes to thank colleagues from the Information and External Relations Division (IERD) and the Languages Documentation and Information Management Division (LDIMD) whose collaboration is vital in the production of this report. In particular, recognition is paid to Anthony Martin, Serge Marin-Pache, Steve Cooper, and to the French and Spanish translators for rendering the report in the WTO’s other official languages. Finally, we wish to thank the community of “International Trade Statistics” users for their suggestions and comments on previous editions. Their regular feedback allows us to better provide them with relevant statistical data. This publication is also available online at www.wto.org/stats For more information on the contents of this report, comments or suggestions for improvement may be sent by email to the International Trade Statistics Section (statistics@wto.org). 2 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 INTRODUCTION A message from the Director-General Roberto Azevêdo Robust statistics underpin every aspect of the World Trade Organization’s work. By providing detailed information on tariff structures, non-tariff measures, trade flows and economic growth our “As the global statisticians help to improve transparency economy has evolved, in trade policy and provide the analytical the coverage of WTO statistics has insights needed by policymakers. been considerably This publication is a very important broadened in a part of this effort. I want to thank number of areas.” everyone who has been involved in producing this comprehensive report. This year the WTO marks its 20th anniversary and, as in other areas, our statistical work has changed and developed since 1995. As the global economy has evolved, the coverage of WTO statistics has been considerably broadened in a number of areas. One such area is the services sector. Trade in services is identified with the General Agreement on Trade in Services. The approach of official statisticians for compiling statistics in services trade reflects these origins, going beyond simple cross-border transactions to measure ‘mode 3’ commerce as well (this is when services are provided by a service supplier from one country in the territory of another country). Accordingly, information on foreign affiliates is now available in this publication, and we would like to expand this work further in the future. Coverage has also been gradually broadened to include information on trade in services by origin and destination. Efforts are now under way to further develop trade in services statistics by mode of supply, as this would be helpful to support trade negotiations. Our work has also broadened to cover new concepts. Working with the OECD, we have introduced analysis of global value chains as part of official trade statistics. As a result, we are now able to complement existing analysis based on gross trade flows with analysis of trade in value added. This has revealed the huge importance of trade in intermediate inputs (both goods and services) in improving a country’s competitiveness. The interest in trade in value-added goes beyond trade specialists, as it reflects structural changes in the global economy and influences both the calculation of national accounts and the measure of socio-economic development. It has provided new insights into the relationship between trade growth and factors such as jobs and investment. National data providers have an important role to play here in improving input data. A growing number of countries and regions are working to do so and in March 2015 this work received the support of the United World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 3 Nations Statistical Commission. I think this underlines the potential impact that this new dimension of globalization has on national and regional development. The WTO has also been active in fostering statistical capacity building, in cooperation with other regional and international institutions. This is vital because of course the quality of our statistical work depends largely on accurate and comprehensive official data submitted by members. The WTO is now acting as the technical assistance focal point of the inter-agency task force on international trade statistics (comprising the UN, Eurostat, IMF, OECD, UNCTAD, UNWTO and the WTO) with the aim of improving the availability of trade in services statistics. Of course, compiling statistics is only part of the job. To provide transparency and increase understanding of trade trends, we must also make our statistics available and accessible to a wider audience. We have therefore been investing in new IT technologies and revamping our databases to make them more user-friendly for inter-disciplinary analysis. In addition, we are working on new research projects to develop composite trade indicators and properly quantify e-commerce. Looking ahead, we will be able to see further improvements in the WTO’s statistical work through streamlined publications, enhanced online accessibility and expanded coverage of data. In this way, I am confident that our statistical work will continue to go from strength to strength – and that it will continue to support all elements of the WTO’s objectives, just as it has for the last 20 years. 4 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 INTRODUCTION Understanding international trade statistics The ever-changing world of trade data Hubert Escaith, WTO Chief Statistician This year’s International Trade Statistics will be the last in its current format. For almost 20 years, the “Cooperation within publication has aimed to act as a the international statistical compendium of merchandise statistical community, trade, trade in commercial services, partly due to advances in information and more recently, trade in terms technology, has helped of value added to global value to improve data chains. On the occasion of the gathering and to lead 20th anniversary of the WTO, this to the availability of edition looks back at how trade has ever-more reliable and changed over the past 20 years. useful trade statistics.” The evolution of “International Trade Statistics” The GATT/WTO Secretariat has a long-standing tradition of providing statistics on world trade flows by country, region and products. From its creation in January 1948, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) published annual statistical reports. However, the design and compilation of these reports have seen many changes over the years. The beginning 1948-52 Between the GATT's foundation in January 1948 and 1952, three annual reports were published:   • “ The Attack on Trade Barriers” - published in September 1949, this was the first progress report on the operation of the GATT   • “Liberating World Trade” (published in June 1950)   • “GATT in Action” (published in February 1952). These reports contained statistical tables on merchandise trade, with pre-GATT data (going back to 1938) sourced from the League of Nations and the United Nations. More than 30 years of stability 1952 until 1985 The annual statistical reports published over this period broadly followed the same layout and coverage in terms of statistical content. 1952 The first edition of "GATT International Trade" depicted the trends in international merchandise trade and production by commodity, broken down by industrial and non-industrial countries, with separate data for the Eastern Trading Area. The publication included tables and charts, with a section on how the data was sourced. It also covered future prospects for trade. World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 5 1958 A special issue of “GATT International Trade” was submitted in 1958 to participants at the Thirteenth Session of the Contracting Parties held in Geneva. The publication was prepared by a panel of experts at the request of the trade ministers who had met at the Twelfth Session of the Contracting Parties in 1957. The aim was to examine trends in international trade and to look ahead to future prospects. The publication acted as a template for future editions of “GATT International Trade”. Introducing changes 1986 In 1986, “GATT International Trade” was given a “face lift”, with changes to the format of the publication and its cover. The most important change was the breakdown of data by seven regions (North America, Latin America, Western Europe, Eastern Europe and the USSR, Africa, the Middle East, and Asia) to replace the previous breakdown: industrial countries, developing countries, and the Eastern Trading Area. The new structure – with data broken down by region and sector – meant that the GATT data for previous years had to be adjusted and new methods used to estimate missing data. This led to some breaks in data continuity. 1988 The publication was renamed “International Trade Report” in 1988 and published in two volumes. Volume I was devoted to an analysis of developments in world trade and international commercial relations, including “trade trends in agriculture” (published in 1988) and “Services in the domestic and global economy” (published in 1989). Volume II contained the statistical tables and charts. 1994 Volume II was renamed “Statistics” in 1994 and “Trends and Statistics” in 1995. 1995-97 Following the creation of the WTO in 1995, the first volume of the “International Trade Report” featured a special topic each year – for example, “Trade and foreign direct investment” (published in 1996) and “Trade and competition policy” (published in 1997), while Volume II continued to contain the statistical tables and charts. 1998 Following the creation of the WTO's Statistics Division in 1998, Volume II was renamed “WTO, International Trade Statistics” in 1999 and published under the sole responsibility of the Statistics Division. 2007 “International Trade Statistics” was revamped in terms of content and design, introducing a more modern look. It also expanded the statistics made available on trade in services. 2011 The publication was redesigned, making greater use of infographics to illustrate the latest trends in world trade. A new section, "Understanding the ITS", was added to highlight changes to the presentation and coverage of the data and to provide insights into how the data was compiled. The impact of information technology Information technology has led to fundamental changes in how this statistical publication has been produced since 1986. Calculators and electric typewriters were the first electronic tools used by statisticians to produce huge statistical tables – known as the GATT Matrix. This approach was superseded by the statistical mainframe, which played a vital role in the production of statistics, before the first personal computers started to appear in the offices of statisticians. In the 1990s, these computers were progressively upgraded while client/ server applications phased out the mainframe. Spreadsheets and online databases were introduced to speed up data processing and handling of large data sets through more effective data collection, adjustment and verification. The development of these electronic tools has made an enormous contribution to the increase in data availability across the world and to more efficient data collection. It has also greatly facilitated validation work, bringing about greater transparency and more robust statistical procedures. The rapid development of the Internet and social media has given a further boost to the capturing of data and its presentation. National and international data providers now provide their data online, helping to improve the timeliness and quality of the trade data compiled by the WTO. Where to find more: Composition, Definitions and Methodology 6 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 INTRODUCTION The changing “faces” of the GATT/WTO’s statistical reports 1952            1957                 1966            1987 1998                  2007         2011 Looking ahead In 2016, this publication will be restructured. The new structure will give more prominence to the wider economic context in which trade takes place and will shed new light on both its long-term trends and its short-term evolution. The revised publication will provide users with a more comprehensive overview of global economic developments and the role played by international trade. World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 7 WTO members and observers WTO members (as of 15 August 2015)* Albania Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Bahrain, Kingdom of Bangladesh Barbados Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia, Plurinational State of Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cabo Verde Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d’Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Estonia European Union (formerly European Communities) Fiji Finland France Gabon The Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hong Kong, China Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kenya Korea, Republic of Kuwait, the State of Kyrgyz Republic Lao People’s Democratic Republic Latvia Lesotho Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macao, China Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Moldova, Republic of Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Norway Oman Pakistan Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland * The cut-off date for data compilation for this publication was 15 August 2015. 8 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 INTRODUCTION Composition of geographical regions WTO observers Portugal Qatar Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent & the Grenadines Samoa Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovak Republic Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Chinese Taipei Tajikistan Tanzania Thailand The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United States of America Uruguay Vanuatu Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe (as of 15 August 2015)* Afghanistan Algeria Andorra Azerbaijan Bahamas Belarus Bhutan Bosnia and Herzegovina Comoros Equatorial Guinea Ethiopia Holy See (Vatican) Iran Iraq Kazakhstan Lebanese Republic Liberia, Republic of Libya Sao Tomé and Principe Serbia Sudan Syrian Arab Republic Uzbekistan Note: Colours and boundaries do not imply any judgement on the part of the WTO as to the legal status or frontier of any territory. World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 9 Economies by size of merchandise trade, 2014 51% The top 10 traders in merchandise trade accounted for a little over half of the world’s total trade in 2014 41% Developing economies had a 41% share of world merchandise trade in 2014 US$ 18.0 tn Merchandise exports from WTO members totalled US$ 18.0 trillion in 2014 Where to find more: Table A6 and Table A7 10 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 51% The top 10 traders in world commercial services represented more than half of the world’s total trade in commercial services in 2014 World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 34% Developing economies accounted for 34% of total trade in commercial services in 2014 INTRODUCTION Economies by size of trade in commercial services, 2014 US$ 4.87 tn Exports of commercial services from WTO members totalled US$ 4.87 trillion in 2014 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 11 Abbreviations and symbols ACP ASEAN AFTA BOP BPM5 CACM CARICOM CEMAC CIS COMESA ECCAS ECOWAS EFTA EU EUROSTAT FAO FATS FDI GCC GDP GNP HS IEA IMF GTIS ISIC LDCs MERCOSUR NAFTA OECD SAARC SADC SAPTA SITC WAEMU UNECE UNECLAC UNCTAD UNIDO UNSD African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States Association of South-East Asian Nations ASEAN Free Trade Area Balance of Payments Balance of Payments Manual, fifth edition Central American Common Market Caribbean Common Market Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa Commonwealth of Independent States Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa Economic Community of Central African States Economic Community of West African States European Free Trade Association European Union Statistical Office of the European Communities Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Foreign Affiliates Statistics Foreign Direct Investment Gulf Co-operation Council Gross Domestic Product Gross National Product Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System International Energy Agency International Monetary Fund Global Trade Information Services Inc. International Standard Industrial Classification Least-developed countries Southern Common Market North American Free Trade Agreement Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation South African Development Community South Asian Preferential Trade Arrangement Standard International Trade Classification West African Economic and Monetary Union United Nations Economic Commission for Europe United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean United Nations Conference on Trade and Development United Nations Industrial Development Organization United Nations Statistics Division c.i.f. f.o.b. n.e.s. n.i.e. cost, insurance and freight free on board not elsewhere specified not included elsewhere The following symbols are used in this publication: ... not available or growth rates exceeding 500% 0 figure is zero or became zero due to rounding not applicable $ United States dollars Q1, Q2 1st quarter, 2nd quarter I break in comparability of data series. Data after the symbol do not form a consistent series with those from earlier years. Billion means one thousand million. Minor discrepancies between constituent figures and totals are due to rounding. Unless otherwise indicated, (i) all value figures are expressed in U.S. dollars; (ii) trade figures include the intra-trade of free trade areas, customs unions, geographical and other groups; (iii) merchandise trade figures are on a customs basis and (iv) merchandise exports are f.o.b. and merchandise imports are c.i.f. Data for the latest year are provisional. The statistical data in this publication are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant statistical authorities. The use of such data by the WTO is without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, or to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries. Closing date 15 August 2015 12 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 World trade and the WTO: 1995-2014 WORLD TRADE AND THE WTO: 1995-2014 Over the past 20 years, trade has been influenced by many factors, including advances in information technology, financial crises, growing membership of the WTO, natural disasters and geo-political tensions. These have led to volatility in commodity prices, changes to the leading traders and their trading partners, and the growing importance of services trade. Over this period, trade has been an important factor in helping to boost economic growth and to lift millions of people out of poverty. Looking ahead, the recently concluded Trade Facilitation Agreement and the conclusion of negotiations on expanding the Information Technology Agreement will help to create an environment that continues to encourage a positive trade performance in the years to come. Furthermore, new statistical approaches will provide further insights into trade flows by measuring trade in terms of the value added by individual countries in increasingly global production networks. Where to find more online: World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 you can access and downloadthe the data: Excel files Download for the tables via www.wto.org/statistics www.wto.org/statistics 13 Trade in goods and services has fluctuated significantly over the last 20 years • Up to the late 1990s, trade flows rose gradually. This was followed by a strong rise in the early 2000s and a sharp fall after the economic crisis in 2008. Recent years have seen a moderate recovery. • Trade experienced fairly strong growth from 1995 to 2001, followed by a boom from 2002 to 2008 accompanied by rising commodity prices. Following the financial crisis in 2008, trade fell steeply in 2009 before rebounding strongly in 2010 and 2011. However, trade growth since then has been unusually weak. World exports of commercial services • Various crises had an impact on trade from 1995 to 2001. These included Mexico’s 1995 US$ 1,179 billion 2005 US$ 2,516 billion 2014 US$ 4,872 billion monetary crisis (1995-2001), the Asian financial crisis of 1997, and the bursting of the dotcom bubble in 2001. The latter two factors resulted in negative growth for merchandise trade in 1998 and 2001. • China’s accession to the WTO in December 2001 paved the way for its economic rise and significantly contributed to increasing world trade from 2002 to 2008. Another noteworthy event in the early 2000s was the introduction of euro coins and notes in 2002. • Strong Chinese demand for natural resources contributed to rising prices for crude oil and other primary commodities between 2002 and 2008. • The 2008 financial crisis, triggered by the subprime lending crisis in the United States, led to a global recession between 2008 and 2011. The volume of world exports plunged 12 per cent in 2009 while world gross domestic product (GDP) dropped 2 per cent. World merchandise trade and trade in commercial services, 1995-2014 World merchandise exports 1995 US$ 5,168 billion 2005 US$ 10,509 billion 2014 US$ 19,002 billion 14 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 2009 • Debt crises and geo-political tensions intensified in 2014, causing world trade to slow to a crawl over the last few years. In value terms, world merchandise trade growth averaged just 1 per cent per year from 2012 to 2014.1 • International trade in commercial services has been less volatile than merchandise trade in the last 20 years, indicating the greater resilience of services to global macroeconomic upheaval. • Over the last two decades, world services trade has recorded negative annual growth only once (-9 per cent in 2009), in the wake of the global financial crisis. In 2010, services trade resumed its pre-crisis level and has continued to expand steadily despite sluggish economic growth. In current dollars, global exports of services increased by 5 per cent in 2014, compared with 0.5 per cent for goods. • Global services trade, as measured by balance-of-payments statistics, represents only about a fifth of total trade in goods and services combined. However, these international transactions do not cover services delivered via foreign affiliates. International trade in services is therefore considered to be larger than the totals indicated by balance-ofpayments figures. Foreign affiliates’ trade statistics (FATS) provide a broader picture of trade in services. -22% World merchandise exports WORLD TRADE AND THE WTO: 1995-2014 • Exports of goods rebounded in 2010, with a growth rate of 14 per cent in volume terms. However, the recovery was hampered by an increase in oil prices in 2010, partly as a consequence of political instability in oil-producing countries (the so-called Arab Spring). From 2011 onwards, the European debt crisis weighed heavily on world trade growth. The biggest drop in trade over the past 20 years (in value terms) -9% Commercial services exports 2010 and 2004 Highest recovery rates in trade in the last 20 years 14% World merchandise exports (in 2010) 22% World services exports (in 2004) 1 Due to the change in methodology of compiling balance of payments data in the Balance of Payments Manual Sixth Edition (BPM6), 2014 data in this section are based on an extrapolation of BPM5 figures and do not correspond to data elsewhere in this publication. World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 15 World trade and GDP tend to grow in tandem but trade experiences stronger fluctuations, particularly in declines • The last 20 years have confirmed that world gross domestic product (GDP) and world merchandise exports move in tandem but export growth is much more volatile than GDP growth. • From 1995 to 2000, world merchandise exports grew annually by an average of 7 per cent in volume terms, while world GDP grew by an average of 3 per cent. From 2000 to 2005, exports grew more significantly, with average growth of 5 per cent per year while the average annual GDP growth was 3 per cent. Trade and GDP • Between 2005 and 2010, world merchandise exports continued to grow faster than world GDP, despite the global crisis. Exports growth rates were 3 per cent during this period while GDP growth lagged behind at 2 per cent. In 2009, merchandise exports fell by 12 per cent and GDP by 2 per cent in response to the financial crisis. This was followed by a quick recovery in 2010, with merchandise exports growing by 14 per cent and GDP by 4 per cent. A divergence in 2001 • The sluggish post-crisis economic expansion (2.5 per cent rise in GDP per year on average from 2010 to 2014) was accompanied by mediocre trade developments, as World merchandise exports increased by only 3 per cent on average per year. exports: -0.5% Volume of world merchandise exports and gross domestic product, 1995-2014 World GDP: 2% A decline in 2009 World merchandise exports: -12.0% World GDP: -2% A recovery in 2010 World merchandise exports: 14.0% World GDP: 4% Parity in 2014 2.5% World merchandise exports World GDP Where to find more: Table I.2 16 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Despite the financial crisis, the share of world trade in GDP is much higher today than it was 20 years ago • The economic crisis seriously affected exports and imports in 2009. The share of trade in GDP fell 5 percentage points to 26 per cent in 2009 from 31 per cent in 2008. Much of this decline was attributed to a drop in the price of commodities. Despite a robust recovery in 2010-11, the ratio of trade to GDP in value terms remains below its 2008 peak. Ratio of trade in goods and commercial services to GDP, 1995-2014 22% to 24% Ratio of trade to GDP from the Asia crisis to the dotcom crisis 1997: 22% 2000: 24% WORLD TRADE AND THE WTO: 1995-2014 • The average share of exports and imports of goods and commercial services in world GDP increased significantly from 20 per cent in 1995 to 30 per cent in 2014 (in value terms). In other words, today’s GDP is highly influenced by international trade. 31% to 30% Ratio of trade to GDP from the financial crisis to high oil prices 2008: 31% 2009: 26% 2011: 30% 20% to 30% Note: Trade to GDP ratio is estimated as total trade of goods and commercial services under BPM5 (exports + imports, balance of payments basis) divided by GDP, which is measured in nominal terms and with market exchange rates. World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Ratio of trade to GDP over the past 20 years 1995: 20% 2014: 30% Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 17 The internationalization of production has led to increasingly global production networks or value chains • Between 1995 and 2011 (the latest year for which data are available), most developed and developing countries significantly increased their contributions to global value chains (GVCs), resulting in a geographically more diverse manufacturing base. Lower trade costs and improved communication technology have fostered this development. 49% • In 2011, nearly half (49 per cent) of world trade in goods and services took place within GVCs, up from 36 per cent in 1995. The tendency of countries to specialize in particular stages of a good’s production (known as vertical specialization), brought about by foreign direct investment, has created new trade opportunities, especially for small developing countries and eastern European economies. As a result, world trade in intermediate goods has grown with the rise of vertical specialization. • Some economies expanded their participation in GVCs between 1995 and 2011 by importing more foreign inputs to produce final goods and services. Hungary and Poland, In 2011, nearly for example, joined manufacturing production chains for chemicals, transport and half (49%) of world electrical equipment after joining the European Union. trade in goods • East Asian economies have increased significantly the share of imported components in their exports. Some of these economies, including China, the Republic of Korea and and services took Thailand, have benefited from investments in infrastructure and resources to become place within global the so-called Factory Asia. The most prominent example is Cambodia, a least-developed country which increased its vertical specialization by 24 per cent between 1995 and value chains 2011, demonstrating how quickly integration into regional supply chains can take place. • The highest growth in participation results from supplying the primary products required for industrial production. Examples are oil exporters such as Saudi Arabia, Brunei Darussalam, Russia or Norway, and agricultural and mineral exporters in South America. Participation in global value chains by selected economies, 1995-2011 18 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Contributions to global value chains by selected economies WORLD TRADE AND THE WTO: 1995-2014 World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 19 Computer services ranks as the most dynamic services export sector • From 1995 to 2014, world exports of computer and information services expanded much more rapidly than any other services sector, recording as much as 18 per cent growth on average annually. In 2014, world exports of computer and information services reached an estimated US$ 302 billion. 18% • Global trade in commercial services increased by 8 per cent on average annually over the last two decades, recording particularly strong double-digit growth from 2002 to 2008. Certain services categories, such as computer and information services, and financial services, have often outpaced the average upsurge. Some other sectors, such as construction, have experienced lower growth. • Emerging economies, in particular in Asia, have become increasingly important exporters of computer services. The region’s share in world exports rose from an estimated 8 per cent in 1995 to 29 per cent in 2014 as India’s and China’s exports multiplied. North America has lagged behind and its participation in world exports has dropped. However, Europe remains the largest exporter of computer and information services, accounting for 58 per cent of global exports in 2014. • Information technology was the most resilient services sector during the global economic crisis, due to constant demand for cost-efficient technologies, the development of innovative software especially in manufacturing, finance, insurance and healthcare, and the rising need to address IT security concerns. Average annual growth of world Growth of world exports of commercial services by main exports of computer sector, 1995-2014 and information services (1995-2014) 29% Asia’s share of computer and information services in 2014, up from 8% in 1995 Sources: WTO-UNCTAD-ITC estimates 20 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Transport is the backbone of merchandise trade • From 1995 to 2014, transport services grew on average slightly below total commercial services annual rates, especially before 2000. • Transport and finance were the sectors most affected by the global economic crisis. In 2009, world transport exports plunged by 22 per cent, reflecting a weaker demand for freight transport following the sharp decline of merchandise trade. In all leading exporters, transport receipts fell dramatically. In Asia, exports dropped by 28 per cent, in Europe by 21 per cent and in North America by 18 per cent. • The global transport sector started to recover in 2010, growing by 16 per cent. However, world exports did not exceed pre-crisis levels until 2013, totalling US$ 906 billion. World transport exports, 1995-2014 Decline in transport exports in 2009 WORLD TRADE AND THE WTO: 1995-2014 • From the early 2000s, expanding merchandise trade and international air passenger traffic are responsible for significant growth in the transport sector. In 2008, world transport exports reached US$ 891 billion. -22% World -28% Asia World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 21 Global exports of communications services are on the rise • Communications services have expanded by 8 per cent on average annually over the last 20 years, outpacing the total growth for the services sector and demonstrating more resilience to market turmoil than many other services categories. • Driven by rapid technological progress, the communications sector, in particular telecommunications, has recorded remarkable growth since 2000. World exports of communications services reached an estimated US$ 115 billion in 2014, recording 9 per cent annual growth on average since 2000 as the number of worldwide subscriptions to mobile phones has risen considerably. • Communications services coped relatively well with the global economic slowdown due to continuous demand for mobile phone services, especially in developing economies, and a robust demand for Internet services. Growth in the export of communications services has been sustained in all regions, peaking in the Commonwealth of Independent States and Europe, where annual growth has exceeded 12 per cent on average. •By the end of 2015, 97 out of 100 people will have a mobile phone subscription, according to estimates from the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), while 47 per cent of the world’s population will hold a mobile broadband subscription. It is estimated that over 40 per cent of the global population uses the Internet. World exports of communications services and global ICT indicators, 2000-2014 US$ 115 billion World exports of communications services in 2014 Source: WTO-UNCTAD-ITC estimates and International Telecommunication Union. 22 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Financial crises affect leading exporting regions • International trade in financial services has expanded significantly over the last 20 years as financial markets have become increasingly open and globalized. Financial services is the second-most dynamic services sector after computer and information services. • The financial crisis of 2008 affected all regions. Europe in particular saw its exports of financial services plummet by 17 per cent in 2009 while in Asia they declined by 11 per cent. In North America, growth in exports of financial services slowed down considerably to 2 per cent. • More turmoil affected the financial services sector in 2012. Financial instability in the euro area resulted in an additional contraction of Europe’s and North America’s exports of financial services (-5 per cent and -3 per cent respectively). At the global level, exports of financial services decreased by 3 per cent. In 2014, world exports bounced back to US$ 349 billion. World exports of financial services, 1995-2014 Decline in exports of financial services in 2009 WORLD TRADE AND THE WTO: 1995-2014 • Following swift growth from 2002 to 2007, global exports of financial services stagnated in 2008 and fell by 12 per cent in 2009 as the value of assets under management fell sharply and banks’ and other financial institutions’ commissions and fees declined worldwide. -12% World -17% Europe -11% Asia Source: WTO-UNCTAD-ITC estimates. World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Where to find more: Table A12 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 23 Exports of goods to developing regions have significantly increased while Europe remains the main destination • World merchandise exports (excluding significant re-exports from Hong Kong, China) have experienced strong growth over the last 20 years, climbing to US$ 18,494 billion in 2014, almost four times the value of US$ 5,018 billion recorded in 1995. • Europe has been the leading destination of exports over the past 20 years followed by Asia which has greatly increased its importance as a trading region. In 2014, world merchandise exports to Asia amounted to US$ 5,465 billion, almost a third of the total of world merchandise trade. • Developing economies have increased their participation in international trade over the last 20 years. The share of exports to developing economies increased from 26 per cent in 1995 to 39 per cent in 2014 while exports to developed economies dropped from 68 per cent in 1995 to 56 per cent in 2014. Destination of world merchandise exports by region, 1995-2014 Note: For 1995-1999, data for Western Europe and Central Eastern Europe/ CIS/Baltic States (CEECBS) was classified as Europe and CIS respectively. 24 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 China has become the world’s leading exporter t China overtook Japan as the leading Asian exporter in 2004, three years after its accession to the WTO. China surpassed the United States in 2007 and Germany in 2009 to become the world’s leading exporter. World’s top exporters, 1995-2014 US$ 1,284 bn Germany 2000 United States China 2500 500 United States US$ 8,072 bn Developing economies’ exports 2014 US$ 3,536 bn Developed economies’ exports 1995 China Germany Japan Germany 1000 United States US$ billion 1500 Developing economies’ exports 1995 WORLD TRADE AND THE WTO: 1995-2014 t The share of developing economies’ exports in world trade increased from 26 per cent in 1995 to 44 per cent in 2014 while the share of developed economies’ exports decreased from 70 per cent to 52 per cent. US$ 9,686 bn 0 1995 2004 2014 Developed economies’ exports 2014 Where to find more: Table A1 World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 25 European Union is the largest exporter among regional trade agreements • Among regional trade agreements (RTAs), the European Union has consistently been the leading exporter over the past 20 years, with exports of US$ 6,162 billion representing 33 per cent of world trade in 2014. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), covering Canada, Mexico and the United States, comes second with exports of US$ 2,493 billion accounting for 14 per cent of world trade in 2014. While increasing in value terms, the percentage shares of the EU and NAFTA in world merchandise exports have slightly decreased. • In 2014, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) shipped 7 per cent (US$ 1,295 billion) of world merchandise exports while the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries accounted for 6 per cent (US$ 1,025 billion), up from 2 per cent (US$ 105 billion) in 1995. • MERCOSUR (the Southern Common Market) and the Andean Community both increased their importance in world trade between 1995 and 2014, with shares in world exports rising from 1.4 per cent to 1.7 per cent and from 0.4 per cent to 0.7 per cent, respectively. • In Africa, the share of the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) in world merchandise exports has remained at the 1995 level of 0.5 per cent (US$ 96 billion) while the Southern African Development Community (SADC) increased its share from 0.9 per cent to 1.1 per cent in 2014 (US$ 205 billion). Share of RTAs’ exports in world merchandise exports, 1995-2014 Where to find more: Tables I.16 to I.19 26 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Intra-regional trade accounts for a significant proportion of exports for Europe, Asia and North America • In Europe, trade within the region has accounted for more than 70 per cent of the region’s total merchandise exports on average over the last 20 years. WORLD TRADE AND THE WTO: 1995-2014 • In Asia, over half of its total exports (52 per cent) were sold within Asia. North America’s share of intra-regional trade was slightly lower, with 50 per cent of its total exports being sold within the region. • For African countries, trade within Africa is on the rise, reaching 18 per cent of the region’s total exports in 2014 compared with only 10 per cent in 1995. • For the Middle East, trade within the region plays a minor role compared with its overall trade activity. In 2014, only US$ 113 billion of exports were sold within the region out of total exports of US$ 1,288 billion, representing 9 per cent of the total. Share of intra-regional exports in total exports, 1995-2014 Note: 1995-1999 data for Latin America, Western Europe, Central Eastern Europe and CIS and Baltic States (CEECBS) was classified as South and Central America and the Carribean, Europe and CIS respectively. World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 27 Merchandise trade between developing countries has increased steadily since 2000 • In 1995, the total value of world exports to developing countries was US$ 487 billion. By 2014, it had risen to US$ 4,198, nearly nine times as high. South-South trade (i.e. exports from developing economies to other developing economies) has increased steadily since 2000, reaching 52 per cent of developing countries’ total merchandise exports in 2014 compared with 38 per cent in 1995. • While South-South trade has gained in relative importance, exports from developing countries to developed countries have continued to increase in value terms even though their share of total exports has slipped from 59 per cent in 1995 to 43 per cent in 2014. • The so-called BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) economies have shown impressive growth, increasing their share in world exports from 8 per cent in 2000 to 19 per cent in 2014. The four Newly Industrialized Countries (NICs4, i.e. Hong Kong, China; Republic of Korea; Singapore; and Chinese Taipei) drove developing countries’ exports in the 1980s, representing 8 per cent of world exports in both 1995 and 2000. Their share in world exports has fallen since then, dropping to 7 per cent in 2014. • The share of least-developed countries (LDCs) in world exports increased from 0.5 per cent of total trade in 1995 to 1.1 per cent in 2014. Exports of LDCs 1995 US$ 24 bn Value of exports of BRICS, NICs4 and LDCs, 1995-2014 2005 US$ 82 bn 2014 US$ 207 bn Exports of BRICS 1995 US$ 336 bn 2005 US$ 1,276 bn 2014 US$ 3,478 bn Exports of NICs4 1995 US$ 386 bn 2005 US$ 733 bn 2014 US$ 1,312 bn Where to find more: Tables I.16 to I.19 28 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 World fuel exports increased more than any other product group between 1995 and 2014 WORLD TRADE AND THE WTO: 1995-2014 • With an average annual growth rate of 12 per cent between 1995 and 2014, world exports of fuels increased more in value terms than any other product group. Measured in current US dollars, fuel exports in 2014 were more than eight times higher than in 1995. Fuels grew from 7 per cent of world exports in 1995 to 17 per cent in 2014. However, this is partly due to an increase in energy prices, which were more than five times higher in 2014 than their 1995 level. • Pharmaceuticals recorded the second-highest average growth rates for exports (11 per cent) between 1995 and 2014 while ores and other minerals registered the third-highest (10 per cent). However, their combined value was less than one-third of the value of fuel exports. • Exports of non-pharmaceutical chemicals increased by 7 per cent annually between 1995 and 2014 while food exports grew by 6 per cent per year. Their combined value was approximately equal to the value of fuel exports in 2014. • Raw materials and textiles recorded the lowest average annual growth rates (4 per cent each) between 1995 and 2014. World merchandise exports by product group, 1995 and 2014 17% Fuels grew from 7% of world exports in 1995 to 17% in 2014 World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 29 Energy prices have increased more than any other commodity t Energy products recorded higher price increases than any other primary commodity between 1995 and 2014. Energy prices started to grow in 2000 before stabilizing for a few years. In 2003, they resumed their upward trend, attaining a peak in 2008. Following the economic crisis of 2008-09 and the resulting decline in demand, energy prices fell by 37 per cent. However, they were still more than three times higher than their 1995 level. A second peak was reached in 2012, when they were almost six times higher than their level in 1995. Since then, energy prices have declined. This decline was gradual at first but it turned sharply negative in 2014, with prices falling by 8 per cent compared with the preceding year as energy demand decreased. 2012 Energy prices peaked in 2012, falling sharply in 2014 t Minerals and non-ferrous metals recorded the second-highest price increases between 1995 and 2014. They followed a similar pattern to price developments in energy, albeit on a smaller scale. In 2014, prices of these products fell by 10 per cent compared with 2013 but remained more than twice as high as in 1995. t Prices for food and beverages started to accelerate in 2006 – six years after the first large price increase for commodities such as oil and minerals. Prices declined during the economic crisis but they were still higher in 2009 than in 2007. In 2014, food and beverage prices remained 1.6 times above their 1995 level (but down 2 per cent compared with 2013). t Average prices for non-food agricultural commodities and manufactured goods increased slowly during the 2000s before registering a decline in 2009, which almost returned the prices to their 2000 levels. In recent years, prices have been relatively stable, remaining at around 15 to 30 per cent above 1995 levels for agricultural raw materials and 15 to 20 per cent above these levels for manufactured products. The prices of raw materials increased by 2 per cent in 2014, while prices of manufactured products remained at their 2013 level. Export prices of primary commodities, 1995-2014 600 500 Indices, 1995=100 400 300 200 100 0 1995 1997 Energy 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 Minerals and non-ferrous metals (excluding crude petroleum) Memo item: Manufacture Unit Value 2009 2011 2013 Food and beverages Agricultural raw materials Source: WTO Secretariat and World Bank. 30 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 The advent of e-commerce has helped to reduce trade costs • New technology, improved Internet access, and electronic pay and delivery systems have created a new means of trade – e-commerce – which has helped to reduce trade costs. WORLD TRADE AND THE WTO: 1995-2014 • In 2013, business-to-business e-commerce was valued at about US$ 15 trillion and business-to-consumer e-commerce at more than US$ 1 trillion, with the latter growing faster in the last few years, according to estimates from the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). These figures cover both domestic and international transactions, with the latter being at a marginal albeit growing level. Small and medium-sized enterprises lag behind multinational enterprises in developing this kind of trade. • An indicator of increasing cross-border trade – partly resulting from e-commerce – is the volume of small parcels passing through Customs. Trade volume in this area increased by 48 per cent between 2011 and 2014 according to the Universal Postal Union. • The WTO established a work programme on e-commerce in 1998. This programme defines e-commerce as “the production, distribution, marketing, sale or delivery of goods and services by electronic means”. Merchandise trade statistics reflect e-commerce orders through the number of parcels crossing the border while statistics on trade in services record charges for downloaded products (for example, e-books) in their respective service categories. • Given the difficulties in encapsulating international e-commerce transactions, it is not possible to accurately measure the size of this market using official sources. Private sector estimates, however, indicate that the Asia-Pacific region was the largest e-commerce market in 2014 while the Middle East and Africa were the smallest markets. But there is huge potential for these regions if the technological means can be developed. E-commerce could also become an important source of job creation. World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 31 Travel exports of least-developed countries soar • Due to rising international tourist arrivals, the travel receipts of least-developed countries (LDCs) have grown by 11 per cent on average per year since 1995, reaching an estimated US$ 15 billion in 2014. • Travel exports are an important source of revenue for LDCs, representing 1.6 per cent of their GDP in 2014, up from 1.2 per cent in 1995. Travellers’ expenditure enters the tourism value chain in industries such as accommodation, food and beverages, transport, retail, recreation and cultural activities, creating employment opportunities especially in rural areas. Tourism revenue also fosters the development of other sectors such as agriculture (e.g. food supply to hotels and restaurants), construction, communications, utilities (e.g. supply of electricity and water to hotels), and event management. • International tourist arrivals to LDCs rose from 4 million in 1995 to 25 million in 2014 according to Secretariat estimates based on UN World Tourism Organization data. Regional tourism plays an important role, accounting for over two-thirds of international arrivals to LDCs. LDC travel exports and international tourist arrivals in LDCs, 1995-2013 11% Average annual growth in LDCs’ travel exports (1995-2014) US$ 15 bn LDCs’ travel exports in 2014 Source: WTO-UNCTAD-ITC estimates and WTO estimates based on UN World Tourism Organization data. 32 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Accession to the WTO boosts services exports of new WTO members • The average trade growth of commercial services exports from recently acceded WTO members is almost twice as high in the three years after WTO accession than it is in the three years before accession, regardless of country particularities.1 WORLD TRADE AND THE WTO: 1995-2014 • Following WTO accession, growth in services exports is even higher than in other economies even if in the years prior to WTO accession, growth mirrored the world average. • Improved market access and increased transparency and predictability in the trading environment resulting from WTO membership have helped to boost exports of commercial services. WTO acceding members’ trade in services 1 Based on the analysis of 26 recently acceded WTO members. World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 33 Thirty-three economies have joined the WTO since it was established in 1995 • WTO membership has grown to 161 members as of August 2015, with 33 economies having joined the WTO since 1995. The newest members are Yemen (June 2014) and Seychelles (April 2015). From 1995 to 2014, WTO members’ share of merchandise exports rose from 89 per cent of total exports in 1995 to 94 per cent in 2005 and to 97 per cent in 2014. Excluding significant re-exports from Hong Kong, China, developing economies’ share of exports increased from 20 per cent of WTO members’ total exports in 1995 to 35 per cent in 2005 and to 43 per cent in 2014. • Among the most significant accessions in terms of trade volume was in December 2001, when China became the WTO’s 143rd member. Before joining the WTO, merchandise exports from China accounted for 3 per cent of total world exports in 1995, increasing to just 4 per cent by 2000. In the years following WTO accession, China has shown rapid gains in merchandise exports. Its share of the world’s total exports was 5 per cent in 2002, growing to 6 per cent in 2003 and 2004. By 2014, China’s merchandise exports accounted for 12 per cent of the world’s trade merchandise exports. The accession of Russia - the largest economy in the Commonwealth of Independent States - in August 2012 was another significant milestone. • WTO accession has had a significant impact on the trade and economic growth of acceding countries irrespective of their economic size. For example, after its accession in 2007, Tonga’s exports rose by 13 per cent on average per year for the next five years, compared with -10 per cent over the previous five years while its GDP grew by an annual average of 9 per cent compared with 11 per cent during the previous five-year period. • Pending domestic ratification by Kazakhstan’s Parliament of its WTO terms of entry, Kazakhstan will become the WTO’s 162nd member. In 2014, Kazakhstan’s exports of goods totalled US$ 78 billion while its imports of goods totalled US$ 41 billion. Kazakhstan is the second-largest exporter of goods among CIS countries, behind Russia. In 2014, it was the third-largest importer of goods among CIS countries, behind Russia and Ukraine. Expansion of WTO membership 34 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 WTO members’ merchandise trade WORLD TRADE AND THE WTO: 1995-2014 World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 35 I WORLD TRADE DEVELOPMENTS I. World trade developments Where to find more online: World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 you can access and download the Excel files Download the data: for the tables via www.wto.org/statistics www.wto.org/statistics 37 List of tables I. World Trade Developments 1. Overview Table I.1 Growth in the volume of world merchandise exports and production, 2010-2014 39 Table I.2 Growth in the volume of world merchandise trade by selected region and economy, 2010-2014 39 2. Trade by region Table I.3World merchandise trade and trade in commercial services by region and selected economy, 2010-2014 40 Table I.4 41 Intra- and inter-regional merchandise trade, 2014 Table I.5World merchandise exports by region and selected economy, 1948, 1953, 1963, 1973, 1983, 1993, 2003 and 2014 42 Table I.6World merchandise imports by region and selected economy, 1948, 1953, 1963, 1973, 1983, 1993, 2003 and 2014 43 3. Leading traders Table I.7 Leading exporters and importers in world merchandise trade, 2014 44 Table I.8 Leading exporters and importers in world merchandise trade (excluding intra-EU (28) trade), 2014 45 Table I.9 Leading exporters and importers in world trade in commercial services, 2014 46 Table I.10Leading exporters and importers in world trade in commercial services (excluding intra-EU (28) trade), 2014 47 4. Bilateral trade of leading traders Table I.11 Merchandise trade of Canada by origin and destination, 2014 48 Table I.12 Merchandise trade of the United States by origin and destination, 2014 49 Table I.13 Merchandise trade of the European Union (28) by origin and destination, 2014 50 Table I.14 Merchandise trade of Japan by origin and destination, 2014 51 Table I.15 Trade in commercial services of selected economies by origin and destination, 2013 52 5. Regional trade agreements Table I.16 Merchandise trade of NAFTA countries by major product group and by origin/destination, 2014 55 Table I.17 Merchandise trade of MERCOSUR countries by major product group and by origin/destination, 2014 56 Table I.18Merchandise trade of Andean Community countries by major product group and by origin/destination, 2014 57 Table I.19 58 Merchandise trade of ASEAN countries by major product group and by origin/destination, 2014 6. Least-developed countries Table I.20 Ratio of exports of goods and commercial services to GDP of the least-developed countries, 2014 59 Table I.21 Merchandise exports and imports of least-developed countries, 2014 60 Table I.22Imports of agricultural products, fuels and manufactures of the European Union (28), Asia and North America from the least-developed countries, 2014 61 Table I.23 62 Exports of commercial services of the least-developed countries by category, 2014 7. Foreign affiliates trade in services 38 Table I.24Sales by affiliates of foreign companies - resident affiliates primarily engaged in services activities (inward FATS), 2010-2012 63 Table I.25Sales by foreign affiliates of resident companies - affiliates located abroad primarily engaged in services activities (outward FATS), 2010-2012 64 Table I.26Services supplied by United States affiliates established abroad (outward FATS) and by foreign affiliates in the United States (inward FATS) by economy of affiliate, 2012 65 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 1. Overview Table I.1 Growth in the volume of world merchandise exports and production, 2010-2014 (Annual percentage change) 2012 2013 2014 World merchandise exports 3.5 2.5 3.0 2.5 Agricultural products 3.5 1.5 3.0 2.5 Fuels and mining products 1.5 3.0 0.5 1.0 Manufactures 4.0 2.0 2.5 4.0 World merchandise production Agriculture 2.5 2.5 2.0 2.0 2.5 1.5 5.5 1.5 Mining 1.5 2.5 0.5 2.5 Manufacturing 2.5 2.5 1.5 2.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 World GDP I WORLD TRADE DEVELOPMENTS 2010-14 Note : See the Metadata for the estimation of world aggregates of merchandise exports, production and GDP. Table I.2 Growth in the volume of world merchandise trade by selected region and economy, 2010-2014 (Annual percentage change) Exports Imports 2010-14 2013 2014 2010-14 2013 2014 3.5 3.0 2.5 World 3.0 2.0 2.5 4.5 2.5 4.0 2.0 4.0 North America 3.5 1.0 4.5 5.5 Canada 2.5 1.5 6.0 2.0 4.5 7.0 Mexico 6.0 3.0 7.0 4.5 2.5 3.5 United States 3.0 1.0 4.5 2.0 2.0 -1.5 South and Central America 3.5 3.5 -2.5 2.5 2.5 1.5 Europe 1.0 0.0 2.5 2.5 2.0 2.0 1.0 -0.5 3.0 European Union (28) -1.5 -5.0 1.5 Norway 1.5 1.5 1.0 4.5 16.0 -6.0 Switzerland -2.5 2.0 -13.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 2.5 -1.0 -10.0 4.5 5.0 4.5 Asia 4.5 5.0 3.5 3.5 6.0 6.0 Australia 2.5 -2.5 2.0 7.5 7.5 7.0 China 6.5 10.0 4.0 6.0 8.5 3.0 India 4.5 -0.5 3.0 -1.0 -2.0 0.5 Japan 3.0 0.5 2.5 3.5 3.0 4.0 Six East Asian traders a 3.0 3.5 3.0 a Hong Kong, China; Malaysia; Republic of Korea; Singapore; Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu (Chinese Taipei) and Thailand. World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 39 2. Trade by region Table I.3 World merchandise trade and trade in commercial services by region and selected economy, 2010-2014 (Annual percentage change) Exports Imports 2010-14 2013 2014 6 2 0 6 2 3 6 2 3 2010-14 2013 2014 World 5 1 1 North America 5 0 3 5 0 4 Merchandise 5 1 4 4 -2 -6 3 0 -7 United States Canada 4 0 0 6 3 -5 Brazil 6 7 -5 Chile 5 -1 -9 4 2 1 European Union (28) 3 1 2 Switzerland - 9 -14 South and Central America 2 -2 -1 5 5 0 4 5 1 - 15 -13 6 -2 -6 5 0 -11 6 -1 -5 Russian Federation 6 2 -10 7 -2 -8 Kazakhstan 7 5 -16 2 -6 -8 0 -4 -5 4 -10 -7 9 0 -4 14 9 -5 9 -3 -6 6 2 2 10 8 6 -3 -10 -4 Europe Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Africa 8 3 1 South Africa 6 -1 -3 Nigeria a 8 10 7 8 6 0 United Arab Emirates a 12 11 4 Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of 11 8 -3 Middle East Asia 7 1 0 China 9 7 0 Japan 4 -6 -1 7 6 5 2 Commercial services 6 5 5 World 6 5 3 North America 4 3 6 5 4 United States 5 3 3 3 0 -4 Canada 2 0 -5 6 3 1 8 7 0 7 -2 5 Brazil 10 7 3 0 -3 -6 Argentina 3 2 -10 6 7 6 5 8 5 6 8 6 European Union (28) 5 8 5 5 5 2 Switzerland 8 8 1 7 10 -8 12 15 -4 7 12 -6 Russian Federation 13 18 -5 -5 2 -34 Ukraine -1 11 -24 3 -3 6 5 1 5 -4 -16 13 Egypt 7 -5 13 1 -5 0 South Africa -3 -5 -6 9 South and Central America Europe Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Africa 5 2 7 9 5 16 14 14 Middle East United Arab Emirates 14 7 6 3 7 3 Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of 4 4 14 8 3 6 9 5 8 8 -4 12 Asia China 19 18 15 5 1 19 Japan 4 -8 12 a Secretariat estimates. 40 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Table I.4 Intra- and inter-regional merchandise trade, 2014 (Billion dollars and percentage) Destination North America Europe CIS Africa Middle East Asia World Value World 3195 744 6792 512 639 780 5485 18494 North America 1251 214 379 17 43 79 504 2493 South and Central America 173 179 114 9 18 17 170 695 Europe 540 119 4665 218 221 229 738 6810 735 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 28 7 385 131 16 22 134 Africa 39 29 201 2 98 18 152 555 Middle East 99 11 148 7 36 113 694 1288 1065 185 900 127 207 302 3093 5917 100.0 Asia I WORLD TRADE DEVELOPMENTS Origin South and Central America Share of regional trade flows in each region's total merchandise exports World 17.3 4.0 36.7 2.8 3.5 4.2 29.7 North America 50.2 8.6 15.2 0.7 1.7 3.2 20.2 100.0 South and Central America 24.8 25.8 16.4 1.4 2.5 2.4 24.5 100.0 Europe 7.9 1.7 68.5 3.2 3.3 3.4 10.8 100.0 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 3.9 0.9 52.4 17.8 2.1 3.1 18.2 100.0 Africa 7.0 5.1 36.2 0.4 17.7 3.3 27.3 100.0 Middle East 7.7 0.8 11.5 0.5 2.8 8.8 53.9 100.0 Asia 18.0 3.1 15.2 2.1 3.5 5.1 52.3 100.0 Share of each region's exports in world merchandise exports to the region World 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 North America 39.2 28.8 5.6 3.4 6.8 10.1 9.2 13.5 South and Central America 5.4 24.1 1.7 1.8 2.8 2.2 3.1 3.8 Europe 16.9 16.0 68.7 42.6 34.7 29.4 13.5 36.8 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 0.9 0.9 5.7 25.6 2.4 2.9 2.4 4.0 Africa 1.2 3.8 3.0 0.4 15.4 2.3 2.8 3.0 Middle East 3.1 1.5 2.2 1.3 5.6 14.5 12.7 7.0 Asia 33.3 24.9 13.2 24.7 32.4 38.7 56.4 32.0 17.3 4.0 36.7 2.8 3.5 4.2 29.7 100.0 13.5 Share of regional trade flows in world merchandise exports World North America 6.8 1.2 2.0 0.1 0.2 0.4 2.7 South and Central America 0.9 1.0 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.9 3.8 Europe 2.9 0.6 25.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 4.0 36.8 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 0.2 0.0 2.1 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.7 4.0 Africa 0.2 0.2 1.1 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.8 3.0 Middle East 0.5 0.1 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.6 3.8 7.0 Asia 5.8 1.0 4.9 0.7 1.1 1.6 16.7 32.0 World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 41 Table I.5 World merchandise exports by region and selected economy, 1948, 1953, 1963, 1973, 1983, 1993, 2003 and 2014 (Billion dollars and percentage) 1948 1953 1963 1973 1983 1993 2003 2014 Value World 59 84 157 579 1838 3688 7380 18494 Share World 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 North America 28.1 24.8 19.9 17.3 16.8 17.9 15.8 13.5 United States 21.7 18.8 14.9 12.3 11.2 12.6 9.8 8.8 Canada 5.5 5.2 4.3 4.6 4.2 3.9 3.7 2.6 2.1 Mexico 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.4 1.4 1.4 2.2 11.3 9.7 6.4 4.3 4.5 3.0 3.0 3.8 Brazil 2.0 1.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.2 Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. of 1.5 1.7 1.5 0.6 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.4 South and Central America Europe 35.1 39.4 47.8 50.9 43.5 45.3 45.9 36.8 Germany a 1.4 5.3 9.3 11.7 9.2 10.3 10.2 8.2 Netherlands 2.0 3.0 3.6 4.7 3.5 3.8 4.0 3.6 France 3.4 4.8 5.2 6.3 5.2 6.0 5.3 3.2 Italy 1.8 1.8 3.2 3.8 4.0 4.6 4.1 2.9 - - - - - 1.5 2.6 4.0 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) b Africa 7.3 6.5 5.7 4.8 4.5 2.5 2.4 3.0 2.0 1.6 1.5 1.0 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.5 Middle East 2.0 2.7 3.2 4.1 6.7 3.5 4.1 7.0 Asia South Africa c 14.0 13.4 12.5 14.9 19.1 26.0 26.1 32.0 China 0.9 1.2 1.3 1.0 1.2 2.5 5.9 12.7 Japan 0.4 1.5 3.5 6.4 8.0 9.8 6.4 3.7 India 2.2 1.3 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.8 1.7 Australia and New Zealand 3.7 3.2 2.4 2.1 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.5 Six East Asian traders 3.4 3.0 2.5 3.6 5.8 9.6 9.6 9.6 33.3 Memorandum item: EU d - - 24.5 37.0 31.3 37.3 42.4 USSR, Former 2.2 3.5 4.6 3.7 5.0 - - - GATT/WTO Members e 63.4 69.6 75.0 84.1 77.0 89.0 94.3 97.3 a Figures refer to the Fed. Rep. of Germany from 1948 through 1983. b Figures are significantly affected by including the mutual trade flows of the Baltic States and the CIS between 1993 and 2003. c Beginning with 1998, figures refer to South Africa only and no longer to the Southern African Customs Union. d Figures refer to the EEC(6) in 1963, EC(9) in 1973, EC(10) in 1983, EU(12) in 1993, EU(25) in 2003 and EU(28) in 2014. e Membership as of the year stated. Note: Between 1973 and 1983 and between 1993 and 2003 export shares were significantly influenced by oil price developments. 42 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Table I.6 World merchandise imports by region and selected economy, 1948, 1953, 1963, 1973, 1983, 1993, 2003 and 2014 (Billion dollars and percentage) 1948 1953 1963 1973 1983 1993 2003 2014 World 62 85 164 594 1883 3805 7696 18641 100.0 Share World 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 North America 18.5 20.5 16.1 17.2 18.5 21.3 22.4 17.7 United States 13.0 13.9 11.4 12.3 14.3 15.9 16.9 12.9 Canada 4.4 5.5 3.9 4.2 3.4 3.7 3.2 2.5 2.2 Mexico 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.7 1.8 2.3 10.4 8.3 6.0 4.4 3.9 3.3 2.5 4.0 Brazil 1.8 1.6 0.9 1.2 0.9 0.7 0.7 1.3 Chile 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 Europe 36.4 South and Central America 45.3 43.7 52.0 53.3 44.1 44.5 45.0 Germany a 2.2 4.5 8.0 9.2 8.1 9.0 7.9 6.5 United Kingdom 13.4 11.0 8.5 6.5 5.3 5.5 5.2 3.7 France 5.5 4.9 5.3 6.4 5.6 5.7 5.2 3.6 Netherlands 3.4 3.3 4.4 4.8 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.2 - - - - - 1.2 1.7 2.7 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) b Africa 8.1 7.0 5.2 3.9 4.6 2.6 2.2 3.4 2.5 1.5 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.7 Middle East 1.8 2.1 2.3 2.7 6.2 3.3 2.8 4.2 Asia South Africa c 13.9 15.1 14.1 14.9 18.5 23.5 23.5 31.5 China 0.6 1.6 0.9 0.9 1.1 2.7 5.4 10.5 Japan 1.1 2.8 4.1 6.5 6.7 6.4 5.0 4.4 India 2.3 1.4 1.5 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.9 2.5 Australia and New Zealand 2.9 2.3 2.2 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5 Six East Asian traders 3.5 3.7 3.2 3.9 6.1 10.2 8.6 9.4 32.9 I WORLD TRADE DEVELOPMENTS Value Memorandum item: EU d - - 25.5 37.1 31.4 36.2 41.3 USSR, Former 1.9 3.3 4.3 3.6 4.3 - - - GATT/WTO Members e 58.6 66.9 75.3 85.5 79.7 89.3 96.0 97.7 a Figures refer to the Fed. Rep. of Germany from 1948 through 1983. b Figures are significantly affected by including the mutual trade flows of the Baltic States and the CIS between 1993 and 2003. c Beginning with 1998, figures refer to South Africa only and no longer to the Southern African Customs Union. d Figures refer to the EEC(6) in 1963, EC(9) in 1973, EC(10) in 1983, EU(12) in 1993, EU(25) in 2003 and EU(28) in 2014. e Membership as of the year stated. Note: Between 1973 and 1983 and between 1993 and 2003 export shares were significantly influenced by oil price developments. World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 43 3. Leading traders Table I.7 Leading exporters and importers in world merchandise trade, 2014 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value Share Annual percentage change Rank Importers Value Share Annual percentage change 1 China 2342 12.3 6 1 United States 2413 12.6 4 2 United States 1621 8.5 3 2 China 1959 10.3 0 3 Germany 1508 7.9 4 3 Germany 1216 6.4 2 4 Japan 684 3.6 -4 4 Japan 822 4.3 -1 5 Netherlands 672 3.5 0 5 United Kingdom 684 3.6 4 6 France 583 3.1 0 6 France 678 3.5 -1 7 Korea, Republic of 573 3.0 2 7 Hong Kong, China 601 3.1 -3 retained imports 151 0.8 6 Rank Exporters 8 Italy 529 2.8 2 8 Netherlands 588 3.1 0 9 Hong Kong, China 524 2.8 -2 9 Korea, Republic of 526 2.8 2 domestic exports 16 0.1 -20 re-exports 508 2.7 -1 10 United Kingdom 506 2.7 -7 10 Canada a 475 2.5 0 11 Russian Federation 498 2.6 -5 11 Italy 472 2.5 -2 12 Canada 475 2.5 4 12 India 463 2.4 -1 13 Belgium 471 2.5 1 13 Belgium 452 2.4 0 14 Singapore 410 2.2 0 14 Mexico 412 2.2 5 domestic exports 216 1.1 -1 re-exports 194 1.0 1 398 2.1 5 15 Singapore 366 1.9 -2 173 0.9 -5 15 Mexico retained imports 16 United Arab Emirates b 360 1.9 -5 16 Spain 358 1.9 5 17 Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of 354 1.9 -6 17 Russian Federation a 308 1.6 -10 18 Spain 325 1.7 2 18 Switzerland 276 1.4 -14 19 India 322 1.7 2 19 Chinese Taipei 274 1.4 2 20 Chinese Taipei 314 1.7 3 20 United Arab Emirates b 262 1.4 4 21 Switzerland 311 1.6 -13 21 Turkey 242 1.3 -4 22 Australia 241 1.3 -5 22 Brazil 239 1.3 -5 23 Malaysia 234 1.2 3 23 Australia 237 1.2 -2 24 Thailand 228 1.2 0 24 Thailand 228 1.2 -9 25 Brazil 225 1.2 -7 25 Poland 220 1.2 6 26 Poland 217 1.1 6 26 Malaysia 209 1.1 1 27 Austria 178 0.9 2 27 Austria 182 1.0 -1 28 Indonesia 176 0.9 -3 28 Indonesia 178 0.9 -5 29 Czech Republic 174 0.9 7 29 Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of 163 0.9 -3 30 Sweden 164 0.9 -2 30 Sweden 163 0.9 1 31 Turkey 158 0.8 4 31 Czech Republic 152 0.8 6 32 Viet Nam 150 0.8 14 32 Viet Nam 149 0.8 13 33 Norway 144 0.8 -7 33 South Africa 122 0.6 -3 34 Qatar 132 0.7 -4 34 Hungary 105 0.5 5 35 Ireland 118 0.6 3 35 Denmark 99 0.5 3 36 Denmark 111 0.6 1 36 Norway 89 0.5 -1 37 Hungary 111 0.6 3 37 Slovak Republic 82 0.4 1 38 Kuwait, the State of 104 0.5 -9 38 Portugal 78 0.4 3 39 Nigeria b 97 0.5 -7 39 Romania 78 0.4 6 40 South Africa 91 0.5 -5 40 Finland 77 0.4 -1 41 Iran b 89 0.5 8 41 Israel 75 0.4 1 42 Slovak Republic 87 0.5 1 42 Chile 72 0.4 -9 43 Iraq 85 0.4 -6 43 Ireland 71 0.4 8 44 Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. of b 80 0.4 -10 44 Philippines 68 0.4 4 45 Kazakhstan 78 0.4 -8 45 Egypt 67 0.4 16 46 Chile 76 0.4 -1 46 Argentina 65 0.3 -11 47 Finland 74 0.4 0 47 Colombia 64 0.3 8 48 Argentina 72 0.4 -12 48 Greece 63 0.3 2 49 Romania 70 0.4 6 49 Nigeria b 60 0.3 7 50 Israel 68 0.4 2 50 Iraq b 59 0.3 -3 Total of above c 17608 92.7 - Total of above c 17361 90.9 - World c 19002 100.0 0 World c 19091 100.0 0 a Imports are valued f.o.b. b Secretariat estimates. c Includes significant re-exports or imports for re-export. Note : For annual data 2004-2014, see Appendix A6 and A7 44 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Table I.8 Leading exporters and importers in world merchandise trade (excluding intra-EU (28) trade), 2014 (Billion dollars and percentage) Rank Exporters Value Share Annual percentage change Rank Value Share 4 1 China 2342 15.5 6 1 United States 2413 15.9 2 Extra-EU (28) 2262 15.0 -2 2 Extra-EU (28) 2232 14.7 0 3 United States 1621 10.7 3 3 China 1959 12.9 0 4 Japan 684 4.5 -4 4 Japan 822 5.4 -1 5 Korea, Republic of 573 3.8 2 5 Hong Kong, China 601 4.0 -3 retained imports 151 1.0 6 Korea, Republic of 526 3.5 2 6 Hong Kong, China 524 3.5 -2 domestic exports 16 0.1 -20 6 re-exports 508 3.4 -1 7 Russian Federation 498 3.3 -5 7 Canada a 475 3.1 0 8 Canada 475 3.1 4 8 India 463 3.0 -1 9 Singapore 9 Mexico 412 2.7 5 10 Singapore -2 domestic exports re-exports 10 Mexico 410 2.7 0 216 1.4 -1 194 1.3 1 398 2.6 5 366 2.4 retained imports 173 1.1 -5 308 2.0 -10 11 United Arab Emirates b 360 2.4 -5 11 Russian Federation a 12 Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of 354 2.3 -6 12 Switzerland 276 1.8 -14 13 India 322 2.1 2 13 Chinese Taipei 274 1.8 2 14 Chinese Taipei 314 2.1 3 14 United Arab Emirates b 262 1.7 4 15 Switzerland 311 2.1 -13 15 Turkey 242 1.6 -4 16 Australia 241 1.6 -5 16 Brazil 239 1.6 -5 17 Malaysia 234 1.6 3 17 Australia 237 1.6 -2 18 Thailand 228 1.5 0 18 Thailand 228 1.5 -9 19 Brazil 225 1.5 -7 19 Malaysia 209 1.4 1 20 Indonesia 176 1.2 -3 20 Indonesia 178 1.2 -5 21 Turkey 158 1.0 4 21 Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of 163 1.1 -3 22 Viet Nam 150 1.0 14 22 Viet Nam 149 1.0 13 23 Norway 144 1.0 -7 23 South Africa 122 0.8 -3 24 Qatar 132 0.9 -4 24 Norway 89 0.6 -1 25 Kuwait, the State of 104 0.7 -9 25 Israel 75 0.5 1 26 Nigeria b 97 0.6 -7 26 Chile 72 0.5 -9 27 South Africa 91 0.6 -5 27 Philippines 68 0.4 4 28 Iran b 89 0.6 8 28 Egypt 67 0.4 16 29 Iraq 85 0.6 -6 29 Argentina 65 0.4 -11 30 Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. of b 80 0.5 -10 30 Colombia 64 0.4 8 31 Kazakhstan 78 0.5 -8 31 Nigeria b 60 0.4 7 32 Chile 76 0.5 -1 32 Iraq b 59 0.4 -3 33 Argentina 72 0.5 -12 33 Algeria 58 0.4 6 34 Israel 68 0.5 2 34 Ukraine 54 0.4 -29 35 Algeria 63 0.4 -3 35 Iran b 51 0.3 4 36 Angola 62 0.4 -9 36 Pakistan 48 0.3 7 37 Philippines 62 0.4 10 37 Morocco 46 0.3 1 38 Colombia 55 0.4 -7 38 Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. of b 44 0.3 -19 39 Ukraine 54 0.4 -16 39 New Zealand 43 0.3 7 40 Oman 53 0.4 -6 40 Peru 42 0.3 -2 41 New Zealand 42 0.3 6 41 Bangladesh 42 0.3 14 42 Peru 39 0.3 -7 42 Kazakhstan 41 0.3 -16 43 Belarus 36 0.2 -2 43 Belarus 41 0.3 -5 44 Bangladesh 30 0.2 4 44 Qatar 35 0.2 -1 45 Azerbaijan 28 0.2 -11 45 Kuwait, the State of 31 0.2 7 46 Egypt 27 0.2 -5 46 Oman 30 0.2 -15 47 Ecuador 26 0.2 4 47 Angola a 28 0.2 8 48 Pakistan 25 0.2 -2 48 Ecuador 28 0.2 2 49 Morocco 24 0.2 8 49 Tunisia 25 0.2 2 50 Libya b 21 0.1 -52 50 Jordan 23 0.2 5 Total of above c 14622 96.8 - Total of above c 14487 95.4 - World (excl. intra-EU (28) c 15102 100.0 -1 World (excl. intra-EU (28)) c 15191 100.0 0 I WORLD TRADE DEVELOPMENTS Importers Annual percentage change a Imports are valued f.o.b. b Secretariat estimates. c Includes significant re-exports or imports for re-export. Note : For annual data 2004-2014, see Appendix A6 and A7 World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 45 Table I.9 Leading exporters and importers in world trade in commercial services, 2014 (Billion dollars and percentage) Rank Exporters Value Share Annual percentage change Rank Importers Value Share Annual percentage change 1 United States 688 13.9 4 1 United States 452 9.4 3 2 United Kingdom 337 6.8 8 2 China 382 8.0 15 3 France 267 5.4 5 3 Germany 326 6.8 1 4 Germany 266 5.4 4 4 France 248 5.2 8 5 China 232 4.7 12 5 United Kingdom 197 4.1 4 6 Netherlands 187 3.8 5 6 Japan 190 4.0 12 7 Japan 158 3.2 19 7 Netherlands 156 3.3 3 8 India 156 3.2 5 8 India 147 3.1 17 16 9 Singapore 140 2.8 2 9 Ireland 142 3.0 10 Spain 134 2.7 4 10 Singapore 141 3.0 0 11 Ireland 133 2.7 9 11 Russian Federation 119 2.5 -5 12 Belgium 122 2.5 9 12 Belgium 115 2.4 11 13 Italy 116 2.3 4 13 Korea, Republic of 114 2.4 4 14 Switzerland 113 2.3 2 14 Italy 113 2.4 5 15 Hong Kong, China 106 2.1 1 15 Canada 106 2.2 -5 16 Korea, Republic of 106 2.1 3 16 Switzerland 93 1.9 1 17 Luxembourg 98 2.0 12 17 Brazil 86 1.8 3 18 Canada 85 1.7 -4 18 Hong Kong, China 76 1.6 1 19 Sweden 77 1.6 3 19 United Arab Emirates 70 1.5 6 20 Denmark 72 1.5 3 20 Spain 70 1.5 8 21 Austria 66 1.3 5 21 Luxembourg 67 1.4 13 22 Russian Federation 65 1.3 -6 22 Sweden 67 1.4 8 23 Chinese Taipei 57 1.2 12 23 Denmark 64 1.3 1 24 Thailand 55 1.1 -6 24 Australia 62 1.3 -7 14 25 Australia 53 1.1 1 25 Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of 59 1.2 26 Macao, China 53 1.1 -1 26 Norway 56 1.2 1 27 Turkey 50 1.0 7 27 Austria 53 1.1 7 28 Norway 49 1.0 2 28 Thailand 53 1.1 -3 29 Poland 48 1.0 7 29 Chinese Taipei 45 0.9 8 30 Greece 41 0.8 11 30 Malaysia 45 0.9 1 31 Malaysia 39 0.8 -1 31 Poland 36 0.7 5 32 Brazil 39 0.8 5 32 Indonesia 33 0.7 -4 33 Israel 35 0.7 3 33 Mexico 32 0.7 8 34 Portugal 30 0.6 4 34 Qatar 30 0.6 21 35 Finland 26 0.5 -7 35 Finland 28 0.6 -6 36 Czech Republic 26 0.5 5 36 Turkey 23 0.5 2 37 Philippines 25 0.5 6 37 Czech Republic 23 0.5 10 38 Hungary 24 0.5 8 38 Nigeria 22 0.5 9 39 Indonesia 23 0.5 3 39 Kuwait, the State of 22 0.5 12 40 Mexico 21 0.4 5 40 Israel 22 0.5 8 Total of above 4420 89.5 - Total of above 4185 87.5 - World 4940 100.0 5 World 4780 100.0 5 Note : Figures for a number of countries and territories have been estimated by the Secretariat. Annual percentage changes and rankings are affected by continuity breaks in the series for a large number of economies, and by limitations in cross-country comparability. See the Metadata. For more annual data, see Appendix Tables A8 and A9. 46 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Table I.10 Leading exporters and importers in world trade in commercial services (excluding intra-EU (28) trade), 2014 (Billion dollars and percentage) Exporters Value Share Rank Importers Value Share Annual percentage change 7 1 Extra-EU (28) exports 985 26.2 6 1 Extra-EU (28) imports 744 20.1 2 United States 688 18.3 4 2 United States 452 12.2 3 3 China 232 6.2 12 3 China 382 10.3 15 4 Japan 158 4.2 19 4 Japan 190 5.1 12 5 India 156 4.1 5 5 India 147 4.0 17 6 Singapore 140 3.7 2 6 Singapore 141 3.8 0 7 Switzerland 113 3.0 2 7 Russian Federation 119 3.2 -5 8 Hong Kong, China 106 2.8 1 8 Korea, Republic of 114 3.1 4 9 Korea, Republic of 106 2.8 3 9 Canada 106 2.9 -5 10 Canada 85 2.3 -4 10 Switzerland 93 2.5 1 11 Russian Federation 65 1.7 -6 11 Brazil 86 2.3 3 12 Chinese Taipei 57 1.5 12 12 Hong Kong, China 76 2.0 1 13 Thailand 55 1.5 -6 13 United Arab Emirates 70 1.9 6 14 Australia 53 1.4 1 14 Australia 62 1.7 -7 14 15 Macao, China 53 1.4 -1 15 Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of 59 1.6 16 Turkey 50 1.3 7 16 Norway 56 1.5 1 17 Norway 49 1.3 2 17 Thailand 53 1.4 -3 18 Malaysia 39 1.0 -1 18 Chinese Taipei 45 1.2 8 19 Brazil 39 1.0 5 19 Malaysia 45 1.2 1 20 Israel 35 0.9 3 20 Indonesia 33 0.9 -4 21 Philippines 25 0.7 6 21 Mexico 32 0.9 8 22 Indonesia 23 0.6 3 22 Qatar 30 0.8 21 23 Mexico 21 0.6 5 23 Turkey 23 0.6 2 24 Egypt 20 0.5 13 24 Nigeria 22 0.6 9 25 United Arab Emirates 20 0.5 14 25 Kuwait 22 0.6 12 26 South Africa 16 0.4 0 26 Israel 22 0.6 8 27 Morocco 16 0.4 14 27 Angola a 21 0.6 ... 28 Ukraine 14 0.4 -34 28 Philippines 20 0.5 23 29 New Zealand 14 0.4 8 29 Egypt 17 0.5 13 30 Argentina 14 0.4 -6 30 South Africa 17 0.4 -6 31 Lebanese Republic 14 0.4 -8 31 Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. of 17 0.4 -13 32 Qatar 13 0.3 24 32 Argentina 16 0.4 -10 33 Cuba 12 0.3 -5 33 Iraq a 15 0.4 ... 34 Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of 12 0.3 3 34 Chile 15 0.4 -7 35 Chile 11 0.3 -12 35 Iran 14 0.4 12 36 Viet Nam 11 0.3 2 36 Viet Nam 14 0.4 5 37 Panama 11 0.3 10 37 Colombia 13 0.4 6 38 Iran 9 0.2 35 38 New Zealand 13 0.3 4 39 Belarus 8 0.2 4 39 Lebanese Republic 13 0.3 -2 40 40 Colombia 7 0.2 1 Kazakhstan 13 0.3 5 Total of above 3555 94.5 - Total of above 3440 92.9 - World (excl. intra-EU (28)) 3760 100.0 5 World (excl. intra-EU (28)) 3705 100.0 6 I WORLD TRADE DEVELOPMENTS Rank Annual percentage change a Secretariat estimate. Note : Figures for a number of countries and territories have been estimated by the Secretariat. Annual percentage changes and rankings are affected by continuity breaks in the series for a large number of economies, and by limitations in cross-country comparability. See the Metadata. For more annual data, see Appendix Tables A8 and A9. World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 47 4. Bilateral trade of leading traders Table I.11 Merchandise trade of Canada by origin and destination, 2014 (Million dollars and percentage) Exports Destination Value Imports a Annual percentage change Share 2013 Origin 2014 2010 2014 2014 World 474709 100.0 100.0 1 4 North America 368244 76.0 77.6 2 5 Asia 47838 9.9 10.1 5 -6 Europe 39279 9.9 8.3 -14 7 South and Central America 7796 1.9 1.6 -8 Africa 4106 0.9 0.9 1 Middle East 4073 0.9 0.9 CIS 1512 0.4 0.3 Value Annual percentage change Share 2014 2010 2014 World 475000 100.0 100.0 0 0 North America 288178 56.8 60.7 3 4 Asia 96703 20.7 20.4 -1 0 Europe 60729 13.5 12.8 2 -2 -2 South and Central America 16036 4.0 3.4 -4 -3 5 Africa 5921 1.3 1.2 -33 -36 -19 14 Middle East 5565 2.5 1.2 -14 -26 -11 -18 CIS 1868 1.2 0.4 -30 -56 Region 2013 2014 Region Economy Economy United States 363217 74.7 76.5 2 5 United States 251031 49.1 52.8 3 4 European Union (28) 34790 8.6 7.3 -17 8 China 53006 10.7 11.2 1 4 China 17429 3.3 3.7 3 -12 European Union (28) 52260 11.6 11.0 2 1 Japan 9698 2.3 2.0 0 -6 Mexico 26009 5.3 5.5 2 0 -10 Mexico 4965 1.3 1.0 -3 -5 Japan 12013 3.2 2.5 -11 430100 90.2 90.6 - - Above 5 394319 79.9 83.0 - - Hong Kong, China 4154 0.5 0.9 93 -13 Korea, Republic of 6560 1.5 1.4 12 -8 Korea, Republic of 3763 0.9 0.8 -9 11 Chinese Taipei 4182 1.0 0.9 0 -9 India 2845 0.5 0.6 15 5 Switzerland 3520 0.7 0.7 7 -9 Norway 2024 0.6 0.4 -14 1 Canada b 3235 1.0 0.7 -1 -3 Brazil 1969 0.6 0.4 -9 -17 Brazil 3133 0.8 0.7 -11 -11 Indonesia 1834 0.3 0.4 10 -1 India 2869 0.5 0.6 1 -1 Australia 1591 0.4 0.3 -21 -1 Peru 2739 0.9 0.6 -19 -8 United Arab Emirates 1587 0.3 0.3 6 3 Thailand 2590 0.6 0.5 -3 1 Switzerland 1356 0.4 0.3 101 -20 Viet Nam 2562 0.3 0.5 28 23 Singapore 1174 0.2 0.2 4 26 Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of 2412 0.5 0.5 -8 -8 Russian Federation 1128 0.3 0.2 -18 -16 Malaysia 2187 0.6 0.5 -5 3 Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of 1126 0.2 0.2 -36 27 Norway 1820 0.7 0.4 -2 -51 Chile 1027 0.1 0.2 -2 32 Argentina 1762 0.4 0.4 -20 -1 Turkey 965 0.2 0.2 1 12 Iraq 1675 0.5 0.4 -21 -46 Colombia 832 0.2 0.2 -17 20 Chile 1559 0.5 0.3 2 -9 Peru 721 0.1 0.2 10 22 Dominican Republic 1486 0.0 0.3 321 24 Malaysia 718 0.2 0.2 -3 -5 Indonesia 1366 0.3 0.3 1 2 Thailand 648 0.2 0.1 2 -11 Australia 1302 0.4 0.3 -16 -25 Above 5 Bangladesh 640 0.1 0.1 22 0 Turkey 1286 0.2 0.3 -13 0 Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. of 616 0.1 0.1 2 -19 Algeria 1212 0.9 0.3 -46 -63 Botswana 496 0.0 0.1 … 65 Philippines 1120 0.2 0.2 11 1 Philippines 492 0.2 0.1 12 -16 Bangladesh 1108 0.2 0.2 2 -4 Nigeria 481 0.1 0.1 33 10 Angola 1066 0.4 0.2 -22 -29 Viet Nam 431 0.1 0.1 12 4 Singapore 1044 0.3 0.2 -12 -17 Egypt 420 0.2 0.1 6 -12 Israel 1001 0.2 0.2 -10 -3 Algeria 420 0.1 0.1 -15 17 South Africa 998 0.2 0.2 -4 50 Israel 407 0.1 0.1 39 10 Colombia 806 0.2 0.2 1 20 Cuba 405 0.1 0.1 8 -11 Cambodia 748 0.1 0.2 13 11 South Africa 397 0.1 0.1 -28 -12 Russian Federation 657 0.4 0.1 -16 -22 New Zealand 375 0.1 0.1 0 -2 Egypt 560 0.1 0.1 16 -7 Morocco Pakistan 360 351 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 16 -44 -16 121 New Zealand Costa Rica 555 522 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 -7 12 11 -9 Trinidad and Tobago 286 0.1 0.1 1 -14 Cuba 509 0.2 0.1 -10 5 Ecuador 259 0.1 0.1 11 -12 Trinidad and Tobago 504 0.1 0.1 -26 176 Iraq 254 0.1 0.1 -52 33 Guatemala 492 0.1 0.1 -10 34 466651 98.1 98.3 - - 455469 94.7 95.9 - - Above 40 Above 40 a Imports are valued f.o.b. b In 2014, Canada reported imports from Canada accounting for about 1 percent of its total merchandise imports. 48 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Table I.12 Merchandise trade of the United States by origin and destination, 2014 (Million dollars and percentage) Exports Value Annual percentage change Share 2013 Origin 2014 2010 2014 2014 World 1620532 100.0 100.0 2 3 North America 553302 32.3 34.1 4 5 Region Value Annual percentage change Share 2014 2010 2014 2013 2014 World 2412547 100.0 100.0 0 4 Asia 960023 38.8 39.8 2 5 5 Region Asia 438703 28.5 27.1 2 1 North America 649163 26.0 26.9 2 Europe 317593 21.6 19.6 -1 2 Europe 472877 18.2 19.6 2 8 South and Central America 180956 10.7 11.2 1 0 South and Central America 155918 6.9 6.5 -8 -5 Middle East 73744 3.8 4.6 5 1 Middle East 105812 3.9 4.4 -8 -3 Africa 38367 2.2 2.4 8 7 Africa 35537 4.4 1.5 -25 -31 CIS 15534 0.7 1.0 6 -4 CIS 28732 1.6 1.2 -9 -10 Economy Economy Canada 312371 19.5 19.3 3 4 China 466696 18.5 19.3 3 6 European Union (28) 276853 18.8 17.1 -1 5 European Union (28) 418044 16.2 17.3 1 8 Mexico 240247 12.8 14.8 5 6 Canada 346794 14.0 14.4 2 5 China 123676 7.2 7.6 10 2 Mexico 294060 11.7 12.2 1 5 Japan 66826 4.7 4.1 -7 2 Japan 134004 6.1 5.6 -5 -3 Above 5 Above 5 1019973 63.0 62.9 - - 1659597 66.6 68.8 - - Korea, Republic of 44471 3.0 2.7 -1 7 Korea, Republic of 69518 2.5 2.9 6 11 Brazil 42428 2.8 2.6 1 -4 Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of 47041 1.6 1.9 -7 -9 Hong Kong, China 40822 2.1 2.5 13 -4 India 45244 1.5 1.9 3 8 Singapore 30205 2.3 1.9 0 -1 Chinese Taipei 40581 1.8 1.7 -2 7 Chinese Taipei 26670 2.0 1.6 5 5 Switzerland 31464 1.0 1.3 10 10 Australia 26494 1.7 1.6 -16 1 Viet Nam 30589 0.8 1.3 22 24 Switzerland 22134 1.6 1.4 0 -16 Brazil 30537 1.2 1.3 -14 11 United Arab Emirates 22062 0.9 1.4 8 -10 Malaysia 30420 1.3 1.3 5 11 India 21607 1.5 1.3 -1 -1 Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. of 30219 1.7 1.3 -17 -6 Colombia 20107 0.9 1.2 12 9 Thailand 27123 1.2 1.1 0 4 Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of 18705 0.9 1.2 6 -1 Russian Federation 23656 1.3 1.0 -8 -13 Chile 16513 0.9 1.0 -7 -6 Israel 22962 1.1 1.0 3 1 Israel 15082 0.9 0.9 -4 10 Indonesia 19361 0.8 0.8 5 3 Malaysia 13068 1.1 0.8 1 0 Colombia 18300 0.8 0.8 -12 -15 Thailand 11810 0.7 0.7 8 0 Singapore 16425 0.9 0.7 -12 -8 Turkey 11645 0.8 0.7 -3 -4 Iraq 13827 0.6 0.6 -31 4 Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. of 11138 0.8 0.7 -25 -16 Kuwait 11437 0.3 0.5 -3 -9 Argentina 10826 0.6 0.7 1 5 Ecuador 10856 0.4 0.4 21 -6 Russian Federation 10753 0.5 0.7 4 -4 Australia 10449 0.4 0.4 -5 17 Panama 10463 0.5 0.6 7 -1 Philippines 10144 0.4 0.4 -3 9 Peru 10054 0.5 0.6 8 -1 Costa Rica 9500 0.4 0.4 -1 -20 Philippines 8453 0.6 0.5 4 1 Chile 9475 0.4 0.4 11 -9 Indonesia 8284 0.5 0.5 14 -9 South Africa 8296 0.4 0.3 -2 -1 Ecuador 8129 0.4 0.5 14 6 Turkey 7357 0.2 0.3 6 10 Dominican Republic 7922 0.5 0.5 3 11 Peru 6077 0.3 0.3 27 -25 Costa Rica 6964 0.4 0.4 0 -4 Trinidad and Tobago 5995 0.3 0.2 -20 -8 Egypt 6473 0.5 0.4 -6 25 Hong Kong, China 5866 0.2 0.2 4 3 South Africa 6368 0.4 0.4 -3 -13 Angola 5720 0.6 0.2 -11 -35 Nigeria 5968 0.3 0.4 27 -7 Norway 5357 0.4 0.2 -16 -3 Guatemala 5964 0.4 0.4 -3 7 Bangladesh 5278 0.2 0.2 9 -1 Honduras 5961 0.4 0.4 -6 11 Honduras 4643 0.2 0.2 -2 2 Viet Nam 5734 0.3 0.4 9 14 Algeria 4629 0.7 0.2 -52 -4 Qatar 5173 0.2 0.3 39 4 Dominican Republic 4520 0.2 0.2 -3 6 Norway 4424 0.2 0.3 32 -4 Argentina 4243 0.2 0.2 7 -9 New Zealand Above 40 I WORLD TRADE DEVELOPMENTS Destination Imports 4256 0.2 0.3 3 32 1547100 95.5 95.5 - - World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Guatemala Above 40 4217 0.2 0.2 -7 1 2290920 93.0 95.0 - - Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 49 Table I.13 Merchandise trade of the European Union (28) by origin and destination, 2014 (Million dollars and percentage) Exports Destination Value Imports Annual percentage change Share 2013 Origin 2014 2010 2014 2014 World 6162240 100.0 100.0 5 1 Europe 4293026 71.5 69.7 5 2 Region Annual percentage change Share Value 2014 2010 2014 2013 2014 World 6132501 100.0 100.0 1 2 Europe 4217787 67.6 68.8 3 3 Region Asia 622567 9.2 10.1 4 3 Asia 797299 14.1 13.0 -2 5 North America 488202 7.3 7.9 2 7 North America 328112 4.9 5.4 -3 4 Africa 200879 3.2 3.3 5 0 CIS 317819 5.1 5.2 0 -10 CIS 193207 3.1 3.1 2 -15 Africa 206193 1.8 3.4 -7 -7 Middle East 179967 2.7 2.9 11 2 South and Central America 105228 2.0 1.7 -10 -2 South and Central America 109215 1.8 1.8 4 -8 Middle East 100471 3.3 1.6 -9 -7 Economy Economy European Union (28) a 3900147 65.4 63.3 3 3 European Union (28) a 3900120 62.5 63.6 3 3 United States 413027 6.2 6.7 2 7 China 401894 6.9 6.6 -1 8 China 218855 2.9 3.6 6 11 United States 272904 4.2 4.5 -2 5 Switzerland 186452 2.8 3.0 31 -17 Russian Federation 241027 4.0 3.9 -1 -12 2 137264 2.2 2.2 0 -13 Above 5 Russian Federation 4855745 79.5 78.8 - - Turkey 99150 1.6 1.6 6 -4 Japan 70759 1.1 1.1 0 Norway 66666 1.1 1.1 4 Korea, Republic of 57336 0.7 0.9 United Arab Emirates 56811 0.7 Brazil 49015 0.8 India 47101 0.9 Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of 46685 0.6 Hong Kong, China 46078 Canada 42072 Australia Switzerland 128308 2.1 2.1 -8 4944253 79.8 80.6 - - Norway 115251 1.9 1.9 -8 -4 -1 Japan 73090 1.6 1.2 -10 -3 0 Turkey 72047 1.1 1.2 7 7 9 8 Korea, Republic of 51526 1.0 0.8 -3 8 0.9 24 -4 India 49274 0.8 0.8 1 1 0.8 4 -7 Brazil 41400 0.8 0.7 -9 -6 0.8 -4 -1 Algeria 39021 0.5 0.6 1 -8 0.8 16 4 Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of 38136 0.4 0.6 -10 -4 0.7 0.7 10 -3 Nigeria 37409 0.4 0.6 -10 -2 0.7 0.7 4 0 Canada 36326 0.6 0.6 -7 0 39293 0.7 0.6 -2 -8 Kazakhstan 31697 0.4 0.5 0 0 Mexico 37777 0.5 0.6 1 4 Chinese Taipei 30820 0.6 0.5 1 5 Singapore 37529 0.6 0.6 -1 -3 Viet Nam 29455 0.2 0.5 18 4 Algeria 31075 0.4 0.5 10 4 Malaysia 26205 0.5 0.4 1 8 Above 5 South Africa 31007 0.5 0.5 -1 -5 Thailand 24627 0.4 0.4 4 9 Morocco 24204 0.4 0.4 5 5 South Africa 24526 0.5 0.4 -22 19 Ukraine 22773 0.4 0.4 4 -28 Mexico 23882 0.3 0.4 -7 3 Israel 22558 0.4 0.4 3 0 Singapore 22395 0.5 0.4 -15 -4 Chinese Taipei 22542 0.4 0.4 8 3 Indonesia 19177 0.3 0.3 -4 0 Egypt 22514 0.4 0.4 -1 13 Ukraine 18240 0.3 0.3 -2 -1 -8 Malaysia 18575 0.3 0.3 2 -2 Azerbaijan 17546 0.2 0.3 4 Thailand 16541 0.3 0.3 5 -17 Israel 17383 0.3 0.3 2 5 Nigeria 15344 0.3 0.2 6 -2 Libya 16560 0.7 0.3 -27 -46 Tunisia 14595 0.3 0.2 3 -2 Bangladesh 16359 0.2 0.3 14 13 Serbia 13782 0.2 0.2 6 5 Iraq 15406 0.2 0.3 -14 9 Indonesia 12588 0.2 0.2 3 -2 Morocco 14663 0.2 0.2 11 10 Indonesia 11162 0.1 0.2 6 37 Hong Kong, China 14152 0.3 0.2 0 4 Qatar 10976 0.2 0.2 21 -18 Angola 12472 0.1 0.2 36 1 Argentina 9915 0.2 0.2 13 -13 Tunisia 12431 0.2 0.2 1 0 Belarus 9813 0.2 0.2 13 -20 Australia 12131 0.3 0.2 -28 -10 -3 Chile 9257 0.1 0.2 4 -25 Chile 11569 0.2 0.2 -5 Gibraltar 9037 0.1 0.1 24 17 Egypt 11390 0.2 0.2 -3 8 Philippines 8971 0.1 0.1 12 -10 United Arab Emirates 10785 0.1 0.2 15 -12 Kazakhstan 8958 0.1 0.1 3 9 Colombia 10700 0.1 0.2 -8 5 Angola 8713 0.1 0.1 3 -2 Argentina 10236 0.2 0.2 -16 -5 Above 40 5906918 95.9 95.9 - - 5952537 96.6 97.1 - - Above 40 a The figures are affected by the "INTRASTAT" system of recording trade between EU member States. Intra-EU (28) imports are under-recorded. To compensate for this under-recording, intra-EU (28) exports have been used to obtain total (World) imports. 50 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Table I.14 Merchandise trade of Japan by origin and destination, 2014 (Million dollars and percentage) Exports Value Annual percentage change Share Origin 2014 2010 2014 2013 2014 World 683846 100.0 100.0 -10 -4 Asia 386808 58.8 56.6 -11 -5 North America 148534 18.1 21.7 -6 -3 Europe 77576 12.8 11.3 -12 Middle East 28053 1.3 4.1 -10 South and Central America 14606 2.3 2.1 -8 CIS 11122 1.2 1.6 Africa 9339 3.3 1.4 United States 129951 15.6 China 124986 European Union (28) Korea, Republic of Chinese Taipei Share 2014 2010 2014 2013 2014 World 822251 100.0 Asia 422758 52.3 100.0 -6 -1 51.4 -7 Middle East 149723 0 1.7 18.2 -5 -7 -1 North America 10 Europe 90219 12.0 11.0 -7 2 89603 10.9 10.9 -6 -7 1 CIS 26683 2.5 3.2 13 7 -11 -9 -15 South and Central America 24198 3.3 2.9 -4 -12 -3 Africa 18995 17.1 2.3 -10 -1 19.0 -5 -3 19.4 18.3 -10 -3 China 181721 22.1 22.1 -4 0 European Union (28) 78655 9.6 9.6 -6 0 71009 11.3 10.4 -12 -1 50488 8.1 7.4 -8 -11 United States 74354 10.0 9.0 -8 3 Australia 48321 6.5 5.9 -9 -5 38909 6.8 5.7 -10 -6 Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of 47414 5.2 5.8 -9 -5 415343 61.3 60.7 - - 37804 5.5 5.5 -9 1 Region Region Economy Above 5 Value Annual percentage change I WORLD TRADE DEVELOPMENTS Destination Imports Economy Hong Kong, China a Above 5 430465 53.3 52.4 - - United Arab Emirates 41620 4.2 5.1 -3 -2 -3 Thailand 31105 4.4 4.5 -18 -13 Korea, Republic of 34576 4.1 4.2 -12 Singapore 20970 3.3 3.1 -10 0 Qatar 33445 3.1 4.1 3 -9 Indonesia 14665 2.1 2.1 -16 -14 Malaysia 29281 3.3 3.6 -9 -2 Australia 14169 2.1 2.1 -8 -17 Indonesia 25783 4.1 3.1 -11 -11 Malaysia 13958 2.3 2.0 -14 -8 Russian Federation 25356 2.3 3.1 14 7 Viet Nam 11742 1.1 1.7 -2 11 Chinese Taipei 24530 3.3 3.0 -1 3 Mexico 10612 1.2 1.6 -8 9 Thailand 22086 3.0 2.7 -7 0 Philippines 9812 1.4 1.4 -18 1 Viet Nam 15469 1.2 1.9 -6 9 United Arab Emirates 9493 1.0 1.4 -5 12 Kuwait, the State of 12338 1.5 1.5 -12 -8 Russian Federation 9138 1.0 1.3 -13 -17 Canada 11503 1.6 1.4 -5 -4 India 8059 1.2 1.2 -19 -6 Philippines 10234 1.1 1.2 -1 11 Canada 7968 1.2 1.2 -15 -8 Brazil 9690 1.4 1.2 -7 -13 Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of 7560 0.8 1.1 -17 10 Chile 8180 1.1 1.0 -14 2 Panama 7018 2.0 1.0 -32 -27 Singapore 8027 1.2 1.0 -15 8 Brazil 4704 0.8 0.7 -4 -17 South Africa 7824 1.0 1.0 5 16 Oman 3497 0.4 0.5 -13 12 Switzerland 7523 1.0 0.9 -11 3 South Africa 3190 0.5 0.5 -15 -8 India 7432 0.8 0.9 1 5 Switzerland 3025 1.0 0.4 -24 -9 Iran 6177 1.6 0.8 -13 -11 26 New Zealand 2369 0.2 0.3 12 8 Nigeria 4469 0.1 0.5 -26 Turkey 2121 0.3 0.3 -4 -8 Mexico 4362 0.5 0.5 -4 3 Kuwait, the State of 1889 0.2 0.3 0 0 Brunei Darussalam 4017 0.6 0.5 -20 -15 Chile 1709 0.4 0.2 -15 1 Oman 3881 0.7 0.5 -18 -31 Pakistan 1610 0.2 0.2 -16 13 New Zealand 2750 0.4 0.3 -11 2 Qatar 1542 0.1 0.2 -13 18 Papua New Guinea 2471 0.1 0.3 -32 178 Egypt 1423 0.2 0.2 -31 18 Norway 2446 0.3 0.3 -14 23 Colombia 1372 0.2 0.2 -18 12 Hong Kong, China 1945 0.2 0.2 5 21 Bahamas 1267 0.1 0.2 143 116 Israel 1819 0.1 0.2 30 19 Norway 1255 0.1 0.2 -5 8 Peru 1762 0.3 0.2 -6 -33 Myanmar 1190 0.0 0.2 -16 13 Algeria 1601 0.1 0.2 104 78 Marshall Islands 1186 0.3 0.2 -51 43 Iraq 1542 0.5 0.2 -7 -41 Bangladesh 1159 0.1 0.2 -11 33 Gabon 1458 0.0 0.2 -17 -36 Israel 1103 0.2 0.2 -23 0 Ecuador 1163 0.0 0.1 -9 6 Argentina 1056 0.1 0.2 -2 -5 Bangladesh 938 0.1 0.1 24 5 Liberia 1048 0.3 0.2 -24 -40 Argentina 910 0.1 0.1 49 -51 Above 40 667130 97.7 97.6 - - 809074 98.5 98.4 - - Above 40 a Includes significant shipments recorded as exports to Hong Kong, China with China as final destination. World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 51 Table I.15 Trade in commercial services of selected economies by origin and destination, 2013 (Million dollars and percentage) Exports Value Imports Share Annual percentage change 2013 2013 2010-13 Value 2012 2013 Share Annual percentage change 2013 2013 2010-13 2012 2013 8 European Union (28) World 2051279 100.0 6 -1 8 World 1731184 100.0 5 -1 European Union (28) 1120440 54.6 5 -3 7 European Union (28) 1033613 59.7 6 -2 8 United States 237830 11.6 9 4 9 United States 209453 12.1 4 1 5 Switzerland 131274 6.4 9 7 9 Switzerland 71477 4.1 5 0 9 Russian Federation 40193 2.0 12 8 10 China 27578 1.6 7 4 8 China 38006 1.9 14 7 19 Turkey 20271 1.2 2 -10 10 Above 5 1567743 76.4 - - - Above 5 1362391 78.7 - - - 34102 1.7 7 -2 11 Japan 19300 1.1 1 -8 -4 Norway Japan 32705 1.6 9 10 7 Russian Federation 18828 1.1 7 3 7 Australia 24864 1.2 9 7 2 Norway 18365 1.1 8 1 12 21 Canada 22973 1.1 6 2 4 Singapore 17247 1.0 11 -6 Singapore 21848 1.1 11 -8 24 India 16095 0.9 2 -10 1 Brazil 19453 0.9 1 -12 -4 Canada 14863 0.9 4 1 5 India 14920 0.7 2 -3 1 Hong Kong, China 12922 0.7 7 -2 10 Turkey 13489 0.7 7 -1 9 Australia 10789 0.6 3 2 -2 Hong Kong, China 12995 0.6 5 4 3 Brazil 8259 0.5 2 -9 0 Mexico 10010 0.5 8 -1 3 Thailand 7864 0.5 6 3 11 Above 15 1775102 86.5 - - - 1506923 87.0 - - - World 662888 100.0 7 4 5 World 436791 100.0 5 4 3 European Union (27) 204329 30.8 5 0 3 European Union (27) 153847 35.2 5 2 5 Above 15 United States Canada 62856 9.5 6 6 3 Canada 30206 6.9 4 1 -1 Japan 45807 6.9 2 6 0 Japan 27437 6.3 7 11 12 China 37423 5.6 19 16 14 Bermuda 24662 5.6 -8 -10 -6 Mexico 29460 4.4 7 7 6 Switzerland 21817 5.0 3 7 4 Above 5 379875 57.3 - - - Above 5 257969 59.1 - - - 27311 4.1 8 16 0 India 18997 4.3 9 6 3 15 Switzerland Brazil 26422 4.0 13 7 6 Mexico 17643 4.0 8 6 Korea, Republic of 20558 3.1 11 7 16 China 14255 3.3 11 14 7 Australia 18824 2.8 7 1 2 Korea, Republic of 8227 1.9 7 10 4 India 13200 2.0 9 4 9 Brazil 7294 1.7 13 8 -3 Chinese Taipei 11206 1.7 7 7 0 Hong Kong, China 7141 1.6 4 5 2 Singapore 11198 1.7 3 13 -13 Chinese Taipei 7018 1.6 8 12 1 Bermuda 10698 1.6 -2 -15 13 Australia 6772 1.6 10 11 1 Hong Kong, China 9082 1.4 16 1 39 Singapore 5402 1.2 9 6 -1 Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of 7093 1.1 13 17 12 Israel 5092 1.2 4 2 0 535467 80.8 - - - Above 15 355810 81.5 - - - World 137008 100.0 11 7 8 World 141393 100.0 12 10 10 European Union (28) 18326 13.4 6 -3 6 European Union (28) 25650 18.1 15 6 25 Above 15 Singapore a, b 52 United States 16265 11.9 12 16 7 United States 22027 15.6 7 37 1 Australia 9326 6.8 13 9 2 China 6422 4.5 18 10 13 China 7052 5.1 7 8 17 Japan 5061 3.6 6 -10 1 Japan 6789 5.0 11 2 10 Switzerland 4598 3.3 35 48 11 Above 5 57759 42.2 - - - 63758 45.1 - - - Hong Kong, China 4019 2.9 4 2 -2 Above 5 Australia 4257 3.0 23 12 10 India 3975 2.9 9 4 12 Hong Kong, China 3876 2.7 7 7 14 Switzerland 3844 2.8 28 28 13 India 2575 1.8 6 1 9 Malaysia 3802 2.8 12 11 8 Malaysia 2140 1.5 11 11 5 Indonesia 3607 2.6 13 17 8 Chinese Taipei 1991 1.4 5 3 10 Thailand 3052 2.2 17 24 14 Korea, Republic of 1881 1.3 11 11 1 Korea, Republic of 2136 1.6 5 6 -2 Indonesia 1574 1.1 6 5 4 United Arab Emirates 1797 1.3 12 10 21 United Arab Emirates 1497 1.1 23 12 30 Chinese Taipei 1743 1.3 -3 1 4 Thailand 1269 0.9 8 -3 14 Norway 1463 1.1 5 13 8 Canada 923 0.7 28 3 59 Above 15 87197 63.6 - - - Above 15 85741 60.6 - - - Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Table I.15 (continued) Trade in commercial services of selected economies by origin and destination, 2013 (Million dollars and percentage) Exports Share Annual percentage change 2013 2013 2010-13 2012 Value 2013 Share Annual percentage change 2013 2013 2010-13 2012 2013 Korea, Republic of World 102531 100.0 8 14 0 World 109161 100.0 4 6 1 China 18282 17.8 11 13 24 United States 28630 26.2 3 13 -4 United States 17099 16.7 10 15 2 European Union (27) 19680 18.0 2 4 3 Japan 9995 9.7 -1 34 -23 China 12977 11.9 2 -4 -4 European Union (27) 9555 9.3 3 6 -2 Japan 9256 8.5 -1 -2 0 54931 53.6 - - - Above 4 70543 64.6 - - - World 104656 100.0 9 8 6 World 75046 100.0 2 3 -2 China 40891 39.1 20 15 18 China 30416 40.5 -2 1 -7 ... Above 4 Hong Kong, China c United States 14919 14.3 1 1 1 European Union (28) 10341 13.8 ... ... European Union (28) 14635 14.0 ... ... ... United States 8095 10.8 2 -2 0 Japan 4671 4.5 -1 6 -8 Japan 5062 6.7 7 20 1 Chinese Taipei 4234 4.0 1 -6 -1 Singapore 3432 4.6 4 2 -1 Above 5 79350 75.8 - - - 57346 76.4 - - - Singapore 3080 2.9 7 -4 10 Above 5 Chinese Taipei 3089 4.1 12 15 5 Australia 2706 2.6 4 8 -7 Australia 2802 3.7 3 0 1 Korea, Republic of 2617 2.5 7 8 0 Canada 1501 2.0 4 -3 -5 Malaysia 1316 1.3 2 -6 2 Thailand 1386 1.8 16 15 11 Canada 1281 1.2 2 0 3 Korea, Republic of 1281 1.7 13 12 1 Switzerland 1105 1.1 9 22 -11 Macao, China 1170 1.6 13 29 2 Macao, China 1082 1.0 19 34 9 Malaysia 1113 1.5 13 3 14 India 1025 1.0 -1 -9 0 India 841 1.1 2 -3 -2 Philippines 1020 1.0 11 6 5 Indonesia 494 0.7 8 -2 11 Thailand 1014 1.0 12 5 13 464 0.6 3 -4 5 Above 15 95596 91.3 - - - Above 15 Switzerland 71488 95.3 - - - World 69111 100.0 12 7 12 World 125760 100.0 20 19 18 European Union (27) 27905 40.4 16 12 17 European Union (27) 56767 45.1 22 15 21 Switzerland 4711 6.8 11 5 6 Turkey 11671 9.3 34 43 47 United States 4275 6.2 3 -6 4 United States 6637 5.3 19 26 8 Turkey 3773 5.5 30 11 63 Ukraine 4510 3.6 9 19 4 Ukraine 2393 3.5 4 -10 1 Switzerland 3607 2.9 18 16 18 83192 66.2 - - - 2952 2.3 43 19 31 I WORLD TRADE DEVELOPMENTS Value Imports Russian Federation d Above 5 43057 62.3 - - - Kazakhstan 2224 3.2 10 -1 14 Above 5 Thailand China 1617 2.3 14 9 6 Egypt 2575 2.0 -5 78 -6 Belarus 1465 2.1 31 19 73 United Arab Emirates 2203 1.8 35 34 23 British Virgin Islands 1364 2.0 4 -5 31 Belarus 2063 1.6 22 28 22 Uzbekistan 1311 1.9 11 -2 4 China 2053 1.6 14 8 -4 India 932 1.3 1 39 8 Panama 1611 1.3 14 -1 35 24 United Arab Emirates 676 1.0 31 7 20 Israel 1166 0.9 22 21 Tajikistan 601 0.9 -2 -17 -5 Kazakhstan 969 0.8 8 20 -5 Korea, Republic of 599 0.9 2 16 5 Korea, Republic of 900 0.7 9 1 26 Japan 570 0.8 5 0 3 Norway 898 0.7 32 33 23 Above 15 54417 78.7 - - - Above 15 100583 80.0 - - - World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 53 Table I.15 (continued) Trade in commercial services of selected economies by origin and destination, 2013 (Million dollars and percentage) Exports Value Imports Share Annual percentage change 2013 2013 2010-13 2012 Value 2013 Share Annual percentage change 2013 2013 2010-13 2012 2013 0 Canada World 88455 100.0 6 6 0 World 111061 100.0 5 5 United States 49681 56.2 6 9 -1 United States 64036 57.7 5 4 0 European Union (27) 13848 15.7 1 -6 -2 European Union (27) 18301 16.5 4 3 -1 63530 71.8 - - - 82336 74.1 - - - Above 2 Above 2 Australia World 52604 100.0 5 3 -1 World 67085 100.0 10 7 2 European Union (27) 8953 17.0 6 6 -2 European Union (27) 14753 22.0 7 2 -1 China 6750 12.8 8 3 4 United States 12309 18.3 13 4 5 United States 5778 11.0 9 3 6 Singapore 5060 7.5 16 10 9 New Zealand 3593 6.8 8 9 -1 New Zealand 3068 4.6 6 -2 2 Singapore 3265 6.2 13 2 3 Thailand 2363 3.5 9 9 -8 Above 5 28339 53.9 - - - Above 5 37553 56.0 - - - Japan 1930 3.7 -3 7 -16 Japan 2357 3.5 5 6 0 India 1848 3.5 -13 -20 -12 Indonesia 2311 3.4 12 -1 2 Hong Kong, China 1818 3.5 9 9 0 Hong Kong, China 2297 3.4 9 0 11 Malaysia 1617 3.1 4 5 -3 China 1930 2.9 7 4 -3 Korea, Republic of 1612 3.1 -3 3 -13 India 1366 2.0 31 33 35 Indonesia 1166 2.2 5 -3 2 Malaysia 1365 2.0 9 -4 4 Viet Nam 964 1.8 7 1 2 Switzerland 1260 1.9 -5 0 7 Switzerland 861 1.6 3 -17 23 Canada 1007 1.5 7 13 -5 Canada 776 1.5 4 -2 -10 Fiji 954 1.4 8 0 1 Thailand 774 1.5 -2 -7 -5 Viet Nam 819 1.2 10 4 4 Above 15 41706 79.3 - - - 53218 79.3 - - - Above 15 a The following transactions are not allocated geographically: travel exports and imports; financial services exports related to foreign exchange trading; imports of freight transportation services and, insurance on goods imports. Overall, they represent 19 per cent of commercial services exports, and 20 per cent of imports. b In 2013, ASEAN countries accounted for 10 per cent of total commercial services exports and 5 per cent of imports. c Financial intermediation services indirectly measured (FISIM) are not allocated geographically. In 2013, they represented 4 per cent of exports, and 1 per cent of imports. d In 2013, trade in commercial services not allocated geographically accounted for 11 per cent of exports and 13 per cent of imports. 54 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 5. Regional trade agreements Table I.16 Merchandise trade of NAFTA countries by major product group and by origin/destination, 2014 (Billion dollars and percentage) Destination Value 2014 Share 2010 2014 Annual percentage change Value 2013 2014 2014 Share 2010 2014 Other origin/destination Annual percentage change Value 2013 2014 2014 Annual percentage change Share 2010 2014 2013 2014 Exports Canada Agricultural products 68 13.5 14.3 4 4 37 9.3 10.0 8 6 31 26.4 29.3 1 1 Fuels and mining products 160 31.4 33.8 2 5 138 34.5 37.5 5 6 22 21.7 20.7 -13 -1 Manufactures 212 48.0 44.7 -2 2 174 50.8 47.3 -1 3 38 39.3 35.5 -5 2 Total exports 475 100.0 100.0 1 4 368 100.0 100.0 2 5 107 100.0 100.0 -5 0 I WORLD TRADE DEVELOPMENTS NAFTA World Mexico Agricultural products 26 6.3 6.6 10 5 21 6.0 6.2 12 6 6 7.8 8.6 5 3 Fuels and mining products 53 16.7 13.4 -9 -12 36 15.9 11.1 -10 -14 17 20.6 24.8 -4 -6 Manufactures 309 74.5 77.8 6 8 266 75.7 80.6 7 10 43 68.5 64.1 -1 -2 Total exports 398 100.0 100.0 3 5 330 100.0 100.0 4 6 68 100.0 100.0 -3 -3 United States Agricultural products 182 11.2 11.2 2 4 50 9.5 9.1 1 4 132 11.9 12.4 3 4 Fuels and mining products 202 10.1 12.4 4 3 73 9.6 13.3 9 15 128 10.3 12.0 2 -3 Manufactures 1164 73.8 71.8 2 3 412 77.7 74.5 3 4 752 72.0 70.4 2 3 Total exports 1621 100.0 100.0 2 3 553 100.0 100.0 4 5 1068 100.0 100.0 1 1 NAFTA Agricultural products 277 10.9 11.1 3 4 108 8.5 8.6 5 5 169 13.1 13.6 2 3 Fuels and mining products 415 15.3 16.7 1 2 248 18.9 19.8 3 5 167 11.8 13.5 -1 -3 Manufactures 1685 68.8 67.6 2 4 852 68.9 68.1 3 5 833 68.8 67.1 1 3 Total exports 2493 100.0 100.0 2 3 1251 100.0 100.0 3 5 1242 100.0 100.0 1 1 41 8.2 8.7 2 4 26 8.9 9.1 4 3 15 7.1 8.1 0 5 Fuels and mining products 62 13.1 13.0 -3 -4 42 8.9 14.4 22 25 20 18.7 10.9 -21 -34 Manufactures 353 74.7 74.4 0 1 212 78.6 73.4 0 2 142 69.5 75.9 1 0 Total imports 475 100.0 100.0 0 0 288 100.0 100.0 3 4 187 100.0 100.0 -4 -5 Imports Canada Agricultural products Mexico Agricultural products 31 7.8 7.5 8 3 24 12.2 11.5 7 4 7 3.3 3.3 11 1 Fuels and mining products 44 10.7 10.6 -3 2 34 14.6 16.2 -2 2 9 6.5 4.6 -7 2 Manufactures 326 79.5 79.2 4 5 149 72.0 70.3 2 5 177 87.4 88.6 5 6 Total imports 412 100.0 100.0 3 5 212 100.0 100.0 1 5 200 100.0 100.0 5 6 United States Agricultural products 157 5.9 6.5 3 7 57 8.0 8.8 9 8 100 5.2 5.7 0 7 Fuels and mining products 408 20.7 16.9 -10 -7 172 26.9 26.5 1 1 235 18.6 13.3 -15 -13 Manufactures 1752 69.5 72.6 2 6 390 59.8 60.1 2 6 1362 73.0 77.2 2 6 Total imports 2413 100.0 100.0 0 4 649 100.0 100.0 2 5 1763 100.0 100.0 -1 3 NAFTA Agricultural products 229 6.5 6.9 4 6 108 9.0 9.4 7 6 122 5.2 5.7 1 6 Fuels and mining products 513 18.4 15.6 -8 -6 248 20.1 21.6 3 5 265 17.5 12.3 -15 -14 Manufactures 2432 71.5 73.7 2 5 751 66.7 65.3 1 4 1681 73.9 78.2 2 6 Total imports 3299 100.0 100.0 0 3 1149 100.0 100.0 2 5 2150 100.0 100.0 -1 3 World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 55 Table I.17 Merchandise trade of MERCOSUR countries by major product group and by origin/destination, 2014 (Billion dollars and percentage) World Destination Value Share MERCOSUR Annual percentage change Value 2014 2010 2014 2013 2014 40 6 22 72 50.8 12.2 32.2 100.0 55.4 8.0 31.2 100.0 4 -23 4 2 -11 -10 -15 -12 88 55 75 225 34.0 27.9 34.9 100.0 39.0 24.4 33.3 100.0 5 -11 4 0 6 2 1 10 61.4 31.1 7.4 100.0 66.4 23.8 9.4 100.0 7 0 2 9 71.8 3.3 23.7 100.0 141 138 104 396 Share Other origin/destination Annual percentage change Value 2014 2010 2014 2013 2014 5 1 13 20 23.9 10.6 65.4 100.0 26.8 7.2 66.0 100.0 -7 -28 12 3 -5 -11 -17 -14 -3 -6 -12 -7 4 4 17 25 12.6 9.6 77.7 100.0 17.3 14.3 68.2 100.0 14 0 6 6 48 0 20 30 2 -2 19 2 1 2 1 4 20.9 68.7 10.4 100.0 29.4 56.5 14.1 100.0 75.0 1.4 22.8 100.0 6 -42 5 4 1 78 -1 1 1 0 1 3 47.1 8.1 44.7 100.0 32.1 37.1 27.6 100.0 35.6 34.8 26.3 100.0 6 -10 3 -1 -5 -8 -12 -8 12 13 32 57 2 13 49 65 3.8 11.2 84.3 100.0 3.4 20.0 75.5 100.0 -2 20 7 8 -7 1 -15 -11 14 54 171 239 6.0 20.0 74.0 100.0 5.9 22.5 71.6 100.0 8 11 6 7 1 2 9 12 8.1 12.5 79.3 100.0 9.0 16.2 74.6 100.0 1 2 8 11 12.0 20.7 67.1 100.0 27 72 269 372 7.2 15.9 76.7 100.0 2014 Annual percentage change Share 2010 2014 2013 2014 35 4 10 52 60.9 12.8 19.8 100.0 66.1 8.3 18.3 100.0 5 -21 -6 1 -12 -10 -10 -11 11 28 -25 -15 84 51 58 200 37.2 30.6 28.4 100.0 41.8 25.6 28.9 100.0 5 -11 3 -1 -4 -8 -7 -6 11 0 18 5 11 -3 20 4 5 0 0 6 94.4 0.5 4.9 100.0 91.6 1.7 6.2 100.0 58 1 22 54 0 31 19 1 46.7 3.5 49.8 100.0 0 -59 8 2 -13 159 -6 -8 6 0 1 7 85.4 0.7 12.0 100.0 86.2 0.6 12.2 100.0 7 -3 1 5 5 -1 9 5 17.2 21.0 61.8 100.0 20.8 23.0 56.1 100.0 1 -9 8 3 1 0 -21 -13 129 125 72 339 34.9 40.1 21.1 100.0 38.2 36.8 21.3 100.0 6 -10 1 -2 -5 -9 -7 -7 1 2 13 15 4.3 11.0 84.6 100.0 4.5 12.3 83.1 100.0 -7 16 8 8 -14 -8 -28 -25 2 11 37 50 3.5 11.2 84.1 100.0 3.1 22.3 73.1 100.0 1 21 6 8 -4 3 -9 -6 -5 -1 -6 -5 5 2 12 19 25.6 12.5 61.9 100.0 25.9 10.9 63.2 100.0 -10 -5 7 1 -7 -15 -11 -10 9 52 159 220 3.8 20.9 75.3 100.0 4.2 23.5 72.3 100.0 22 12 6 8 -4 -1 -5 -4 5 -5 8 5 5 8 -2 0 1 1 3 5 13.7 25.1 61.1 100.0 14.5 24.9 60.5 100.0 5 -13 11 4 1 20 -1 4 0 1 6 7 3.7 2.8 93.4 100.0 4.8 9.5 85.5 100.0 5 10 6 6 15 -9 -3 -3 12.9 17.0 70.1 100.0 19 -31 10 0 -6 -13 3 -1 1 1 2 4 17.4 22.8 59.7 100.0 25.0 20.2 54.7 100.0 14 -50 0 -13 -1 8 -6 -2 0 1 6 7 7.8 19.1 72.7 100.0 6.3 15.3 78.4 100.0 30 -15 16 9 -15 -24 7 -1 7.4 19.2 72.2 100.0 6 9 3 4 -9 -1 -9 -7 11 6 33 51 18.1 12.6 69.3 100.0 21.1 12.1 64.9 100.0 -2 -11 4 2 -10 -4 -18 -15 17 66 236 322 4.9 16.6 78.3 100.0 5.2 20.4 73.3 100.0 12 12 2 5 -9 -1 -7 -6 Exports Argentina Agricultural products Fuels and mining products Manufactures Total exports Brazil Agricultural products Fuels and mining products Manufactures Total exports Paraguay Agricultural products Fuels and mining products Manufactures Total exports Uruguay Agricultural products Fuels and mining products Manufactures Total exports MERCOSUR Agricultural products Fuels and mining products Manufactures Total exports Imports Argentina Agricultural products Fuels and mining products Manufactures Total imports Brazil Agricultural products Fuels and mining products Manufactures Total imports Paraguay Agricultural products Fuels and mining products Manufactures Total imports Uruguay Agricultural products Fuels and mining products Manufactures Total imports MERCOSUR Agricultural products Fuels and mining products Manufactures Total imports 56 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Table I.18 Merchandise trade of Andean Community countries by major product group and by origin/destination, 2014 (Billion dollars and percentage) Andean Community World Value 2014 2013 2014 Share Value 2014 2010 2014 Share 2010 2014 Other origin/destination Annual percentage change Value 2013 2014 2014 Annual percentage change Share 2010 2014 2013 2014 Exports Bolivia, Plurinational State of Agricultural products 2 16.1 14.7 25 -6 1 66.7 88.6 29 -3 1 10.6 6.4 19 Fuels and mining products 9 76.2 71.5 8 0 0 28.3 8.2 -28 -50 9 81.4 78.7 9 -11 1 Manufactures 0 6.3 3.2 -18 -12 0 5.1 3.2 14 -6 0 6.4 3.2 -21 -13 Total exports 12 100.0 100.0 4 5 1 100.0 100.0 15 -10 11 100.0 100.0 2 7 Colombia Agricultural products 7 14.5 13.4 1 10 0 9.2 11.5 -11 10 7 14.9 13.5 2 10 Fuels and mining products 36 57.7 66.5 -1 -9 0 17.7 9.6 -33 -15 36 61.0 70.1 0 -9 Manufactures 9 22.0 16.8 0 -7 2 73.1 76.1 0 -9 7 17.7 13.1 0 -6 Total exports 55 100.0 100.0 -2 -7 3 100.0 100.0 -6 -5 52 100.0 100.0 -2 -7 I WORLD TRADE DEVELOPMENTS Destination Annual percentage change Ecuador Agricultural products 10 33.8 38.0 13 13 0 14.6 16.7 -3 -9 9 36.4 40.3 14 15 Fuels and mining products 14 55.9 53.1 3 -5 1 51.5 52.0 -10 -15 12 56.5 53.2 4 -3 Manufactures 1 9.5 5.6 -21 -4 1 33.8 31.3 -7 -1 1 6.1 2.8 -32 -7 Total exports 26 100.0 100.0 5 4 3 100.0 100.0 -8 -10 23 100.0 100.0 6 5 Peru Agricultural products 8 16.7 20.9 -7 15 1 16.8 18.8 -15 17 8 16.7 21.1 -6 15 Fuels and mining products 20 50.8 50.3 -7 -9 1 32.7 30.0 8 48 19 51.8 51.8 -7 -11 Manufactures 5 10.7 12.2 -7 -2 1 50.5 51.2 0 2 3 8.4 9.3 -9 -4 Total exports 39 100.0 100.0 -10 -7 3 100.0 100.0 -1 15 37 100.0 100.0 -11 -9 Andean Community Agricultural products 27 18.8 20.5 4 11 2 17.2 24.7 5 1 25 18.9 20.2 4 12 Fuels and mining products 79 56.1 59.6 -1 -7 3 31.6 26.2 -13 -4 76 58.2 62.2 -1 -7 Manufactures 16 14.7 12.0 -5 -6 5 51.1 48.1 -1 -5 11 11.6 9.1 -6 -6 Total exports 132 100.0 100.0 -3 -4 10 100.0 100.0 -3 -2 122 100.0 100.0 -3 -4 16 Imports Bolivia, Plurinational State of Agricultural products 1 8.4 8.1 11 14 0 12.3 13.6 9 6 1 7.9 7.6 11 Fuels and mining products 1 13.1 12.5 1 -4 0 6.5 10.8 36 48 1 13.7 12.6 -1 -7 Manufactures 8 78.1 78.9 11 14 1 80.8 75.5 6 3 8 77.8 79.2 11 16 Total imports 10 100.0 100.0 9 12 1 100.0 100.0 9 6 10 100.0 100.0 9 12 Agricultural products 6 11.0 10.2 -3 2 1 23.4 27.7 20 -1 5 10.1 9.1 -6 3 Fuels and mining products 9 7.1 13.9 5 21 1 10.5 15.1 -9 124 8 6.9 13.8 5 17 Manufactures 48 80.4 75.0 0 7 2 66.0 57.0 -19 11 46 81.5 76.1 1 7 Total imports 64 100.0 100.0 1 8 4 100.0 100.0 -9 16 60 100.0 100.0 1 7 Colombia Ecuador Agricultural products 2 9.4 8.5 0 8 1 14.8 20.9 -2 12 2 8.4 6.9 1 6 Fuels and mining products 7 20.2 25.5 12 6 0 19.1 9.6 53 -31 7 20.4 27.5 10 9 Manufactures 18 67.7 64.8 6 -1 2 66.1 69.4 -5 -5 16 68.0 64.2 8 0 Total imports 28 100.0 100.0 7 2 3 100.0 100.0 0 -6 25 100.0 100.0 8 3 Peru Agricultural products 5 11.9 11.7 0 3 1 14.9 23.1 3 4 4 11.6 10.6 0 3 Fuels and mining products 7 15.4 15.4 10 -9 2 50.6 47.1 -9 -10 5 11.4 12.4 18 -8 Manufactures 31 72.6 72.5 2 -2 1 34.5 29.9 4 -14 30 76.9 76.6 2 -2 Total imports 42 100.0 100.0 3 -2 4 100.0 100.0 -3 -8 39 100.0 100.0 3 -2 Andean Community Agricultural products 15 10.8 10.2 -1 4 3 17.2 23.3 8 4 12 10.1 9.0 -2 4 Fuels and mining products 24 12.8 16.4 8 6 3 26.0 23.4 -1 1 21 11.4 15.8 10 6 Manufactures 105 75.1 72.6 2 3 6 56.7 53.2 -8 -1 99 77.1 74.3 3 4 Total imports 145 100.0 100.0 3 4 11 100.0 100.0 -3 0 133 100.0 100.0 3 4 World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 57 Table I.19 Merchandise trade of ASEAN countries by major product group and by origin/destination, 2014 (Billion dollars and percentage) ASEAN World a Destination Share Value 2014 2010 2014 Annual percentage change Value 2013 2014 2014 Value 2014 2013 2014 Share 2010 Other origin/destination Annual percentage change 2014 Annual percentage change Share 2010 2014 2013 2014 Exports Indonesia Agricultural products 44 22.8 24.9 -5 3 6 18.8 16.1 -21 9 37 23.9 27.4 -2 2 Fuels and mining products 60 39.4 33.9 -7 -15 17 37.0 41.5 -2 -3 43 40.1 31.7 -8 -19 Manufactures 70 37.0 39.6 0 5 16 43.4 40.1 1 -4 54 35.3 39.4 0 8 Total exports 176 100.0 100.0 -4 -3 40 100.0 100.0 -3 -2 136 100.0 100.0 -4 -4 Malaysia Agricultural products 30 14.5 12.9 -11 0 7 10.2 10.5 -10 8 23 16.0 13.8 -12 -2 Fuels and mining products 58 17.8 25.0 13 0 18 20.5 28.3 16 4 40 16.9 23.7 11 -1 Manufactures 144 67.0 61.6 -1 4 40 68.4 60.8 3 1 104 66.5 61.9 -3 6 Total exports 234 100.0 100.0 0 3 65 100.0 100.0 5 2 169 100.0 100.0 -1 3 5 Philippines Agricultural products 7 8.0 11.2 33 3 1 4.7 8.8 17 -11 6 8.9 11.6 36 Fuels and mining products 6 6.2 9.5 50 1 1 7.8 12.4 44 4 5 5.8 9.0 52 0 Manufactures 49 85.1 78.3 3 11 7 87.4 78.8 -15 3 41 84.4 78.2 7 13 Total exports 62 100.0 100.0 9 10 9 100.0 100.0 -8 2 53 100.0 100.0 13 11 Singapore Agricultural products 12 2.2 2.9 10 9 5 3.0 4.0 10 7 7 1.9 2.4 11 11 Fuels and mining products 73 17.2 17.8 -4 -4 40 25.9 31.4 -4 1 33 13.4 11.7 -4 -9 Manufactures 291 72.4 70.9 2 1 79 67.2 62.1 1 -3 211 74.7 74.9 2 2 Total exports 410 100.0 100.0 0 0 128 100.0 100.0 -1 -1 282 100.0 100.0 1 0 Thailand Agricultural products 40 18.0 17.5 -4 -1 8 15.6 14.1 -5 3 31 18.7 18.7 -4 -3 Fuels and mining products 15 6.2 6.6 -2 -13 9 15.6 15.8 -2 -8 6 3.5 3.3 -2 -20 Manufactures 170 72.5 74.7 3 1 41 68.7 68.5 6 3 129 73.6 76.9 2 1 Total exports 228 100.0 100.0 0 0 59 100.0 100.0 5 0 168 100.0 100.0 -2 -1 Agricultural products 164 12.6 12.6 -3 3 32 9.8 9.8 -8 6 131 13.5 13.6 -1 2 Fuels and mining products 239 18.6 18.4 -1 -6 96 25.4 29.1 2 0 142 16.3 14.8 -3 -10 ASEAN Manufactures 850 65.2 65.7 4 4 197 63.0 59.5 3 -1 654 65.9 67.8 4 6 Total exports 1295 100.0 100.0 2 2 331 100.0 100.0 2 0 965 100.0 100.0 1 2 3 Imports Indonesia Agricultural products 22 11.5 12.5 3 3 3 6.2 5.6 -28 4 19 13.7 15.2 10 Fuels and mining products 50 23.8 27.9 5 -3 22 40.5 43.1 7 -11 28 17.0 21.9 4 3 Manufactures 105 63.2 58.7 -6 -6 26 53.1 51.0 -1 -2 79 67.3 61.8 -8 -8 Total imports 178 100.0 100.0 -3 -5 51 100.0 100.0 0 -6 127 100.0 100.0 -4 -4 Malaysia Agricultural products 20 9.8 9.7 -7 1 7 15.1 13.0 -18 -3 13 7.8 8.5 1 3 Fuels and mining products 47 15.1 22.5 21 3 17 24.0 32.3 8 -2 30 11.8 19.1 31 6 Manufactures 137 73.3 65.8 2 1 29 59.4 53.0 1 -1 109 78.5 70.2 2 2 Total imports 209 100.0 100.0 5 1 54 100.0 100.0 0 -2 155 100.0 100.0 7 3 Philippines Agricultural products 9 11.7 12.8 -1 21 3 16.7 15.6 -10 46 6 9.7 12.0 2 13 Fuels and mining products 15 20.7 21.8 -5 -5 3 24.9 18.8 -9 4 12 19.1 22.7 -4 -7 Manufactures 44 66.8 65.0 2 4 11 57.9 65.2 -3 11 33 70.2 65.0 3 2 Total imports 68 100.0 100.0 0 4 16 100.0 100.0 -5 14 51 100.0 100.0 1 1 Singapore Agricultural products 15 3.5 4.0 3 2 5 5.8 7.2 -6 3 9 2.8 3.2 8 2 Fuels and mining products 120 27.6 32.8 -5 -2 25 22.1 33.5 1 -6 95 29.3 32.6 -7 -1 Manufactures 225 64.9 61.3 1 -2 43 64.3 57.3 -4 -2 181 65.1 62.4 2 -1 Total imports 366 100.0 100.0 -2 -2 75 100.0 100.0 -2 -3 291 100.0 100.0 -2 -1 Thailand Agricultural products 16 6.6 7.1 -2 -2 3 6.2 6.8 -11 5 13 6.6 7.2 0 -4 Fuels and mining products 56 22.0 24.8 6 -7 14 27.3 31.3 5 0 43 20.8 23.2 7 -10 Manufactures 148 66.8 65.1 -4 -6 27 65.6 61.4 3 -3 122 67.0 66.0 -5 -7 Total imports 228 100.0 100.0 1 -9 43 100.0 100.0 3 -2 185 100.0 100.0 0 -11 ASEAN 58 Agricultural products 103 7.7 8.3 1 5 27 9.6 9.7 -11 7 76 7.1 7.9 7 4 Fuels and mining products 311 22.0 25.2 2 -2 92 27.0 33.0 3 -4 219 20.4 22.9 2 -1 Manufactures 800 67.4 64.8 1 0 156 60.3 56.3 1 0 644 69.6 67.3 2 0 Total imports 1235 100.0 100.0 2 -1 278 100.0 100.0 0 -1 957 100.0 100.0 2 -1 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 6. Least-developed countries Table I.20 Ratio of exports of goods and commercial services to GDP of the least-developed countries, 2014 (Million dollars and percentage) Goods and commercial services GDP LDCs Commercial services Goods 2014 2010 2014 2010 2014 2010 2014 934500 28.7 27.0 25.3 23.1 3.4 4.0 Afghanistan 20842 22.0 ... 2.8 3.3 19.2 ... Angola 131401 62.4 ... 61.3 ... 1.0 ... Bangladesh 173819 19.4 18.2 18.3 17.3 1.1 0.8 Benin 8747 24.8 ... 19.5 22.9 5.3 ... Bhutan 1821 37.1 36.5 32.9 29.4 4.2 7.2 Burkina Faso 12543 20.7 ... 17.7 22.4 2.9 ... Burundi 3094 5.4 ... 5.0 3.9 0.4 ... Cambodia 16709 52.1 68.2 35.0 44.7 17.1 23.5 ... Central African Republic 1783 9.5 ... 7.8 3.6 1.7 Chad 13922 37.6 ... 35.1 26.0 2.6 ... 648 14.7 14.4 4.3 3.4 10.4 11.0 Congo, Dem. Rep. of 32962 42.7 39.9 41.3 39.4 1.4 0.5 Djibouti 1582 19.4 ... 7.0 ... 12.5 ... Equatorial Guinea 14308 115.7 ... 115.4 102.8 0.4 ... Comoros Eritrea 3858 ... ... ... ... ... ... Ethiopia 54798 14.7 11.2 8.3 6.2 6.4 5.0 Guinea 6624 32.3 ... 31.1 30.7 1.3 ... Guinea-Bissau 1022 19.9 ... 14.9 15.9 5.0 ... Haiti 8713 14.6 17.9 8.5 10.5 6.1 7.3 Kiribati 167 11.7 ... 4.4 5.7 7.3 ... 11772 31.1 ... 24.3 22.5 6.8 ... Lao People's Dem. Rep. Lesotho 2088 42.1 ... 40.1 44.3 2.0 ... Liberia, Republic of 2027 21.7 ... 18.7 32.1 3.1 ... Madagascar 10593 24.4 ... 13.4 20.1 11.0 ... Malawi 4258 22.5 36.7 21.1 34.3 1.4 2.4 Mali 12074 25.6 ... 21.8 21.4 3.8 ... Mauritania 5061 50.4 ... 48.0 38.4 2.4 ... Mozambique 16386 28.6 30.7 23.1 23.7 5.5 7.0 Myanmar 62802 15.5 ... 14.8 14.1 0.7 ... Nepal 19636 9.3 9.9 5.6 4.6 3.6 5.3 Niger 8169 22.2 ... 20.1 17.5 2.1 ... Rwanda 7890 9.8 14.5 5.2 7.7 4.6 6.7 Sao Tome and Principe 335 11.9 23.2 5.4 5.2 6.5 18.0 Senegal 15579 24.0 ... 16.7 18.4 7.2 ... Sierra Leone 4892 16.2 ... 14.0 40.3 2.2 ... Solomon Islands 1158 46.7 49.2 33.4 39.8 13.3 9.4 ... Somalia ... ... ... ... ... ... South Sudan 13070 ... ... ... ... ... ... Sudan 73815 17.7 7.9 17.4 5.9 0.3 2.0 Tanzania 49184 20.3 17.6 13.9 10.6 6.4 6.9 The Gambia 807 28.4 42.2 14.7 14.5 13.7 27.6 Timor-Leste 1552 6.2 5.0 2.9 1.5 3.3 3.5 Togo 4518 39.9 ... 30.8 29.2 9.1 ... Tuvalu 38 41.5 ... 31.5 43.2 10.0 ... Uganda 26312 17.0 19.1 11.5 9.9 5.5 9.2 Vanuatu 812 46.0 45.1 7.3 8.2 38.7 36.9 Yemen 43229 29.5 ... 24.7 17.5 4.8 ... Zambia 27066 39.7 40.9 36.9 37.8 2.8 3.1 77868800 28.6 30.5 22.7 24.2 5.9 6.3 I WORLD TRADE DEVELOPMENTS Ratio to GDP Value Memorandum item: World Note: Trade in goods is derived from balance of payments statistics and does not correspond to the merchandise trade statistics given elsewhere in this report. Most 2014 data are preliminary Secretariat estimates. World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 59 Table I.21 Merchandise exports and imports of least-developed countries, 2014 (Million dollars and percentage) Exports Value Imports Annual percentage change Value Annual percentage change 2014 2010-14 2012 2013 2014 2014 2010-14 2012 2013 2014 207236 6 1 4 -2 266134 12 11 9 5 Angola 62400 5 6 -4 -9 28320 14 17 11 8 Equatorial Guinea 12600 6 16 -6 -14 6500 6 15 -7 -7 35 LDCs Oil Exporters a Myanmar 11031 6 -4 27 -2 16226 36 2 31 Yemen 8000 0 -14 0 -4 12940 9 18 0 -3 Sudan 4350 -21 -60 18 -9 9211 -2 0 7 -7 Chad 3600 0 -8 -14 -5 4300 16 6 14 8 Bhutan 555 -4 -21 2 2 810 -1 -5 -8 -11 South Sudan … … … … … … … … … … Bangladesh 30405 12 3 16 4 42268 11 -6 9 14 Cambodia 10800 20 17 18 17 13500 19 22 13 5 Madagascar 2126 17 -5 27 11 3259 6 6 5 0 Lesotho 925 1 -17 -13 9 2208 -1 4 -15 0 Haiti 917 12 6 9 4 3600 3 5 7 6 Nepal 889 1 -1 -4 1 7561 10 5 8 15 Samoa 72 1 15 -18 16 390 6 0 6 6 Exporters of manufactures Exporters of agriculture Ethiopia 4437 17 1 41 9 18987 22 34 25 27 Burkina Faso 2489 12 -9 8 6 3730 16 33 22 -4 Uganda 2274 9 9 2 -6 5874 6 7 -4 1 Benin 2010 12 2 30 8 2481 5 10 32 -20 Malawi 1374 7 -17 2 14 2973 8 -3 21 5 Togo 1350 8 11 16 -11 2800 14 9 12 5 Rwanda 736 25 27 19 5 2457 14 13 0 7 Afghanistan 571 10 14 20 11 7729 11 39 -4 -11 Somalia 510 3 4 -4 -2 1300 12 0 8 0 Solomon Islands 450 19 20 -10 0 509 6 4 7 -2 Guinea-Bissau 162 6 -46 8 16 228 4 -25 0 27 Burundi 125 5 8 -30 33 769 11 0 8 -5 The Gambia 108 12 25 -11 2 370 7 12 -8 6 Central African Republic 90 -10 5 -25 -40 255 -4 3 -22 2 Vanuatu 63 7 -19 -30 63 311 2 -3 6 -1 Comoros 25 5 -24 1 29 275 4 -1 4 -3 Sao Tome and Principe 17 12 10 6 33 170 11 -2 16 12 Kiribati 5 9 -32 15 -19 95 7 18 -11 -2 -6 Exporters of non-fuel minerals Zambia 9696 8 4 13 -8 9545 16 23 15 Congo, Dem. Rep. of 6900 7 -5 -2 11 6600 10 11 3 5 Mozambique 4725 12 7 4 17 8747 17 38 16 -13 Tanzania 4645 3 17 -20 5 12390 12 5 7 2 Lao People's Dem. Rep. 2650 11 4 0 17 3300 12 27 -1 9 Mali 2100 1 10 -10 -10 3977 4 3 10 5 Mauritania 1946 -2 -4 0 -27 2666 8 27 -3 -12 Sierra Leone 1886 53 221 71 -2 1489 18 -7 11 -16 Niger 1500 7 16 10 -6 2250 -2 -13 6 11 Guinea 1400 -1 -9 0 8 2032 10 7 -7 -3 Eritrea 766 177 12 -31 132 1127 14 2 6 9 Others Senegal 2812 7 0 5 5 6639 9 9 3 0 Liberia, Republic of 583 27 25 22 4 1046 10 -4 14 -9 Djibouti 139 13 27 1 16 970 27 11 27 35 Timor-Leste 20 5 133 -48 25 940 40 108 27 12 Tuvalu 0 0 0 0 0 12 -7 20 -53 -14 19002190 6 1 2 0 19091075 5 1 2 0 Memorandum item: World b a Bhutan is included for its exports of electric current. b Includes significant re-exports or imports for re-export. Note : Data for 2014 are largely estimated. 60 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Table I.22 Imports of agricultural products, fuels and manufactures of the European Union (28), Asia and North America from the leastdeveloped countries, 2014 (Million dollars and percentage) European Union (28) Asia a 2014 2013 2014 Value Annual percentage change Value Annual percentage change 2014 2013 2014 2013 2014 2014 A. Agricultural products Total LDCs 5761 1 11 Total LDCs 12302 9 9 Total LDCs 856 Ethiopia 653 -11 6 Myanmar 3014 Uganda 574 2 4 Lao People's Dem. Rep. 1428 4 7 16 -4 Ethiopia 135 5 9 45 87 Liberia, Republic of 108 -30 -13 49 Bangladesh 571 17 16 Uganda 854 10 4 Madagascar 106 17 Tanzania 518 2 7 Mozambique 650 36 32 Malawi 69 13 -6 Madagascar 469 17 7 Ethiopia 641 11 29 Bangladesh 67 13 -32 127 Malawi 466 -14 50 Cambodia 523 27 11 Myanmar 62 … Senegal 418 5 22 Solomon Islands 519 0 8 Tanzania 51 -17 18 Mozambique 404 3 22 Benin 481 -21 26 Uganda 37 31 -16 22 Mauritania 297 5 37 Bangladesh 468 -3 -5 Haiti 37 7 Cambodia 230 105 -8 Afghanistan 436 100 8 Mozambique 27 39 -5 Myanmar 144 72 93 Burkina Faso 319 12 -20 Rwanda 26 -26 15 Others (37) 1018 -12 -7 Others (37) 2970 -6 0 Others (37) 130 21 13 I WORLD TRADE DEVELOPMENTS Value Annual percentage change North America B. Fuels and mining products Total LDCs 20519 16 -7 Total LDCs 80914 -2 -10 Total LDCs 9933 -17 -30 Angola 11187 36 -3 Angola 37839 -8 -13 Angola 6771 -12 -34 Equatorial Guinea 4278 -19 -14 Sudan 11397 -3 0 Chad 2318 -12 -5 Mozambique 1513 15 -11 Equatorial Guinea 5838 -1 0 Madagascar 147 90 1 Congo, Dem. Rep. of 1112 148 -9 Yemen 5779 9 -30 Congo, Dem. Rep. of 129 … 140 Guinea 478 -9 2 Myanmar 5773 20 26 Guinea 122 -19 -8 Mauritania 419 -22 -5 Zambia 3232 8 -13 Equatorial Guinea 122 -62 -84 -25 Sudan 300 -3 0 Congo, Dem. Rep. of 2927 -21 -2 Mauritania 98 … Madagascar 265 … 118 Lao People's Dem. Rep. 1701 5 -1 Mozambique 44 118 25 Others (40) 967 35 -27 Others (40) 6429 34 -15 Others (40) 181 -32 -13 C. Manufactures Total LDCs 28470 17 13 Total LDCs 21241 25 160 12176 7 2 Bangladesh 19154 15 14 Myanmar 13570 78 460 Total LDCs Bangladesh 6506 9 -1 Cambodia 4756 30 25 Bangladesh 2913 23 0 Cambodia 3669 4 5 Angola 679 2 19 Cambodia 1862 40 26 Haiti 921 10 7 Niger 515 43 -35 Mozambique 1047 109 … Lesotho 368 12 2 Madagascar 500 18 -2 Nepal 404 17 44 Equatorial Guinea 121 21 -3 Myanmar 418 42 73 Lao People's Dem. Rep. 308 -2 94 Nepal 93 -7 7 Equatorial Guinea 405 -17 4 Angola 165 -77 158 Malawi 63 21 -54 Lesotho 332 -9 27 Senegal 137 -70 35 Myanmar 51 253 201 Liberia, Republic of 276 102 -21 Bhutan 129 -9 -4 Madagascar 49 -34 16 Lao People's Dem. Rep. 240 9 -8 Ethiopia 122 34 18 Tanzania 43 -35 36 Congo, Dem. Rep. of 183 -4 -15 Zambia 115 -54 … Lao People's Dem. Rep. 43 21 10 Sierra Leone 174 15 5 Tanzania 83 -11 31 Ethiopia 43 71 24 Ethiopia 134 11 -13 Madagascar 64 36 3 Zambia 35 -37 76 Others (35) 705 7 21 Others (35) 321 9 -9 Others (35) 171 -29 30 a Australia, China, Hong Kong, China; India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Republic of; Malaysia, New Zealand, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Chinese Taipei and Thailand. World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 61 Table I.23 Exports of commercial services of the least-developed countries by category, 2014 (Million dollars and percentage) Share in commercial services Value Commercial services Least-developed countries Afghanistan Angola Bangladesh Benin Bhutan Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Central African Republic Chad Comoros Congo, Dem. Rep. of Djibouti Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Guinea Guinea-Bissau Haiti Kiribati Lao People's Dem. Rep. Lesotho Liberia, Republic of Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Niger Rwanda Sao Tome and Principe Senegal Sierra Leone Solomon Islands Somalia South Sudan Sudan Tanzania The Gambia Timor-Leste Togo Tuvalu Uganda Vanuatu Yemen Zambia Goods-related services Transport Other commercial services Travel 2014 2010 2014 2010 2014 2010 2014 2010 2014 37100 ... ... 1431 ... 131 ... ... 3923 ... ... 71 163 ... ... ... 2740 ... ... 640 ... ... ... ... ... 101 ... ... 1154 ... 1043 ... 532 60 ... ... 109 ... ... 1462 3407 223 54 ... ... 2415 300 ... 851 0.5 0.0 ... 3.0 0.0 ... 0.2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 17.2 ... 0.0 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.0 ... ... ... ... ... 1.2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 18.5 7.3 5.0 14.0 29.1 35.3 16.5 10.2 13.8 ... ... 8.1 30.5 81.7 ... ... 61.6 6.3 0.7 ... 21.2 11.4 8.3 55.7 31.3 42.8 2.0 6.8 26.0 43.9 6.8 0.7 11.4 1.3 4.9 44.7 36.0 ... ... 2.2 22.3 28.9 2.6 45.1 9.1 4.1 11.6 13.0 7.8 21.2 ... ... ... ... 27.6 ... ... 10.6 ... ... ... 80.8 ... ... ... 80.0 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 21.7 ... ... 46.4 ... ... ... ... 0.2 ... ... 20.4 ... ... 23.6 26.0 ... 1.7 ... ... 8.4 ... ... 7.2 47.6 1.8 83.9 6.6 42.9 60.0 27.3 24.2 79.2 ... ... 63.3 3.7 12.8 ... ... 27.3 3.4 31.2 95.3 39.4 78.1 56.7 31.1 31.9 42.4 57.5 ... 35.4 21.3 59.0 88.5 77.8 85.5 48.4 45.7 48.7 ... ... 38.8 62.7 56.4 78.1 22.7 73.7 75.9 80.1 78.9 86.1 47.7 ... ... ... ... 68.4 ... ... 75.2 ... ... ... 0.2 ... ... ... 12.8 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 33.9 ... ... 21.7 ... 45.3 ... ... 79.9 ... ... 51.2 ... ... 66.1 59.0 ... 64.7 ... ... 56.3 ... ... 75.4 33.3 90.8 11.1 76.3 28.0 4.6 56.1 65.6 7.0 ... ... 28.6 65.8 5.5 ... ... 11.1 90.3 68.0 4.7 39.4 10.5 35.0 13.1 36.8 14.7 40.4 ... 38.5 17.6 34.2 10.8 10.9 13.2 46.7 9.6 15.4 ... ... 59.0 15.1 14.8 19.3 32.2 17.2 20.1 8.3 8.0 6.0 29.9 ... ... ... ... 4.0 ... ... 14.1 ... ... ... 19.0 ... ... ... 7.2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 44.6 ... ... 31.9 ... ... ... ... 20.0 ... ... 28.4 ... ... 10.2 15.0 ... 33.6 ... ... 35.3 ... ... 17.4 4939600 3 3 21 19 25 25 51 52 Memorandum item: World Note: Most 2014 data are preliminary Secretariat estimates. 62 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 7. Foreign affiliates trade in services Table I.24 Sales by affiliates of foreign companies - resident affiliates primarily engaged in services activities (inward FATS), 2010-2012 (Billion dollars and percentage) Annual percentage change 2010 2011 2012 2008-2012 2010 2011 2012 Austria 46.4 52.6 50.1 0 -3 14 -5 Belgium Bulgaria a China b Costa Rica b, c Croatia a 106.3 5.3 134.0 ... 4.7 75.9 6.1 ... ... ... 74.6 6.1 ... 2.6 4.0 … 0 … … -4 … 1 … … … -29 15 … … … -2 1 … … … Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark a Estonia a Finland 1.1 42.0 36.7 2.5 17.8 1.5 44.1 39.3 2.9 20.7 1.4 40.5 35.4 2.8 20.7 20 … -4 -1 -1 19 0 1 -2 -5 38 5 7 15 17 -10 -8 -10 -1 0 France Germany 223.3 251.6 229.4 281.8 208.2 293.7 -4 -3 -7 1 3 12 -9 4 Greece Hong Kong, China b, d Hungary ... 143.9 26.9 ... 155.4 30.8 9.8 167.9 27.8 … 5 -4 … 1 -8 … 8 15 … 8 -10 India b, e, f Ireland a 8.7 61.1 ... 79.5 ... 79.8 … 9 … 0 … 30 … 0 Israel a, e Italy a 11.9 111.7 13.0 119.4 ... 110.5 … -3 9 1 9 7 … -7 Japan b, c, f, g Latvia Lithuania 86.2 3.3 3.6 85.6 4.0 4.5 … 4.1 4.7 … 3 -1 … 6 -3 -1 20 27 … 3 4 Luxembourg a, h 10.9 | Malta a, i Netherlands New Zealand b, f Norway a Poland a Portugal Romania Serbia a ... 101.7 ... 36.3 34.3 26.1 19.5 | ... 13.4 1.1 113.3 5.8 39.5 39.0 23.5 19.3 3.7 14.5 1.3 103.8 ... 42.1 36.3 19.0 19.5 3.0 … 7 -1 … 1 0 -10 … … 31 … 7 … 16 21 -4 -4 … … … 11 … 9 14 -10 … … 8 21 -8 … 7 -7 -19 1 -19 Slovak Republic a Slovenia Spain Sweden a Thailand b, c United Kingdom a United States b, c Viet Nam b, c Zambia b, c 9.1 2.8 | 111.7 59.2 22.2 315.7 735.8 4.4 ... 10.6 3.4 117.0 69.1 35.6 360.6 761.5 7.4 1.3 10.3 3.2 103.5 69.9 20.3 379.8 764.9 ... 1.2 3 … -3 2 … 0 -3 … … 10 6 -2 12 … -1 -2 -6 … 17 … 5 17 61 14 3 69 … -2 -7 -12 1 -43 5 0 … -4 Memorandum item: European Union a Extra-EU a, j 1371.8 431.5 1549.5 643.3 1520.0 672.5 … … … … 13 49 -2 5 I WORLD TRADE DEVELOPMENTS Value Excluding wholesale and retail trade as well as repair activities. Unless otherwise specified: - all or a large part of financial service activities are excluded; - insurance activities and/or activities auxiliary to financial and insurance activities are included; - all or a large part of community, social and personal services activities are excluded. * Data for 2010 for China refer to 2008. Data for 2010 for India refer to 2009. Data for 2012 for Costa Rica refer to 2013. a Insurance activities and activities auxiliary to financial and insurance activities are not covered. b Financial service activities are included. c Community, social and personal services activities are included. d Includes other income. e Output instead of sales. f Fiscal year as reference period. g No estimation for non-response. Real estate activities are not covered. h Excludes real estate and administrative activities up to 2010. i Accomodation and food services excluded in 2011. j It refers to the sales by foreign affiliates which are established in the EU (28) and controlled by non-EU (27) entities, as made available by Eurostat as of the cut-off date. Note : Given the recent development of this statistical framework, comparability and coverage of data may not always be complete. See the Metadata. World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 63 Table I.25 Sales by foreign affiliates of resident companies - affiliates located abroad primarily engaged in services activities (outward FATS), 2010-2012 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value Annual percentage change 2010 2011 2012 2008-2012 2010 2011 2012 23.3 ... ... … … … … 37.2 38.2 37.2 0 8 3 -3 23.3 24.5 28.0 … -12 5 14 Canada c, d, e 136.3 | 150.2 148.1 … 12 10 -1 Costa Rica f ... ... 0.1 … … … … . Australia a Austria Belgium b . Cyprus 3.1 3.5 3.3 -9 9 15 -5 Czech Republic 0.4 0.3 0.2 -24 -12 -23 -28 Finland 30.1 22.7 23.1 3 32 -25 2 France 423.9 465.1 456.4 … 6 10 -2 Germany . 522.1 573.8 528.8 0 7 10 -8 Greece 3.0 4.1 4.4 … … 36 8 Hungary 2.3 3.3 2.5 -6 -31 41 -24 … 3.4 3.7 ... … -6 8 Italy Israel b, g, h, i 179.4 188.8 184.5 3 -5 5 -2 Japan j 41.2 37.9 … 28 -16 -8 … Korea, Republic of g, i, k . 20.9 ... ... … … … … Latvia . 0.4 1.1 0.5 … -22 213 -57 Lithuania d 0.2 0.6 0.4 29 38 174 -35 . 3.6 4.1 6.3 … 51 12 55 ... ... 0.2 -12 … … … Norway . 29.4 36.7 41.3 … -8 25 12 Poland . 21 Luxembourg l Malta l 2.4 2.9 3.5 … -58 22 Portugal 18.2 20.2 19.0 … … 11 -6 Slovak Republic 0.3 0.4 0.2 -14 10 49 -46 Slovenia . 1.1 1.2 1.1 … … 9 -9 Spain . 164.7 211.4 182.5 … 6 28 -14 91.7 68.8 74.7 -11 -1 -25 8 . 703.9 699.9 781.0 … … -1 12 1086.6 1154.0 1200.9 … 1 6 4 1228.7 1296.9 1355.6 … … 6 5 Sweden United Kingdom d United States m Memorandum item: Extra - EU n . Excluding wholesale and retail trade and repair activities. a Refers to fiscal year 2009. Financial and insurance affiliates only. b Classified under services according to activity of parent company. c Financial service activities are excluded. d Branches are excluded. e Part of professional, scientific and technical activities excluded starting in 2011. f Refers to 2013. g Financial intermediation activities are excluded. h Refers to output. i Part or all community, social and personal services are not covered. j Also includes affiliates foreign owned by more than 10 per cent. Fiscal year as reference period. Excludes affiliates of mother companies active in finance, insurance and real estate. No estimation for non-response. k Refers to 2009. Also includes affiliates in which a Korean corporation has invested capital of 10% or more. No estimation for non-response. l Includes wholesale and retail trade and repair activities. m Secretariat estimate for 2010. n It refers to the sales of affiliates which are established outside the EU (28) and controlled by EU (27) entities, as made available by Eurostat as of the cut-off date. Note : Given the recent development of this statistical framework, comparability and coverage of data may not always be complete. See the Metadata. 64 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Table I.26 Services supplied by United States affiliates established abroad (outward FATS) and by foreign affiliates in the United States (inward FATS) by economy of affiliate, 2012 (Million dollars and percentage) Supply of services abroad Share Annual percentage change 2012 2012 2005-12 2011 Value 2012 Share Annual percentage change 2012 2012 2005-12 2011 2012 WL World 1292992 100.0 7 8 4 World 793130 100.0 6 12 3 1 European Union (27) 554676 42.9 5 7 1 European Union (27) 426113 53.7 5 8 3 2 Canada 127472 9.9 7 7 1 Japan 107609 13.6 4 8 6 3 Japan 77586 6.0 5 9 3 Canada 80947 10.2 7 15 0 4 Switzerland 62700 4.8 7 -1 2 Switzerland 61149 7.7 11 7 4 5 Australia 54271 4.2 11 11 8 Australia 17892 2.3 22 43 -6 876705 67.8 - - - 693710 87.5 - - - 53192 4.1 17 23 6 14157 1.8 33 25 11 Above 5 6 Singapore Above 5 Korea, Republic of 7 Mexico 40722 3.1 6 9 8 Bermuda 13559 1.7 … 31 0 8 China 39068 3.0 25 20 12 India 10098 1.3 26 33 2 9 Brazil 38678 3.0 10 25 3 Singapore 8638 1.1 26 46 -2 10 Hong Kong, China 32923 2.5 7 6 0 Mexico 6524 0.8 12 29 13 11 India 17818 1.4 20 13 10 Hong Kong, China 4881 0.6 11 29 15 12 Bermuda 16689 1.3 12 -4 20 British Virgin Islands 3489 0.4 … 14 15 13 Korea, Republic of 12222 0.9 7 10 1 Chinese Taipei 3187 0.4 -2 38 -4 14 British Virgin Islands 11934 0.9 … 9 10 Israel 2939 0.4 13 56 15 2707 0.3 … 22 -8 763889 96.3 - - - 15 Chile 11520 0.9 … 18 15 Above 15 1151471 89.1 - - - United Arab Emirates Above 15 I WORLD TRADE DEVELOPMENTS Value Supply of services in the United States Note: This information refers to supply of services products to foreigners by United States owned affiliates and supply of services products to United States persons by affiliates foreign owned. This differs from the FATS data presented for the United States in the tables I.24 and I.25 which refer to sales of foreign affiliates operating in the services sector. For instance the latter include sales of goods of foreign affiliates whose primary activity is classified as a service industry but not the supply of services of those whose primary activity is classified as a manufacturing industry. World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 65 II. Merchandise trade II MERCHANDISE TRADE Where to find more online: World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 you can access and download the Excel files for the tables via www.wto.org/statistics 67 List of tables II. Merchandise trade by product 1. Overview Table II.1 World merchandise exports by major product group, 2014 71 Table II.2 World merchandise exports by major product group and region, 2014 72 Table II.3Share of agricultural products in trade in total merchandise and in primary products by region, 2014 73 Table II.4Share of fuels and mining products in trade in total merchandise and in primary products by region, 2014 73 Table II.5 Share of fuels in trade in total merchandise and in primary products by region, 2014 73 Table II.6 Share of manufactures in total merchandise trade by region, 2014 73 Table II.7 Share of iron and steel in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2014 74 Table II.8 Share of chemicals in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2014 74 Table II.9Share of office and telecom equipment in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2014 74 Table II.10Share of automotive products in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2014 74 Table II.11 Share of textiles in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2014 75 Table II.12 Share of clothing in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2014 75 2. Agricultural products Table II.13 Exports of agricultural products of regions by destination, 2014 76 Table II.14 Leading exporters and importers of agricultural products, 2014 77 Table II.15 Exports of agricultural products of selected economies, 1990-2014 78 Table II.16 Imports of agricultural products of selected economies, 1990-2014 79 Table II.17 Exports of food of regions by destination, 2014 80 Table II.18 Leading exporters and importers of food, 2014 81 Table II.19 Exports of food of selected economies, 1990-2014 82 Table II.20 Imports of food of selected economies, 1990-2014 83 2.1 Food 3. Fuels and mining products Table II.21 Exports of fuels and mining products of regions by destination, 2014 84 3.1 Fuels 68 Table II.22Imports of fuels of selected regions and economies from the Middle East, 2010 and 2014 85 Table II.23 Exports of fuels of selected economies, 1990-2014 86 Table II.24 Imports of fuels of selected economies, 1990-2014 87 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 4. Manufactures Table II.25 Exports of manufactures of regions by destination, 2014 88 Table II.26Trade in manufactures of the United States, the European Union (28) and China by origin and destination, 2014 89 Table II.27 Leading exporters and importers of manufactures, 2014 90 Table II.28 Exports of manufactures of selected economies, 1990-2014 91 Table II.29 Imports of manufactures of selected economies, 1990-2014 92 4.1 Iron and steel Table II.30 Exports of iron and steel of selected regions and economies by destination, 2014 93 Table II.31 Leading exporters and importers of iron and steel, 2014 94 4.2 Chemicals Table II.32 Exports of chemicals of selected regions and economies by destination, 2014 95 Table II.33 Leading exporters and importers of chemicals, 2014 96 Table II.34 Leading exporters and importers of pharmaceuticals, 2014 97 4.3 Office and telecom equipment 98 Table II.36 Leading exporters and importers of office and telecom equipment, 2014 99 Table II.37 Exports of office and telecom equipment of selected economies, 1990-2014 100 Table II.38 Imports of office and telecom equipment of selected economies, 1990-2014 101 4.3.1 EDP equipment Table II.39 Leading exporters and importers of EDP and office equipment, 2014 102 Table II.40 Exports of EDP and office equipment of selected economies, 1990-2014 103 Table II.41 Imports of EDP and office equipment of selected economies, 1990-2014 104 II MERCHANDISE TRADE Table II.35Exports of office and telecom equipment of selected regions and economies by destination, 2014 4.3.2 Telecommunications equipment Table II.42 Leading exporters and importers of telecommunications equipment, 2014 105 Table II.43 Exports of telecommunications equipment of selected economies, 1990-2014 106 Table II.44 Imports of telecommunications equipment of selected economies , 1990-2014 107 4.3.3 Integrated circuits and electronic components Table II.45Leading exporters and importers of integrated circuits and electronic components, 2014 108 Table II.46Exports of integrated circuits and electronic components of selected economies, 1990-2014 109 Table II.47Imports of integrated circuits and electronic components of selected economies, 1990-2014 110 4.4 Automotive products Table II.48Exports of automotive products of selected regions and economies by destination, 2014 111 Table II.49 Leading exporters and importers of automotive products, 2014 112 Table II.50 Exports of automotive products of selected economies, 1990-2014 113 Table II.51 Imports of automotive products of selected economies, 1990-2014 114 World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 69 4.5 Textiles Table II.52 Textile exports of selected regions and economies by destination, 2014 115 Table II.53 Leading exporters and importers of textiles, 2014 116 Table II.54 Textile exports of selected economies, 1990-2014 117 Table II.55 Textile imports of selected economies, 1990-2014 118 Table II.56 Clothing exports of selected regions and economies by destination, 2014 119 Table II.57 Leading exporters and importers of clothing, 2014 120 Table II.58 Clothing exports of selected economies, 1990-2014 121 Table II.59 Clothing imports of selected economies, 1990-2014 122 4.6 Clothing 70 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 1. Overview Table II.1 World merchandise exports by major product group, 2014 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value Share Annual percentage change in world merchandise 1980-85 1985-90 1990-95 1995-00 2000-05 2010-14 trade 2014 2012 2013 2014 Agricultural products 1765 9.5 -2 9 7 -1 9 7 -1 5 2 Fuels and mining products 3789 20.5 -5 3 2 10 16 6 2 -3 -6 Fuels 3068 16.6 -5 0 1 12 17 7 5 -3 -7 Manufactures 12243 66.2 2 15 9 5 9 5 0 3 4 472 2.6 -2 9 8 -2 17 3 -8 -7 5 Iron and steel Chemicals 2054 11.1 1 14 10 4 14 5 -2 2 3 Office and telecom equipment 1794 9.7 9 18 15 10 6 3 0 4 2 Automotive products 1395 7.5 5 14 8 5 10 6 1 3 4 Textiles 314 1.7 -1 15 8 0 6 6 -4 7 3 Clothing 2.6 4 18 8 5 7 8 0 10 5 1454 7.9 - - - - 10 7 1 5 1 Non-agricultural goods (NAMA) 16850 91.1 - - - - 10 5 0 2 1 a. See metadata (Chapter V, Section 2.1.2) for the definition of Agricultural products (AoA). World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics II MERCHANDISE TRADE 483 Agricultural products (AoA) a 71 Table II.2 World merchandise exports by major product group and region, 2014 (Billion dollars and percentage) Agricultural products Fuels and mining products Total 72 Manufactures Fuels Total Iron and steel Chemicals Office and telecom equipment Automotive products Textiles Clothing World 1765 3789 3068 12243 472 2054 1794 1395 314 483 Share in total exports 9.5 20.5 16.6 66.2 2.6 11.1 9.7 7.5 1.7 2.6 Annual percentage change 2010-14 20 20 20 14 10 17 9 11 12 15 2013 2014 5 2 -3 -6 -3 -7 3 4 -7 5 2 3 4 2 3 4 7 3 10 5 North America 277 415 326 1685 33 265 219 291 19 12 Share in total exports 11.1 16.7 13.1 67.6 1.3 10.6 8.8 11.7 0.8 0.5 Annual percentage change 2010-14 2013 2014 19 3 4 23 1 2 26 4 3 11 2 4 12 -3 2 14 1 1 6 0 3 11 3 5 2 3 3 -4 3 4 South and Central America 212 277 172 177 17 44 5 21 4 13 Share in total exports 30.6 39.9 24.8 25.5 2.5 6.3 0.8 3.1 0.6 1.9 Annual percentage change 2010-14 2013 2014 24 5 -2 18 -7 -7 16 -9 -6 8 1 -8 2 -17 7 17 -5 -5 -7 4 -7 6 10 -24 6 -1 -3 -3 -5 0 Europe 719 759 555 5096 185 1112 359 718 89 147 Share in total exports 10.6 11.1 8.1 74.8 2.7 16.3 5.3 10.5 1.3 2.2 Annual percentage change 2010-14 2013 2014 16 8 1 16 -3 -7 17 -2 -9 10 4 4 5 -6 0 14 3 3 -1 -2 2 9 7 6 3 4 4 10 8 7 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 68 486 438 165 43 44 3 7 5 3 Share in total exports 9.2 66.1 59.6 22.4 5.9 6.0 0.4 1.0 0.7 0.4 Annual percentage change 2010-14 2013 2014 28 -1 2 22 0 -6 23 2 -9 16 -9 -3 6 -16 2 23 -16 4 35 4 -32 14 -2 -24 30 18 37 13 12 -5 Africa 64 349 298 118 9 24 5 12 3 11 Share in total exports 11.5 62.9 53.6 21.3 1.6 4.3 0.9 2.1 0.6 1.9 Annual percentage change 2010-14 2013 2014 22 7 3 14 -9 -12 12 -11 -13 17 7 2 3 -2 2 25 5 3 25 3 35 21 6 2 16 8 2 4 5 4 Middle East 30 836 815 266 6 91 17 11 6 9 Share in total exports 2.3 64.9 63.3 20.7 0.5 7.1 1.3 0.9 0.5 0.7 Annual percentage change 2010-14 2013 2014 16 10 0 21 -4 -7 21 -4 -7 26 3 2 22 -23 3 32 -4 3 19 17 3 25 0 8 12 17 -9 23 27 -24 Asia 396 666 465 4735 178 474 1186 334 188 290 Share in total exports 6.7 11.3 7.9 80.0 3.0 8.0 20.0 5.6 3.2 4.9 Annual percentage change 2010-14 2013 2014 26 2 2 27 0 -4 27 -1 -4 20 3 4 21 -6 13 23 2 4 14 7 3 14 -2 1 18 9 3 21 11 6 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Table II.3 Table II.4 Share of agricultural products in trade in total merchandise and in primary products by region, 2014 Share of fuels and mining products in trade in total merchandise and in primary products by region, 2014 (Percentage) (Percentage) Exports Exports Imports Imports Share in total merchandise Share in total merchandise World 9.5 9.5 World 20.5 20.5 North America 11.1 6.9 North America 16.7 15.8 South and Central America 30.6 9.4 South and Central America 39.9 22.7 Europe 10.6 10.5 Europe 11.1 18.1 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 9.2 12.0 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 66.1 11.1 Africa 11.5 15.6 Africa 62.9 17.5 Middle East 2.3 12.2 Middle East 64.9 11.0 Asia 6.7 9.0 Asia 11.3 27.5 Share in primary products Share in primary products 31.8 31.8 World 68.2 68.2 North America 40.0 30.3 North America 60.0 69.7 South and Central America 43.3 29.3 South and Central America 56.7 70.7 Europe 48.7 36.7 Europe 51.3 63.3 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 12.2 52.0 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 87.8 48.0 Africa 15.4 47.1 Africa 84.6 52.9 Middle East 3.4 52.5 Middle East 96.6 47.5 Asia 37.3 24.7 Asia 62.7 75.3 Note: Import shares are derived from the Secretariat's network of world merchandise trade by product and region. Note: Import shares are derived from the Secretariat's network of world merchandise trade by product and region. Table II.5 Table II.6 Share of fuels in trade in total merchandise and in primary products by region, 2014 Share of manufactures in total merchandise trade by region, 2014 (Percentage) (Percentage) Exports Imports Share in total merchandise Exports Imports World 66.2 66.2 North America 67.6 75.0 South and Central America 25.5 65.3 Europe 74.8 68.5 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 22.4 75.6 21.3 63.6 II MERCHANDISE TRADE World Share in total merchandise World 16.6 16.6 North America 13.1 13.4 South and Central America 24.8 20.8 Europe 8.1 14.5 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 59.6 8.8 Africa 53.6 15.5 Middle East 63.3 8.9 Africa Asia 7.9 21.4 Middle East 20.7 72.1 Asia 80.0 59.9 Share in primary products World 55.2 55.2 North America 47.1 59.0 South and Central America 35.1 64.7 Europe 37.5 50.4 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 79.1 38.1 Africa 72.1 46.6 Middle East 94.2 38.4 Asia 43.8 58.6 Note: Import shares are derived from the Secretariat's network of world merchandise trade by product and region. Note: Import shares are derived from the Secretariat's network of world merchandise trade by product and region. World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 73 Table II.7 Table II.8 Share of iron and steel in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2014 Share of chemicals in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2014 (Percentage) (Percentage) Exports Imports World 2.6 2.6 North America 1.3 2.4 South and Central America 2.5 Europe Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Exports Imports World 11.1 11.1 North America 10.6 9.2 2.6 South and Central America 6.3 14.4 2.7 2.6 Europe 16.3 13.8 5.9 3.8 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 6.0 12.2 Africa 1.6 3.7 Africa 4.3 9.9 Middle East 0.5 3.8 Middle East 7.1 7.7 Asia 3.0 2.2 Asia 8.0 9.4 Share in total merchandise Share in total merchandise Share in manufactures Share in manufactures World 3.9 3.9 North America 1.9 3.1 South and Central America 9.7 4.0 Europe 3.6 3.9 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 26.3 5.0 Africa 7.5 5.8 Middle East 2.4 5.3 Asia 3.8 3.7 Note: Import shares are derived from the Secretariat's network of world merchandise trade by product and region. 16.8 16.8 North America 15.7 12.3 South and Central America 24.7 22.1 Europe 21.8 20.2 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 26.9 16.2 Africa 20.0 15.5 Middle East 34.1 10.7 Asia 10.0 15.7 Note: Import shares are derived from the Secretariat's network of world merchandise trade by product and region. Table II.9 Table II.10 Share of office and telecom equipment in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2014 Share of automotive products in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2014 (Percentage) (Percentage) Exports Imports Share in total merchandise Exports Imports Share in total merchandise World 9.7 9.7 World 7.5 7.5 North America 8.8 12.1 North America 11.7 12.2 South and Central America 0.8 6.1 South and Central America 3.1 7.8 Europe 5.3 7.4 Europe 10.5 8.2 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 0.4 4.8 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 1.0 9.3 Africa 0.9 3.8 Africa 2.1 7.9 Middle East 1.3 6.5 Middle East 0.9 9.7 Asia 20.0 13.8 Asia 5.6 3.9 Australia, Japan and New Zealand 7.1 10.6 Australia, Japan and New Zealand 15.4 5.0 Other Asia 22.6 14.6 Other Asia 3.7 3.6 World 14.7 14.7 North America 13.0 16.2 South and Central America 3.0 9.4 Europe 7.1 10.8 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 1.7 6.4 Africa 4.1 6.0 Middle East 6.4 9.1 Asia 25.0 23.1 Australia, Japan and New Zealand 10.8 18.3 Other Asia 27.3 24.2 Share in manufactures Share in manufactures Note: Import shares are derived from the Secretariat's network of world merchandise trade by product and region. 74 World World 11.4 11.4 North America 17.3 16.3 South and Central America 12.0 11.9 Europe 14.1 12.0 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 4.4 12.4 Africa 9.8 12.4 Middle East 4.3 13.4 Asia 7.0 6.5 Australia, Japan and New Zealand 23.3 8.7 Other Asia 4.5 6.0 Note: Import shares are derived from the Secretariat's network of world merchandise trade by product and region. Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Table II.11 Table II.12 Share of textiles in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2014 Share of clothing in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2014 (Percentage) (Percentage) Exports Imports Share in total merchandise Exports Imports Share in total merchandise World 1.7 1.7 World 2.6 2.6 North America 0.8 1.3 North America 0.5 3.3 South and Central America 0.6 2.4 South and Central America 1.9 2.0 Europe 1.3 1.5 Europe 2.2 3.2 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 0.7 2.7 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 0.4 4.9 Africa 0.6 3.5 Africa 1.9 2.1 Middle East 0.5 2.2 Middle East 0.7 2.8 Asia 3.2 1.8 Asia 4.9 1.4 Australia, Japan and New Zealand 0.7 1.3 Australia, Japan and New Zealand 0.1 3.7 Other Asia 3.7 1.9 Other Asia 5.8 0.9 Share in manufactures Share in manufactures 2.6 2.6 World 3.9 3.9 North America 1.1 1.8 North America 0.7 4.4 South and Central America 2.2 3.7 South and Central America 7.3 3.0 Europe 1.7 2.1 Europe 2.9 4.7 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 3.2 3.6 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 1.7 6.5 Africa 2.9 5.5 Africa 9.0 3.2 Middle East 2.2 3.1 Middle East 3.3 3.9 Asia 4.0 3.0 Asia 6.1 2.3 Australia, Japan and New Zealand 1.1 2.3 Australia, Japan and New Zealand 0.2 6.3 Other Asia 4.4 3.1 Other Asia 7.0 1.5 Note: Import shares are derived from the Secretariat's network of world merchandise trade by product Note: Import shares are derived from the Secretariat's network of world merchandise trade by product and region. and region. World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics II MERCHANDISE TRADE World 75 2. Agricultural products Table II.13 Exports of agricultural products of regions by destination, 2014 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value 76 Share in region's exports Share in world exports Annual percentage change 2014 2010 2014 2010 2014 2010-14 2013 2014 World 1765 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 7 5 2 Europe World Europe Asia North America Africa Middle East Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) South and Central America 719 546 55 31 30 25 22 8 100.0 78.7 6.2 4.0 3.6 2.7 3.5 1.0 100.0 75.9 7.6 4.4 4.2 3.5 3.1 1.1 41.8 32.9 2.6 1.7 1.5 1.1 1.5 0.4 40.8 30.9 3.1 1.8 1.7 1.4 1.3 0.4 6 5 11 8 10 13 3 8 8 8 10 7 10 14 8 4 1 1 4 6 6 4 -17 5 Asia World Asia Europe North America Middle East Africa Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) South and Central America 396 232 50 46 27 25 8 6 100.0 59.0 13.8 11.5 6.1 5.3 2.4 1.7 100.0 58.6 12.5 11.6 6.7 6.2 2.1 1.4 21.4 12.6 3.0 2.5 1.3 1.1 0.5 0.4 22.4 13.1 2.8 2.6 1.5 1.4 0.5 0.3 8 8 5 8 11 12 5 3 2 1 2 -4 15 4 3 2 2 1 2 9 -2 6 -2 -5 North America World North America Asia Europe South and Central America Africa Middle East Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 277 108 105 27 21 8 6 2 100.0 38.3 37.5 9.9 6.9 3.6 2.6 1.0 100.0 39.0 37.9 9.7 7.7 2.8 2.2 0.7 15.6 6.0 5.9 1.5 1.1 0.6 0.4 0.2 15.7 6.1 5.9 1.5 1.2 0.4 0.3 0.1 7 7 7 6 9 0 2 -2 3 5 1 9 13 -2 -4 -18 4 5 3 6 7 -4 9 -26 South and Central America World Asia Europe South and Central America North America Africa Middle East Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 212 66 49 34 30 12 12 8 100.0 25.5 26.6 16.0 13.7 6.0 6.9 4.5 100.0 30.9 22.9 15.8 14.2 5.7 5.5 4.0 12.0 3.1 3.2 1.9 1.6 0.7 0.8 0.5 12.0 3.7 2.8 1.9 1.7 0.7 0.7 0.5 7 12 3 6 8 5 1 4 5 17 0 -1 4 -8 5 5 -2 -2 0 -5 5 -10 -11 9 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) World Europe Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Asia Middle East Africa North America South and Central America 68 19 19 16 6 5 1 0 100.0 21.9 38.3 20.2 6.7 6.8 1.4 0.3 100.0 28.4 27.4 23.0 8.8 7.9 1.3 0.3 3.3 0.7 1.3 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 3.8 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 11 18 2 14 18 15 9 15 -1 -11 12 19 -20 -28 25 58 2 19 -20 9 13 15 3 -19 Africa World Europe Africa Asia Middle East North America South and Central America Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 64 22 17 14 5 3 1 1 100.0 39.5 24.9 16.7 8.8 4.7 2.1 1.7 100.0 34.5 26.9 22.2 7.4 4.4 2.2 2.0 3.8 1.5 0.9 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 3.6 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 5 2 7 13 1 4 7 9 7 7 10 5 11 -8 -6 9 3 0 0 18 -6 6 -1 9 Middle East World Middle East Asia Europe Africa Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) North America South and Central America 30 14 6 3 2 1 1 0 100.0 47.1 17.9 9.6 5.9 3.9 1.6 0.3 100.0 47.9 19.9 11.1 7.8 2.7 2.0 0.2 2.0 0.9 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 1.7 0.8 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 3 3 6 7 10 -6 7 -9 10 10 3 4 13 -4 2 10 0 3 12 4 -1 -23 7 -10 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Table II.14 Leading exporters and importers of agricultural products, 2014 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value Share in world exports/imports Annual percentage change 1980 1990 2000 2014 2010-14 2012 2013 2014 Exporters European Union (28) extra-EU (28) exports United States Brazil China Canada Indonesia India Thailand Australia Argentina Russian Federation Malaysia New Zealand Viet Nam a Mexico 670 178 182 88 74 68 44 43 40 39 38 31 30 29 27 26 17.0 3.4 1.5 5.0 1.6 1.0 1.2 3.3 1.9 2.0 1.3 ... 0.8 14.3 2.4 2.4 5.4 1.0 0.8 1.9 2.9 1.8 1.8 1.4 ... 0.8 41.9 10.0 13.0 2.8 3.0 6.3 1.4 1.1 2.2 3.0 2.2 1.4 1.5 1.4 0.7 1.7 38.0 10.1 10.3 5.0 4.2 3.9 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.1 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.5 6 9 6 6 10 7 5 17 3 9 2 10 1 10 12 9 -2 3 2 0 2 5 -6 21 -12 3 -5 3 -13 0 5 -1 8 8 2 5 6 4 -5 7 -4 -2 -3 -6 -11 12 0 10 1 1 4 -3 6 4 3 -3 -2 3 -10 8 0 8 14 5 Above 15 1430 - - 83.5 81.0 - - - - Importers European Union (28) extra-EU (28) imports China United States Japan Russian Federation b Canada b Korea, Republic of Mexico b Hong Kong, China retained imports a India Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of a Indonesia Malaysia Turkey United Arab Emirates a 675 183 170 157 82 41 40 35 30 29 20 27 25 22 20 18 18 2.1 8.7 9.6 1.8 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.5 1.5 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.3 1.8 9.0 11.5 2.0 2.2 1.2 1.0 0.4 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.4 42.7 13.2 3.3 11.6 10.4 1.3 2.6 2.2 1.8 1.1 0.7 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.5 36.1 9.8 9.1 8.4 4.4 2.2 2.1 1.9 1.6 1.1 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 5 4 12 8 1 3 6 7 6 9 10 11 9 9 6 9 11 -5 -7 8 3 -2 -3 4 -5 -7 3 4 14 8 -7 1 -7 13 6 3 6 3 -8 6 2 1 8 11 12 -5 10 3 -7 3 10 2 2 3 7 -5 -8 3 5 3 5 6 12 0 3 1 7 0 Above 15 1381 - - 81.5 73.7 - - - - II MERCHANDISE TRADE 2014 a Includes Secretariat estimates. b Imports are valued f.o.b. World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 77 Table II.15 Exports of agricultural products of selected economies, 1990-2014 (Million dollars and percentage) Share in economy's total merchandise exports Value World Argentina Australia Brazil Cameroon b Canada Chile China Colombia Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire b Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt b Ethiopia b European Union (28) extra-EU (28) exports intra-EU (28) exports Ghana Guatemala b Honduras Hong Kong, China domestic exports b re-exports b Iceland India Indonesia Iran Israel Japan Kenya Korea, Republic of Malawi b Malaysia Mexico Morocco b Myanmar b New Zealand Nicaragua Pakistan Panama b Paraguay Peru Philippines Russian Federation Singapore domestic exports re-exports South Africa Sri Lanka b Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic b Chinese Taipei Tanzania b Thailand Tunisia b Turkey Uganda b Ukraine United Arab Emirates b, c United States Uruguay Viet Nam b 1990 2000 414723 | 7482 11875 9779 695 22339 2779 10060 2514 927 2374 ... | 1236 669 260 ... 849 680 4556 821 3735 1274 3506 | 4154 601 1327 3298 559 2985 382 7500 3466 1228 ... 5966 295 1081 263 863 789 1683 4095 1183 2912 1691 758 2244 767 3732 ... 7786 418 3300 ... 501 59404 1025 ... 550808 11954 16446 15464 438 34789 6399 16384 3106 1812 2308 542 1948 610 | 406 230985 55286 175699 621 1618 | 782 5693 453 5240 1257 5951 7764 | 932 1182 4349 1062 4298 342 8015 9100 1746 ... 7665 547 | 1234 580 | 699 1911 2026 7554 3723 | 1202 | 2521 | 3270 1093 2502 621 | 3509 432 12220 548 3828 292 1585 1185 71408 1278 3954 2012 2013 2014 2010 2014 a 1651285 43151 38405 86435 1403 62868 18842 66169 6629 4083 5949 1715 7618 4738 2445 613643 162030 451613 2890 4840 2736 9346 1043 8303 2298 41890 45023 5973 2433 10859 3227 12628 955 33911 22749 3928 2363 24088 2254 4979 925 4255 7696 5075 30149 9860 4038 5457 10499 2732 8975 908 6938 1729 42030 1672 15671 1236 18456 6544 172112 6422 23404 1737207 41994 37596 90664 1457 65679 20776 70153 6680 4189 5602 1815 8614 5154 3319 662533 175765 486768 2642 4811 2393 10198 1049 9149 2395 44685 42628 5661 2588 10769 3157 11805 972 30044 25092 4334 2991 26894 2078 5571 1020 6299 7161 6425 28482 10882 4711 5608 11137 2914 9672 403 6266 1499 40357 1734 17419 1439 17763 7763 175677 6794 23293 1765405 37890 38632 87890 1641 68105 22080 74472 7343 4372 7471 2281 9770 5066 3629 670417 177781 492636 3087 4941 2449 10550 1085 9465 2250 43466 44087 5992 2519 10590 3105 11915 1105 30130 26388 4611 2922 28985 2405 5155 600 6420 8231 6948 30877 11891 5683 5600 11374 3208 10040 403 6487 1506 39742 1675 18430 1359 17505 8045 182235 6878 26546 9.2 50.8 12.7 34.0 39.2 13.5 22.2 3.3 14.5 35.7 52.4 20.1 34.1 19.4 81.2 10.3 7.1 12.0 15.9 46.3 25.4 2.0 5.7 1.9 41.9 10.2 22.8 4.9 3.9 1.3 55.3 2.0 79.7 14.5 6.3 20.6 26.6 62.3 44.7 18.4 7.4 61.4 16.6 8.0 5.4 2.2 1.8 2.5 10.9 29.8 4.0 20.1 2.0 29.0 18.2 8.2 10.9 60.2 20.3 2.3 11.2 71.8 23.3 9.5 52.6 16.0 39.0 33.8 14.3 29.2 3.2 13.4 38.9 58.4 23.0 38.0 18.7 81.8 10.9 7.9 12.6 23.4 45.6 30.3 2.0 7.0 1.9 44.5 13.5 25.0 6.7 3.7 1.5 50.8 2.1 80.4 12.9 6.6 19.5 26.5 69.6 46.9 20.9 4.6 66.5 20.9 11.2 6.2 2.9 2.6 2.9 12.5 28.4 3.2 20.1 2.1 32.4 17.5 10.0 11.7 59.8 32.3 2.2 11.2 75.1 17.6 a Or nearest year. b Includes Secretariat estimates. c Mainly re-exports. 78 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Table II.16 Imports of agricultural products of selected economies, 1990-2014 (Million dollars and percentage) Share in economy's total merchandise imports Value 2000 2012 2013 2014 2010 2014 a 2766 326 2735 835 ... 2690 9009 461 7855 2815 1644 4234 1716 1226 ... 4762 15272 1421 19544 10755 2478 14109 9158 4193 1988 13109 37907 6386 156823 11270 2407 14611 9939 4529 1999 14174 38781 6568 165459 12712 2234 15631 11327 5088 2012 13528 40134 6601 170083 18.2 3.8 5.9 21.5 9.4 19.7 6.0 8.2 7.8 7.8 21.8 3.4 6.9 26.8 12.5 18.3 5.9 8.7 9.1 8.7 Colombia Côte d'Ivoire Cuba Dominican Republic d, f Ecuador Egypt d El Salvador European Union (28) g extra-EU (28) imports Guatemala 593 ... ... 413 206 4793 158 196 1736 453 826 964 | 423 4195 | 692 254480 78865 673 | 6395 2023 ... 2588 2203 17660 1868 625137 173525 2500 6348 1887 ... 2624 2208 13590 1832 665309 178541 2551 6507 1942 ... 2858 2370 17234 1915 675469 182833 2706 11.1 20.1 ... 14.3 9.4 22.4 17.7 10.3 7.6 14.6 10.2 17.9 ... 16.5 8.5 25.5 18.2 11.0 8.2 14.8 Hong Kong, China retained imports d India Indonesia Iran d Israel Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Korea, Republic of 8325 4591 1721 | 2126 3830 1565 50762 709 9531 11728 6488 3993 5727 | 2943 2288 62150 942 506 12837 25003 16700 25668 20906 13989 5916 93724 3838 4442 33076 27816 18667 24417 21512 14567 6126 85994 3929 4727 33386 29195 19730 27314 22220 13879 6336 81868 4307 4433 35001 4.7 11.9 5.1 11.5 14.4 8.3 11.2 17.2 7.8 6.3 4.9 13.1 5.9 12.5 27.2 8.4 10.0 18.8 10.8 6.7 Kuwait d Lebanese Republic d Malaysia Mexico b Morocco d New Zealand Nigeria d Norway Oman Pakistan Peru Philippines Russian Federation b Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of d Senegal d Singapore retained imports South Africa Sri Lanka d Sudan d 589 ... 2404 5374 1096 756 658 2090 506 1568 668 1665 3487 372 4702 1789 1219 549 ... 1312 1210 4610 10989 1941 1204 1212 2956 1158 1882 998 3104 7561 5663 394 4890 | 2369 | 1650 934 376 3849 3436 21429 27076 6421 4307 8418 9008 3066 6524 4800 7240 42037 22600 1652 13953 8496 8399 2278 1030 4591 3567 19963 29202 5673 4508 9203 9447 3298 6332 4811 7157 44726 24926 1685 14305 8697 7677 2365 1078 5105 3423 20162 30027 6427 4922 9861 9542 3766 7435 4960 8668 41216 24818 1578 14624 9023 7148 2845 1001 13.5 16.2 9.8 7.8 13.6 11.0 11.0 9.4 12.6 17.8 12.0 11.7 14.7 16.5 23.9 3.5 4.7 7.6 15.3 31.5 16.2 16.2 9.7 7.5 14.0 11.6 16.4 10.7 12.4 15.6 11.7 12.8 13.4 15.2 23.8 4.0 5.2 7.2 14.7 10.9 Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic d Chinese Taipei Thailand Tunisia d Turkey Ukraine United Arab Emirates d United States Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. of 5920 791 6203 3230 819 2806 1726 39966 986 5712 850 | 7899 4484 968 4133 1092 3230 69115 1970 12868 1707 14990 16844 2698 16370 8036 16290 141849 9858 13724 1263 12324 16645 3010 16914 8674 17859 146482 8657 13956 1566 15446 16246 2908 18058 6445 17849 156885 8868 6.8 23.4 5.2 6.6 11.5 6.9 10.3 7.2 5.9 13.8 5.1 23.4 5.6 7.1 11.7 7.5 11.9 6.8 6.5 20.0 236 ... 1269 ... 13241 3714 15247 3917 17236 3809 12.1 31.6 11.5 29.4 Viet Nam d Yemen d II MERCHANDISE TRADE 1990 Algeria Argentina Australia b Bangladesh c, d Belarus Bosnia and Herzegovina Brazil e Canada b Chile China a Or nearest year. b Imports are valued f.o.b. c Figures refer to fiscal year. d Includes Secretariat estimates. e Beginning 2000, imports are valued f.o.b. f Until 2010, imports are valued f.o.b. g See the Metadata for information on intra-EU (28) imports. World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 79 2.1 Food Table II.17 Exports of food of regions by destination, 2014 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value World Europe World Europe Asia North America Africa Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Middle East South and Central America Asia World Asia Europe North America Middle East Africa Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) South and Central America North America World North America Asia Europe South and Central America Africa Middle East Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) South and Central America World Asia Europe South and Central America North America Africa Middle East Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Africa World Europe Africa Asia Middle East North America South and Central America Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 80 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics Share in region's exports Share in world exports Annual percentage change 2014 2010 2014 2010 2014 2010-14 2013 2014 1486 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 7 6 2 622 474 42 29 26 20 23 7 100.0 79.2 5.2 4.3 3.5 3.8 2.8 1.0 100.0 76.2 6.7 4.6 4.2 3.2 3.8 1.1 43.3 34.3 2.3 1.9 1.5 1.6 1.2 0.4 41.8 31.9 2.8 1.9 1.8 1.4 1.6 0.5 6 5 13 8 11 2 14 9 9 8 11 7 12 9 15 4 2 1 10 6 6 -18 3 5 321 180 40 39 25 23 8 4 100.0 56.1 13.5 12.1 7.3 6.4 2.8 1.6 100.0 56.2 12.3 12.0 7.8 7.2 2.4 1.3 20.0 11.2 2.7 2.4 1.5 1.3 0.6 0.3 21.6 12.1 2.7 2.6 1.7 1.6 0.5 0.3 9 9 7 9 11 13 5 5 3 1 4 4 15 4 5 3 6 5 4 14 -2 6 -1 -2 224 92 78 20 19 7 6 2 100.0 40.9 34.3 8.8 7.4 4.1 3.0 1.2 100.0 41.0 35.0 9.1 8.5 3.1 2.5 0.8 14.9 6.1 5.1 1.3 1.1 0.6 0.4 0.2 15.1 6.2 5.3 1.4 1.3 0.5 0.4 0.1 8 8 8 8 11 0 3 -2 3 5 0 12 16 -2 -4 -19 5 5 6 8 8 -4 10 -27 192 57 44 32 26 12 11 8 100.0 24.6 26.3 16.7 12.7 6.6 7.6 4.8 100.0 29.8 22.9 16.7 13.4 6.3 5.9 4.2 13.1 3.2 3.4 2.2 1.7 0.9 1.0 0.6 12.9 3.9 3.0 2.2 1.7 0.8 0.8 0.5 7 12 3 7 8 6 1 4 6 19 1 0 3 -8 5 5 -2 -3 0 -6 6 -10 -12 11 51 18 16 8 4 2 1 1 100.0 40.6 27.9 11.2 10.1 4.9 1.5 2.0 100.0 35.8 31.0 15.7 8.5 4.6 1.8 2.3 3.7 1.5 1.0 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 3.4 1.2 1.1 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 5 2 8 15 1 3 10 8 8 7 11 10 12 -10 -11 10 3 1 0 21 -6 8 1 10 World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Table II.18 Leading exporters and importers of food, 2014 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value Share in world exports/imports Annual percentage change 1980 1990 2000 2014 2010-14 2012 2013 2014 Exporters European Union (28) extra-EU (28) exports United States Brazil China Canada Argentina India Indonesia Australia Thailand Malaysia Mexico New Zealand Viet Nam a Russian Federation 576 148 149 79 63 49 37 37 35 32 31 26 25 24 22 20 17.6 4.2 1.4 3.5 2.3 1.1 0.7 3.3 1.3 0.9 0.9 1.1 ... - 13.4 2.8 2.5 3.5 2.2 0.9 0.9 2.5 2.1 1.1 1.0 1.4 ... - 44.0 10.7 12.6 3.0 3.1 4.1 2.7 1.3 1.3 2.9 2.3 1.3 1.9 1.3 0.9 0.9 38.7 10.0 10.0 5.3 4.3 3.3 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.2 2.1 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.3 6 9 7 7 10 7 2 19 8 10 5 2 9 10 12 13 -1 3 5 0 4 6 -4 16 3 5 -2 -10 -1 0 8 17 8 9 3 6 7 2 -3 16 -5 -2 -4 -12 11 10 -2 -8 1 2 5 -4 6 5 -10 1 11 6 5 4 6 10 14 4 Above 15 1206 - - 83.5 81.1 - - - - Importers European Union (28) extra-EU (28) imports United States China Japan Russian Federation b Canada b Korea, Republic of Hong Kong, China retained imports a Mexico b Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of a India Indonesia United Arab Emirates a Malaysia Egypt 580 153 133 105 69 39 36 27 27 19 26 24 19 17 17 17 15 8.8 1.4 7.2 1.8 0.9 1.0 1.4 1.8 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.7 8.9 1.4 10.1 2.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.0 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.9 43.5 12.4 11.1 2.0 10.5 1.5 2.6 1.7 1.3 1.8 1.2 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 36.8 9.7 8.4 6.7 4.4 2.4 2.3 1.7 1.3 1.6 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.9 5 5 8 15 2 3 6 9 10 12 7 9 12 10 11 7 10 -3 -5 3 20 0 -3 5 -2 4 5 -7 8 16 -5 13 0 6 7 4 5 9 -9 7 3 2 10 11 10 11 -6 4 9 -5 -25 2 3 8 7 -4 -8 4 7 10 10 3 0 14 4 0 6 28 Above 15 1142 - - 80.5 72.5 - - - - II MERCHANDISE TRADE 2014 a Includes Secretariat estimates. b Imports are valued f.o.b. World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 81 Table II.19 Exports of food of selected economies, 1990-2014 (Million dollars and percentage) Share in economy's total merchandise exports Value World Argentina Australia Belarus Brazil Canada Chile China Colombia Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Ecuador Egypt Ethiopia b European Union (28) extra-EU (28) exports intra-EU (28) exports Ghana Guatemala Honduras Hong Kong, China domestic exports b re-exports b Iceland India Indonesia Iran Israel Japan Kenya Korea, Republic of Malawi b Malaysia Mexico Morocco b Myanmar b New Zealand Nicaragua Norway Pakistan Panama b Paraguay Peru Philippines Russian Federation Serbia Singapore domestic exports re-exports South Africa Sri Lanka Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic b Chinese Taipei Tanzania b Thailand Tunisia b Turkey Uganda b Ukraine United Arab Emirates b, c United States Uruguay Viet Nam b 1990 2000 315559 | 6949 7937 8697 10898 1965 7868 2222 848 ... 1198 251 186 ... 778 649 3385 742 2644 1266 2782 2853 ... 1022 1706 502 2162 374 3434 3057 1105 ... 4272 251 2365 516 258 502 703 1532 ... 2747 1077 1671 ... 649 1756 577 2703 ... 6611 384 2906 ... 73 42422 670 ... 431088 11491 12583 495 12808 17630 4424 13559 2502 1648 1806 1758 375 | 321 189781 45921 143860 513 1518 | 730 3664 362 3302 1240 5418 5526 | 818 824 2124 927 2665 331 5440 8179 1596 ... 5819 534 | 3827 964 569 | 564 1736 1815 3950 ... 3091 | 1092 | 1999 | 2232 ... 2021 408 | 1819 359 9924 510 3521 241 1339 1128 54341 1064 3666 2012 2013 2014 2010 2014 a 1371099 42407 30704 4519 77212 46355 14418 56312 5251 3814 4778 6702 4038 2229 523606 132711 390896 2628 4464 2691 7243 787 6457 2257 31214 33692 5600 2050 4557 2599 6398 895 28451 21338 3692 1534 20108 2220 9657 4187 887 4099 7274 4638 20567 2638 8807 3988 4804 8742 2426 8414 841 3761 1413 30704 1588 15033 1092 17778 6209 138237 5687 19521 1451660 41306 30057 5349 82081 47106 15919 59978 5187 3941 4425 7627 4576 2696 567599 144906 422693 2326 4409 2341 7808 837 6970 2347 36304 31939 5223 2171 4589 2531 6202 916 25099 23758 4143 1941 22170 2047 11202 4995 977 6140 6726 5843 18989 2711 9644 4599 5031 9294 2651 9119 373 3287 1295 29368 1657 16749 1335 16962 7388 141901 5989 19072 1486281 37172 31984 5333 78820 49490 16970 63491 5815 4126 6385 8785 4492 2925 575693 148331 427362 2681 4612 2394 8619 924 7695 2214 36730 35389 5564 2116 4696 2407 6597 1042 26008 25097 4402 2495 24350 2361 11716 4669 549 6267 7753 6308 19775 2985 10554 5319 5223 9455 2916 9435 373 3716 1263 30848 1596 17759 1261 16553 7609 149122 5939 21735 7.5 49.6 10.3 12.6 30.1 9.6 16.6 2.8 11.2 33.1 43.8 29.9 16.5 73.1 8.7 5.8 10.3 14.2 42.0 24.8 1.5 4.1 1.4 41.3 8.0 16.2 4.7 3.1 0.6 44.9 1.1 76.3 11.9 5.9 18.8 17.3 52.2 44.1 7.2 16.5 7.2 59.4 15.5 7.3 3.1 22.3 2.0 1.7 2.2 9.0 26.0 3.7 18.6 1.0 23.6 12.9 7.7 10.4 54.8 19.2 2.2 8.8 61.3 19.3 8.0 51.6 13.3 14.7 35.0 10.4 22.4 2.7 10.6 36.7 49.9 34.1 16.6 65.9 9.3 6.6 11.0 20.3 42.6 29.7 1.6 5.9 1.5 43.8 11.4 20.1 6.3 3.1 0.7 39.4 1.2 75.8 11.1 6.3 18.6 22.6 58.5 46.1 8.1 18.9 4.2 64.9 19.7 10.2 4.0 20.1 2.6 2.5 2.7 10.4 25.8 3.0 18.6 1.2 27.2 13.6 9.5 11.3 55.4 30.5 2.1 9.2 64.8 14.4 a Or nearest year. b Includes Secretariat estimates. c Mainly re-exports. 82 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Table II.20 Imports of food of selected economies, 1990-2014 (Million dollars and percentage) Share in economy's total merchandise imports Value 2000 2012 2013 2014 2010 2014 a Algeria Argentina Australia b Bangladesh c, d Belarus Bosnia and Herzegovina Brazil e Canada b Chile China Colombia Côte d'Ivoire Cuba Dominican Republic f Ecuador Egypt El Salvador European Union (28) g extra-EU (28) imports Guatemala Hong Kong, China retained imports d India Indonesia Iran Israel Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Korea, Republic of Kuwait d Lebanese Republic d Malaysia Mexico b Morocco d New Zealand Nigeria d Norway Oman Pakistan Peru Philippines Russian Federation b Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of d Senegal d Singapore retained imports South Africa 2306 164 1943 650 ... 2112 7143 308 4619 395 ... ... ... 156 2903 128 169 6551 3908 771 | 1104 ... 1197 34154 672 199 3912 561 ... 2021 4326 677 643 ... 1584 486 1276 621 1348 3319 350 3685 2014 846 2578 1267 3245 1254 1027 ... 3665 12027 1228 9043 1405 427 765 ... | 310 3519 | 613 200685 57224 592 | 9165 5863 2283 3336 | 2585 1923 48543 851 459 403 7722 1249 1107 3526 8485 1585 1074 1159 2221 1122 1524 864 2598 6853 5375 362 4354 | 2354 | 1254 9998 1726 12643 6662 3509 1826 10626 33360 5911 90650 5872 1955 ... 2425 1959 15666 1663 533491 142595 2255 22087 15631 17672 15828 12442 5196 78870 3598 4165 1961 24879 3676 3229 16518 22859 5581 4059 8147 7888 2913 4846 4221 6819 39045 21413 1554 12558 7754 7448 10467 1709 13199 7229 3972 1841 11713 34346 6076 98646 5842 1820 ... 2418 1977 11674 1641 570660 147968 2320 24362 17392 16690 16395 13140 5388 71749 3691 4462 1820 25285 4435 3360 15610 25113 4872 4238 7952 8327 3159 4467 4268 6723 41760 23756 1588 12937 7906 6777 11784 1598 14067 8240 4656 1841 11224 35600 6114 105264 5989 1883 ... 2542 2133 14898 1717 579958 152596 2478 26816 19121 19103 17028 12695 5589 68861 4042 4228 1895 27014 4917 3224 16537 25811 5619 4629 8520 8382 3612 5565 4437 8243 38598 23652 1481 13348 8125 6272 16.5 2.6 5.2 17.5 7.9 18.1 4.6 7.1 7.1 4.3 9.7 19.2 ... 13.2 8.3 19.2 15.7 8.7 6.1 13.3 4.1 11.1 3.5 8.5 12.5 7.1 9.2 15.9 7.3 11.6 4.5 13.0 15.2 7.8 6.5 11.5 10.4 10.3 7.9 12.0 12.9 10.3 11.0 13.7 15.6 22.4 3.2 4.3 6.6 20.2 2.4 6.2 19.5 11.4 16.8 4.9 7.7 8.5 5.4 9.4 17.3 ... 14.7 7.7 22.1 16.3 9.5 6.8 13.6 4.5 12.7 4.1 9.6 24.9 7.4 8.4 17.7 10.3 10.3 5.1 15.6 15.3 7.9 6.5 12.3 10.9 14.2 9.4 11.9 11.7 10.5 12.2 12.5 14.5 22.3 3.6 4.7 6.3 Sri Lanka Sudan d Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic d Chinese Taipei Thailand Tunisia d Turkey Ukraine United Arab Emirates d United States Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. of Viet Nam d Yemen d 502 ... 4371 745 3495 1672 582 1856 1627 30055 739 ... ... ... 360 4549 726 | 5013 2677 706 2128 882 3026 51226 1704 814 ... 2038 992 11194 1536 11247 12638 2219 10420 7225 15572 117138 9237 9473 3642 2140 1038 12012 1136 8654 12851 2579 10830 7912 17012 122902 8276 10903 3799 2541 964 12235 1410 11872 12590 2444 12047 5850 17024 133119 8528 12325 3694 13.9 30.6 5.8 21.0 3.8 4.7 9.4 4.0 9.2 6.8 4.9 12.8 8.6 30.7 13.1 10.5 4.4 21.0 4.3 5.5 9.8 5.0 10.8 6.5 5.5 19.3 8.3 28.5 II MERCHANDISE TRADE 1990 a Or nearest year. b Imports are valued f.o.b. c Figures refer to fiscal year. d Includes Secretariat estimates. e Beginning 2000, imports are valued f.o.b. f Until 2010, imports are valued f.o.b. g See the Metadata for information on intra-EU (28) imports. World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 83 3. Fuels and mining products Table II.21 Exports of fuels and mining products of regions by destination, 2014 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value World Middle East World Asia Europe North America Middle East Africa South and Central America Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Europe World Europe Asia North America Africa Middle East Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) South and Central America Asia World Asia Europe Middle East North America Africa South and Central America Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) World Europe Asia Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) North America Middle East Africa South and Central America North America World North America Europe South and Central America Asia Africa Middle East Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Africa World Europe Asia Africa North America South and Central America Middle East Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) South and Central America World Asia North America South and Central America Europe Middle East Africa Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 84 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics Share in region's exports Share in world exports Annual percentage change 2014 2010 2014 2010 2014 2010-14 2013 2014 3789 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 6 -3 -6 836 558 87 71 31 17 7 0 100.0 65.7 11.7 8.9 4.2 2.4 0.7 0.0 100.0 66.7 10.4 8.6 3.7 2.0 0.8 0.0 19.6 12.9 2.3 1.7 0.8 0.5 0.1 0.0 22.1 14.7 2.3 1.9 0.8 0.4 0.2 0.0 9 9 6 8 6 4 15 17 -4 -1 -2 -11 2 -11 0 -15 -7 -9 -6 -14 -3 -6 6 132 759 590 40 39 34 14 7 6 100.0 79.0 4.7 6.5 3.7 1.5 0.8 0.8 100.0 77.7 5.2 5.2 4.5 1.8 1.0 0.8 20.8 16.4 1.0 1.3 0.8 0.3 0.2 0.2 20.0 15.6 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.4 0.2 0.2 5 4 8 -1 10 10 9 5 -3 -4 -5 -8 0 -2 9 8 -7 -6 -8 -8 -5 3 -18 -31 666 550 30 25 24 19 10 2 100.0 82.3 6.1 2.6 3.7 1.7 2.1 0.3 100.0 82.5 4.4 3.7 3.6 2.9 1.5 0.2 17.8 14.6 1.1 0.5 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.1 17.6 14.5 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.0 6 6 -2 15 5 20 -3 -3 0 -1 -10 10 7 24 -32 7 -4 -4 -13 3 1 13 1 -2 486 305 100 46 17 8 3 2 100.0 65.0 15.3 8.9 6.7 1.6 0.3 0.5 100.0 62.7 20.7 9.5 3.5 1.6 0.7 0.4 12.6 8.2 1.9 1.1 0.8 0.2 0.0 0.1 12.8 8.0 2.7 1.2 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.1 6 5 15 8 -10 7 28 0 0 2 5 -11 -12 -10 -11 30 -6 -10 3 2 -29 29 25 -13 415 248 54 54 48 7 2 1 100.0 60.4 13.9 9.1 14.6 1.1 0.6 0.2 100.0 59.7 13.1 13.1 11.4 1.7 0.5 0.1 9.9 6.0 1.4 0.9 1.4 0.1 0.1 0.0 11.0 6.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 8 8 7 19 2 22 5 2 1 3 -6 2 -4 70 16 -3 2 5 -3 8 -12 8 -10 -16 349 130 122 30 27 24 3 0 100.0 35.1 27.3 6.6 23.1 3.5 1.0 0.1 100.0 37.4 34.9 8.5 7.8 7.0 0.9 0.1 11.3 4.0 3.1 0.7 2.6 0.4 0.1 0.0 9.2 3.4 3.2 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.1 0.0 0 2 7 7 -24 19 -1 5 -9 -11 -3 -2 -29 -3 -10 0 -12 -13 -6 0 -38 -3 -5 4 277 89 77 65 37 3 2 0 100.0 32.1 28.8 21.8 14.4 0.9 0.8 0.1 100.0 32.1 27.9 23.5 13.2 1.0 0.6 0.2 8.1 2.6 2.3 1.8 1.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 7.3 2.3 2.0 1.7 1.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 3 3 2 5 1 7 -4 27 -7 -3 -10 -8 -7 -17 -21 44 -7 -6 -12 -2 -11 8 16 35 World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 3.1 Fuels Table II.22 Imports of fuels of selected regions and economies from the Middle East, 2010 and 2014 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value Annual percentage change 2014 2010-14 2012 2013 2014 Asia Japan Korea, Republic of China India Singapore Chinese Taipei Thailand Pakistan Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Australia 116 76 68 63 26 28 18 10 6 4 4 2 146 111 134 99 39 36 26 13 10 7 5 2 6 10 18 12 11 7 10 6 13 20 1 0 5 7 11 16 23 23 9 7 22 15 6 -24 -6 -2 7 -1 -10 1 11 -2 4 -7 -18 13 -7 -7 5 -9 -5 -8 -19 -5 2 16 -10 -38 Europe European Union (28) Turkey 66 10 68 13 1 6 -17 9 -15 4 -7 -13 North America United States Canada 51 4 74 4 10 1 17 22 -12 -16 -6 -32 Africa South Africa 7 9 6 4 -11 1 World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics II MERCHANDISE TRADE 2010 85 Table II.23 Exports of fuels of selected economies, 1990-2014 (Million dollars and percentage) Share in economy's total merchandise exports Value World Algeria b Angola Argentina Australia Azerbaijan Bahrain Belarus Bolivia, Plurinational State of Brazil Brunei Darussalam Cameroon b Canada China Colombia Côte d'Ivoire Ecuador Egypt European Union (28) extra-EU (28) exports intra-EU (28) exports Gabon b India Indonesia Iran, Islamic Rep. of b Iraq b Japan Kazakhstan b Korea, Republic of Kuwait Libyan Arab Jamahiriya b Malaysia Mexico Mongolia b Myanmar b New Zealand Nigeria b Norway Oman Pakistan Peru Philippines b Qatar Russian Federation Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Singapore domestic exports re-exports South Africa b Sudan Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic b Chinese Taipei Thailand Trinidad and Tobago b Tunisia b Turkey Ukraine United Arab Emirates b United States Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. of b Viet Nam b Yemen b 1990 2000 2012 2013 2014 2010 2014 a 362586 | 10623 3655 985 7473 2313 227 682 2137 998 12672 5119 2496 ... 1409 762 ... 522 11239 | 15307 9587 1260 697 6500 10608 5397 9868 ... ... 362 13191 16288 5057 71 332 225 2967 40128 9566 9479 88 1152 ... 45 1903 401 192 1285 604 296 14141 12321 14447 ... ... 659849 21610 7105 4642 13324 1485 4490 1452 160 908 ... 987 36344 7855 5636 737 2442 1967 | 96481 26604 69877 2168 1443 15066 | 25611 19771 1520 4567 9376 18141 ... 9448 16050 2 ... 380 20876 38274 8952 131 404 505 10665 52193 70857 13403 | 13290 | 113 | 2664 1088 289 3538 | 1657 2206 2790 707 294 808 28760 13340 29203 3825 ... 3384504 70716 69954 4962 72890 30701 13026 16391 5910 26469 12448 2374 116359 31013 39612 3160 13797 8863 495126 160655 334472 8618 59863 63371 77206 94133 13420 59546 57492 112931 59898 46416 52100 2152 3533 1774 94642 112370 39304 330 5364 1263 117029 346641 337484 75568 85080 19272 11296 955 7322 1995 21542 14938 8409 2854 7478 3640 119986 137138 93569 11353 6325 3289835 63877 66652 3557 65221 29987 11074 12044 6681 17822 11049 2527 120232 33784 39276 2879 14106 7507 492635 161990 330645 8438 65838 57396 53101 89560 16678 62572 54113 107788 42805 50851 48691 1650 3954 1418 89314 104024 41484 527 5453 2127 119961 355279 321929 71380 84837 14771 10108 1717 3604 885 23023 14316 8467 2595 6476 2865 122973 148843 85919 9685 5965 3068467 61308 57609 3197 63956 26374 11681 12084 6647 20650 9725 2604 128389 34445 35931 2635 13301 6262 450195 144601 305595 7733 64778 51383 53652 84303 15736 60696 52384 94526 20228 51719 42182 1496 4452 1317 76925 92015 42368 648 4752 1837 113899 316461 285139 68673 84150 12528 9507 1254 3466 885 18050 11984 7663 2680 5900 2013 107853 155425 77776 11038 5750 15.8 98.3 97.6 7.9 28.1 94.8 76.8 27.7 47.1 9.8 96.3 49.5 23.8 1.7 56.8 21.3 55.3 28.6 6.5 5.8 6.8 88.6 16.8 29.6 71.3 99.0 1.7 68.4 7.0 88.4 73.2 15.9 13.8 10.8 33.9 4.7 86.9 63.7 67.7 5.6 9.3 2.1 90.1 63.3 85.7 16.1 30.1 12.4 9.7 85.8 2.8 44.3 5.2 5.0 60.9 14.2 3.9 7.1 34.6 6.4 94.8 11.0 70.0 16.6 97.4 92.3 4.4 26.5 93.3 57.1 33.2 54.2 9.2 92.5 53.7 27.0 1.5 65.6 20.6 51.7 23.1 7.3 6.4 7.8 86.6 20.1 29.1 60.4 99.6 2.3 77.6 9.1 90.7 96.3 22.1 10.6 25.9 40.4 3.2 79.3 63.9 79.6 2.6 12.1 3.0 86.5 63.6 80.6 16.8 39.0 6.5 10.4 28.8 1.1 44.3 5.8 5.3 60.9 16.0 3.7 3.7 30.0 9.6 96.7 7.3 71.9 a Or nearest year. b Includes Secretariat estimates. Note : Includes economies exporting petroleum products. 86 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Table II.24 Imports of fuels of selected economies, 1990-2014 (Million dollars and percentage) Share in economy's total merchandise imports Value 2000 2012 2013 2014 2010 2014 a 333 2188 1827 566 6045 21 7313 1099 1259 219 ... ... ... 38 243 ... 278 1996 1561 6495 | 1937 ... 1354 380 56777 471 424 11023 ... 1487 1125 1168 727 1178 1529 327 1943 194 ... 9632 9545 88 333 3155 72 5953 ... 3084 143 493 4622 68741 238 ... ... 928 5898 2107 554 2585 8290 344 12481 3014 20637 486 838 1158 1505 | 281 1059 | 219324 149574 290 620 | 4533 4102 19341 6071 | 311 3587 586 77413 194 564 642 38077 1029 3940 5232 2039 1448 1193 3598 1156 4095 1384 317 ... 16219 | 16106 | 3826 551 3772 143 | 13030 294 7549 1068 902 7515 5997 139622 530 2113 ... 8878 42332 7839 2592 17870 40187 1978 51339 17854 313019 2286 3025 ... 4508 5641 13058 1039159 704687 1390 3338 18330 17465 185677 42733 684 16079 2386 302404 6701 4809 4044 186190 5894 27841 33333 12356 6760 5448 15947 6087 14093 4053 1846 3320 123868 104596 22862 3830 18852 1435 70041 3821 47858 3009 4257 49242 26193 433222 3135 11452 3055 10897 40667 8486 2813 12567 45693 1935 50189 16900 315160 2277 3215 ... 5049 6298 9290 995318 664673 1072 3337 17727 16983 184172 45510 560 14553 2259 281583 5538 5435 3779 180431 5001 33334 32897 12143 6679 6360 15247 6687 13512 3641 1943 3112 116899 102128 22277 4199 15652 1061 68653 4850 52183 2941 4318 46193 21237 389141 2144 10119 203 11019 36235 5575 3206 11849 45039 2118 47144 15327 316758 2203 2894 ... 4027 6647 9809 893890 588296 1049 3562 15762 15099 176925 43929 706 12758 1936 262064 6196 2300 3964 175611 4799 35139 33220 10962 6374 4714 14822 5984 13590 3815 1928 2894 113490 100962 23256 4397 13284 1317 65178 4578 48079 2494 4369 42709 15116 356084 1749 11439 198 7.9 13.7 58.7 7.5 34.6 16.6 27.7 10.1 21.8 13.5 12.4 23.7 ... 24.0 21.3 13.5 13.7 25.1 17.7 18.1 3.5 13.3 31.6 20.3 10.4 17.1 30.3 28.7 21.6 7.6 21.3 28.8 19.9 10.0 8.0 23.0 15.1 6.5 30.1 14.2 16.9 1.5 29.9 17.8 26.1 42.5 19.0 22.3 7.4 19.7 20.5 28.1 17.3 33.3 12.6 19.4 32.2 18.4 19.7 9.6 21.0 16.9 15.9 40.1 7.6 29.0 19.7 30.3 10.2 21.2 16.2 12.8 26.6 ... 23.3 24.0 14.5 14.6 26.4 14.4 19.5 2.6 10.0 38.2 24.7 1.4 16.9 33.2 31.9 27.1 5.6 21.5 33.4 22.7 16.8 8.3 23.9 15.0 5.3 31.1 14.1 20.1 1.2 29.0 14.0 31.0 58.5 23.3 22.6 4.8 19.7 23.8 37.0 21.1 33.3 17.6 17.6 27.8 14.8 15.2 7.7 1.5 II MERCHANDISE TRADE Argentina Australia b Bahrain d Bangladesh c, d Belarus Brazil e Cameroon d Canada b Chile China Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Cuba Dominican Republic f Ecuador Egypt European Union (28) g extra-EU (28) imports FYR Macedonia Guatemala Hong Kong, China retained imports d India Indonesia Iran Israel Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Korea, Republic of Lebanese Republic d Malaysia Mexico b Morocco d New Zealand Norway Pakistan Peru Philippines Russian Federation b Senegal d Serbia Singapore retained imports South Africa Sri Lanka d Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic d Chinese Taipei Tanzania d Thailand Trinidad and Tobago d Tunisia d Turkey Ukraine United States Uruguay Viet Nam d Yemen d 1990 a Or nearest year. b Imports are valued f.o.b. c Figures refer to fiscal year. d Includes Secretariat estimates. e Beginning 2000, imports are valued f.o.b. f Until 2010, imports are valued f.o.b. g See the Metadata for information on intra-EU (28) imports. World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 87 4. Manufactures Table II.25 Exports of manufactures of regions by destination, 2014 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value World Europe World Europe Asia North America Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Middle East Africa South and Central America Asia World Asia North America Europe Middle East South and Central America Africa Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) North America World North America Asia Europe South and Central America Middle East Africa Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Middle East World Asia Middle East Europe North America Africa Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) South and Central America South and Central America World South and Central America North America Europe Asia Africa Middle East Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) World Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Europe Asia North America Middle East South and Central America Africa Africa World Europe Africa Asia North America Middle East South and Central America Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 88 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics Share in region's exports Share in world exports Annual percentage change 2014 2010 2014 2010 2014 2010-14 2013 2014 12243 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 5 3 4 5096 3423 573 461 185 177 155 103 100.0 69.1 10.5 8.0 3.5 3.3 3.0 2.0 100.0 67.2 11.2 9.1 3.6 3.5 3.0 2.0 43.1 29.8 4.5 3.5 1.5 1.4 1.3 0.9 41.6 28.0 4.7 3.8 1.5 1.4 1.3 0.8 4 4 6 8 5 6 4 5 4 4 3 3 2 6 5 4 4 5 4 8 -13 5 1 -7 4735 2246 985 803 246 160 158 117 100.0 48.0 19.8 18.9 4.4 3.3 2.7 2.1 100.0 47.4 20.8 17.0 5.2 3.4 3.3 2.5 37.3 17.9 7.4 7.0 1.6 1.2 1.0 0.8 38.7 18.3 8.0 6.6 2.0 1.3 1.3 1.0 6 6 8 3 11 6 12 11 3 3 4 1 2 0 7 6 4 2 6 7 14 -3 11 -1 1685 852 328 265 131 66 27 15 100.0 48.8 20.2 17.1 8.6 3.1 1.5 0.6 100.0 50.6 19.5 15.7 7.8 3.9 1.6 0.9 13.5 6.6 2.7 2.3 1.2 0.4 0.2 0.1 13.8 7.0 2.7 2.2 1.1 0.5 0.2 0.1 6 7 5 3 3 11 8 16 2 3 3 1 -3 3 -1 10 4 5 4 6 -6 3 16 -2 266 92 58 46 26 15 6 4 100.0 33.9 21.8 16.8 11.5 5.9 1.7 1.6 100.0 34.6 21.7 17.2 9.9 5.7 2.1 1.3 2.0 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 2.2 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 7 8 7 8 3 7 12 3 3 1 0 -1 -2 5 2 0 2 0 5 16 5 2 29 -4 177 80 55 21 15 4 2 1 100.0 48.4 27.5 12.8 7.7 2.1 0.9 0.2 100.0 45.2 30.9 12.0 8.4 2.1 0.9 0.3 1.6 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 2 0 5 0 4 1 2 16 1 0 1 -4 -10 -8 -9 1 -8 -13 2 -9 6 -5 28 -29 165 64 54 17 9 7 5 5 100.0 40.3 27.9 13.3 4.8 5.7 2.9 2.1 100.0 38.8 32.8 10.2 5.7 4.3 2.8 3.1 1.4 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 1.3 0.5 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 3 2 8 -3 8 -4 3 13 -9 1 -19 -13 -9 -20 -15 9 -3 -21 21 -11 23 12 -1 13 118 42 42 14 8 8 3 0 100.0 39.2 33.8 10.9 7.9 5.0 2.2 0.2 100.0 35.5 35.5 11.7 6.7 6.7 2.3 0.3 1.0 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 4 2 6 6 0 12 6 19 7 2 19 1 -9 14 -1 -11 2 -1 -2 22 0 24 -1 -10 World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Table II.26 Trade in manufactures of the United States, the European Union (28) and China by origin and destination, 2014 (Billion dollars and percentage) Exports Value 2014 Share 2010 Imports Annual percentage change 2014 2010-14 2013 Value 2014 2014 Annual percentage change Share 2010 2014 2010-14 2013 2014 United States 100.0 100.0 5 2 3 World 1752 100.0 100.0 6 2 6 412 34.0 35.4 6 3 4 North America 390 22.4 22.3 6 2 6 106 10.0 9.1 3 -3 -5 South and Central America 47 2.7 2.7 6 -2 -2 32 3.1 2.8 2 0 -6 Brazil 15 0.7 0.9 10 -7 7 239 21.9 20.5 4 2 7 Europe 386 20.8 22.0 8 3 9 215 19.9 18.5 4 1 7 352 19.1 20.1 8 2 9 13 0.7 1.1 19 11 0 9 0.5 0.5 9 -8 27 10 0.5 0.8 20 9 0 8 0.4 0.4 12 -4 35 25 1.9 2.1 8 -1 17 Africa 10 0.6 0.6 3 2 1 62 4.3 5.3 11 3 2 Middle East 28 1.7 1.6 4 3 3 306 27.2 26.3 4 3 4 Asia 80 6.0 6.9 9 18 8 European Union (28) CIS Russian Federation 883 51.4 50.4 6 2 5 China 470 27.0 26.8 6 4 6 45 4.2 3.8 3 -8 1 Japan 131 8.6 7.5 3 -6 -3 123 11.6 10.6 3 2 4 Six East Asian traders 142 10.3 8.1 0 0 7 4718 100.0 100.0 4 4 4 World 4242 100.0 100.0 3 3 5 419 7.9 8.9 7 3 8 North America 244 5.6 5.7 4 -1 5 95 2.0 2.0 5 4 -6 South and Central America 20 0.7 0.5 -6 -16 -6 43 0.9 0.9 4 7 -5 Brazil 10 0.3 0.2 -4 -13 -4 3216 70.0 68.2 3 4 5 Europe 3128 72.4 73.7 3 4 5 2931 64.1 62.1 3 4 5 2931 68.1 69.1 3 4 5 166 3.5 3.5 4 1 -14 121 2.4 2.6 5 -1 -12 139 3.0 2.9 4 5 0 Africa 41 1.0 1.0 3 3 2 145 2.9 3.1 5 7 4 Middle East 27 0.6 0.6 3 8 -9 523 10.3 11.1 6 3 4 Asia 726 18.2 17.1 1 -1 7 185 3.2 3.9 9 6 11 China 387 9.6 9.1 2 -1 8 59 1.2 1.2 5 0 -2 Japan 69 2.2 1.6 -5 -9 -4 150 3.9 3.2 -1 4 3 Six East Asian traders 130 4.2 3.1 -5 -3 4 European Union (28) European Union (28) CIS Russian Federation 36 0.8 0.8 4 1 2 23 0.5 0.5 5 1 2 II MERCHANDISE TRADE 1164 China a 2202 100.0 100.0 11 8 6 World 1178 100.0 100.0 7 7 4 549 25.7 24.9 10 7 6 North America 121 8.7 10.3 12 24 7 97 4.4 4.4 10 -1 -1 South and Central America 9 0.8 0.8 5 -13 -6 34 2.2 1.5 1 7 -2 Brazil 3 0.3 0.3 7 -14 6 460 25.8 20.9 5 2 7 Europe 228 17.6 19.3 10 4 12 434 24.6 19.7 5 2 7 213 16.4 18.1 10 4 12 82 3.5 3.7 13 10 3 6 0.8 0.5 -3 -4 -8 51 1.9 2.3 17 13 9 3 0.4 0.2 -7 -19 -8 100 3.6 4.5 17 10 16 Africa 9 0.4 0.7 27 31 61 113 4.0 5.1 17 13 22 Middle East 23 1.6 1.9 12 7 2 800 32.6 36.3 14 12 4 Asia 782 70.1 66.4 6 6 1 169 8.8 7.7 7 3 -2 Japan 151 18.2 12.8 -2 -9 1 314 13.7 14.3 12 17 0 Six East Asian traders 374 36.6 31.7 3 14 2 European Union (28) CIS Russian Federation a In 2014, China reported imports from China accounting for nearly 14 per cent of its manufacture imports. For further information, see the Metadata. World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 89 Table II.27 Leading exporters and importers of manufactures, 2014 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value Share in world exports/imports Annual percentage change 2014 1980 1990 2000 2014 2010-14 2012 2013 2014 4718 1787 2202 1164 598 495 454 5 449 309 291 122 172 263 212 212 200 170 144 121 0.8 13.0 11.2 1.4 1.2 0.4 0.8 0.4 0.3 1.6 2.7 2.4 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.1 1.9 12.1 11.5 2.5 1.1 1.1 1.6 1.0 0.6 2.6 3.1 2.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.4 43.0 14.1 4.7 13.8 9.6 3.3 0.5 3.0 2.5 1.3 1.2 3.0 3.7 1.5 0.7 1.1 1.7 0.5 38.5 14.6 18.0 9.5 4.9 4.0 0.0 2.5 2.4 1.0 1.4 2.1 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 4 6 11 5 -3 5 5 -11 5 9 3 0 6 2 3 6 10 5 2 8 -5 0 9 5 -2 -2 4 -11 4 9 1 1 1 -3 3 -4 -4 2 -1 4 4 4 8 2 -12 4 4 -6 4 6 2 -7 10 1 -2 3 6 3 -1 7 4 1 6 3 -5 3 3 3 3 8 1 -3 3 0 2 5 7 1 4 5 11103 - - 92.5 90.7 - - - - 4242 1311 1752 1178 493 43 408 344 317 276 226 225 52 186 169 169 164 161 11.2 1.1 1.1 2.3 3.7 1.5 0.9 1.2 0.8 0.5 2.3 0.9 0.9 1.3 15.4 1.7 0.9 4.1 3.8 1.3 1.8 1.8 1.2 0.5 2.4 1.5 0.5 1.3 40.0 12.6 19.8 3.5 0.6 4.3 4.1 3.1 2.0 0.4 2.2 1.1 0.5 1.4 2.3 0.8 1.2 33.2 10.3 13.7 9.2 0.4 3.2 2.7 2.5 2.2 1.8 1.8 0.4 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 3 2 6 7 6 21 4 4 7 4 6 3 -5 4 5 1 5 4 -8 -7 6 3 5 18 4 5 8 -4 7 3 7 -2 -5 -8 0 10 3 1 2 7 4 1 -4 0 4 2 -1 1 -19 -4 4 0 6 -8 5 5 6 4 5 22 2 1 5 5 -12 -2 -14 3 4 4 -5 -2 9491 - - 86.1 76.9 - - - - Exporters European Union (28) extra-EU (28) exports China a United States Japan Korea, Republic of Hong Kong, China domestic exports b re-exports b Mexico a Singapore domestic exports re-exports Chinese Taipei Canada Switzerland India Thailand Malaysia a Turkey Above 15 Importers European Union (28) extra-EU (28) imports United States China a, c Hong Kong, China retained imports b Japan Canada d Mexico a, d Korea, Republic of Russian Federation d Singapore retained imports India Switzerland Chinese Taipei Brazil d Australia d Above 15 a Includes significant shipments through processing zones b Includes Secretariat estimates. c In 2014, China reported imports of manufactures from China amounting to $142.2 billion. For further information, see the Metadata. d Imports are valued f.o.b. 90 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Table II.28 Exports of manufactures of selected economies, 1990-2014 (Billion dollars and percentage) Share in economy's total merchandise exports Value 2000 2012 2013 2014 2010 2014 a 2391 | 4 7 1 ... 16 ... 73 1 44 2 0 2 | 1 0 0 76 27 48 13 9 | 10 275 1 61 16 25 2 2 11 4 6 4 ... 37 23 14 8 1 60 62 15 2 9 3 290 ... 4690 9 15 6 5 2 32 1 176 3 220 4 4 5 2 | 2 2015 663 1352 1 | 192 22 170 33 37 | 30 450 1 1 155 79 139 5 4 13 8 35 26 6 ... 118 | 63 | 54 | 14 4 70 141 52 5 22 10 7 646 6 11473 25 32 23 22 5 82 7 211 10 1925 10 7 5 13 4 4387 1709 2678 4 423 5 418 177 68 58 710 5 12 463 140 269 14 8 24 19 43 102 46 7 283 134 152 43 7 195 262 163 12 108 41 69 1102 79 11826 25 30 27 17 7 85 9 207 10 2077 10 7 5 14 4 4556 1771 2785 4 440 5 435 188 68 62 626 6 8 481 138 285 14 8 25 18 42 97 48 10 288 125 167 40 7 201 264 168 12 115 36 83 1125 98 12243 21 29 28 17 7 75 10 212 10 2202 9 7 5 13 4 4718 1787 2931 4 454 5 449 200 71 64 598 6 8 495 144 309 16 8 25 18 49 104 45 10 291 122 172 42 8 212 263 170 12 121 29 85 1164 111 67.0 32.2 12.6 93.3 52.8 78.5 34.9 95.8 48.0 11.9 93.6 22.0 58.1 60.8 41.5 71.4 77.3 80.3 75.8 42.6 93.1 46.4 94.9 61.0 37.0 93.0 88.4 72.6 11.2 88.2 67.1 74.5 63.4 22.6 18.2 74.4 85.1 20.9 12.7 59.4 72.2 66.2 82.1 43.5 64.2 86.3 89.1 73.2 76.0 77.7 63.6 24.7 73.8 64.0 66.2 29.6 11.9 92.3 45.7 90.3 33.3 92.8 44.7 13.6 94.0 17.1 59.2 52.2 49.6 75.4 76.6 79.0 75.1 39.4 86.7 32.4 88.4 62.3 40.2 93.8 87.4 73.8 9.6 86.4 61.6 77.8 67.0 19.9 17.5 74.7 78.3 20.8 12.8 67.7 70.9 56.5 88.9 46.5 68.2 68.1 83.8 74.7 72.2 76.8 53.3 23.6 71.8 73.9 II MERCHANDISE TRADE World Argentina Australia Bangladesh b, c Belarus Botswana c Brazil Cambodia c Canada Chile China d Colombia Costa Rica d Dominican Republic d Egypt c El Salvador d European Union (28) extra-EU (28) exports intra-EU (28) exports Guatemala Hong Kong, China domestic exports c re-exports c India e Indonesia d Israel e Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Korea, Republic of Malaysia d Mexico d Morocco c, d New Zealand Norway Pakistan c Philippines c, d Russian Federation Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of c Serbia Singapore domestic exports re-exports South Africa e Sri Lanka c Switzerland Chinese Taipei Thailand Tunisia c Turkey Ukraine United Arab Emirates c, f United States Viet Nam c 1990 a Or nearest year. b Figures refer to fiscal year. c Includes Secretariat estimates. d Includes significant exports from processing zones. e Includes significant exports of diamonds. For the most recent year, the share of diamonds in exports of manufactures was 12.1 per cent for India, 32.1 per cent for Israel and 5.7 per cent for South Africa. f Mainly re-exports. World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 91 Table II.29 Imports of manufactures of selected economies, 1990-2014 (Billion dollars and percentage) Share in economy's total merchandise imports Value Algeria b Argentina Australia c Bangladesh b, d Belarus Brazil e Canada c Chile b China f Colombia Costa Rica b, f Côte d'Ivoire Dominican Republic b, f, g Ecuador Egypt b European Union (28) h extra-EU (28) imports Guatemala f Hong Kong, China retained imports b India i Indonesia b, f Iran b Iraq b Israel i Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Korea, Republic of Kuwait b Lebanese Republic b Malaysia f Mexico c, f Morocco b, f New Zealand Nigeria b Norway Oman b Pakistan Peru Philippines Qatar Russian Federation c Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of b Serbia Singapore retained imports South Africa b Sri Lanka b Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic b Chinese Taipei Thailand Trinidad and Tobago b Tunisia b Turkey Ukraine United Arab Emirates b United States Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. of Viet Nam b 1990 2000 2012 2013 2014 2010 2014 a 7 3 32 2 13 93 5 42 4 1 ... 2 2 7 1 71 22 12 | 17 15 ... 12 100 1 1 44 3 ... 23 32 4 8 5 21 2 4 2 9 1 18 ... 44 30 13 2 58 1 37 25 1 4 14 9 376 5 2 6 22 59 5 4 41 201 12 170 9 5 1 7 | 3 8 | 1960 615 3 | 193 27 22 30 | 10 2 29 213 3 4 2 98 6 3 68 150 7 11 4 27 3 5 5 29 3 19 22 ... 110 | 55 | 18 5 68 2 | 110 47 2 6 38 6 23 968 12 11 34 55 178 22 22 163 340 54 1059 44 13 5 10 17 35 3915 1237 11 453 35 188 119 36 40 50 418 9 34 10 257 21 10 133 290 24 26 26 66 18 20 31 42 20 262 120 12 227 75 64 11 157 4 163 163 5 16 132 48 127 1618 45 84 39 58 164 23 23 173 341 54 1135 45 13 7 9 18 32 4029 1244 11 471 35 181 112 29 44 50 400 11 38 10 263 23 11 136 302 26 27 26 68 21 21 31 42 22 258 125 13 228 61 65 11 163 3 163 158 5 16 146 44 142 1651 32 101 42 49 161 27 21 164 344 49 1178 48 12 6 10 18 37 4242 1311 12 493 43 186 105 35 42 52 408 11 34 12 276 25 11 137 317 26 30 27 69 21 24 31 44 25 226 125 13 225 52 61 12 169 4 169 148 4 16 144 31 139 1752 27 114 77.5 84.3 72.3 66.0 47.4 74.0 74.7 68.5 64.0 80.8 74.8 54.6 58.2 67.7 59.9 69.6 59.2 65.9 88.2 20.3 45.0 63.2 58.4 75.5 69.2 50.0 55.2 60.8 59.2 56.4 80.7 54.7 73.3 79.5 58.8 68.8 86.5 74.8 72.4 48.0 72.5 66.8 83.0 73.4 76.1 51.8 64.9 44.5 64.6 58.6 80.0 54.1 65.1 66.8 49.8 72.3 62.5 52.8 58.0 69.5 67.0 72.0 71.9 75.5 71.0 63.3 50.3 71.6 74.4 67.8 60.1 75.1 71.0 56.8 59.2 64.8 55.3 69.2 58.7 64.3 82.0 28.7 40.2 58.8 69.6 71.9 68.6 49.6 47.6 81.6 63.8 52.5 78.2 51.7 65.8 79.2 57.7 70.7 45.6 77.0 70.4 49.7 72.5 65.0 71.9 73.4 76.4 61.9 61.3 30.4 60.7 60.3 61.4 54.1 61.7 65.1 49.8 66.2 59.7 56.7 53.2 72.6 60.9 76.5 a Or nearest year. b Includes Secretariat estimates. c Imports are valued f.o.b. d Figures refer to fiscal year. e Beginning 2000, imports are valued f.o.b. f Includes significant imports into processing zones. g Until 2010, imports are valued f.o.b. h See the Metadata for information on intra-EU (28) imports. i Includes significant imports of diamonds. For the most recent year, the share of diamonds in total imports of manufactures was 11.6 per cent for India and 18.0 per cent for Israel. 92 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 4.1 Iron and steel Table II.30 Exports of iron and steel of selected regions and economies by destination, 2014 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Share in world exports Annual percentage change 2014 2010 2014 2010 2014 2010-14 2013 2014 472 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 3 -7 5 185 137 14 11 9 7 3 3 100.0 75.1 5.3 5.7 4.6 4.9 2.1 1.8 100.0 74.1 7.7 5.8 4.8 3.7 1.8 1.8 42.3 31.8 2.2 2.4 1.9 2.1 0.9 0.7 39.3 29.1 3.0 2.3 1.9 1.5 0.7 0.7 1 1 11 1 2 -6 -2 1 -6 -4 -18 -1 -8 -18 -6 -12 0 0 29 -12 -3 -22 -9 -8 178 99 25 19 15 9 8 4 100.0 63.0 9.6 9.7 8.0 4.6 3.2 1.9 100.0 55.9 13.9 10.8 8.2 4.9 4.4 2.0 33.3 21.0 3.2 3.2 2.7 1.5 1.1 0.6 37.7 21.1 5.2 4.1 3.1 1.8 1.7 0.7 6 3 16 9 7 8 15 8 -6 -8 -11 -1 -12 1 31 15 13 7 35 27 19 16 7 -21 37 27 4 2 1 1 1 0 100.0 80.0 7.9 4.0 3.3 2.5 1.4 0.9 100.0 73.4 11.9 5.9 3.1 2.4 2.3 0.9 9.9 7.9 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 7.9 5.8 0.9 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 -3 -5 8 7 -4 -3 9 -1 -11 -11 -14 -22 -34 6 52 4 -4 -6 14 16 0 -12 -13 -26 140 16 12 5 4 3 3 0 100.0 33.6 24.6 5.2 15.3 14.6 3.5 1.7 100.0 36.4 28.1 10.7 9.2 7.8 6.2 0.8 23.4 3.6 2.6 0.5 1.6 1.6 0.4 0.2 29.7 3.3 2.6 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.1 9 1 2 19 -13 -15 14 -18 -4 -12 0 -24 -36 -41 19 -25 18 7 -16 78 -13 5 16 -7 43 27 4 2 1 1 1 0 100.0 80.0 7.9 4.0 3.3 2.5 1.4 0.9 100.0 73.4 11.9 5.9 3.1 2.4 2.3 0.9 10.6 7.9 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 9.2 5.8 0.9 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 -1 -5 8 7 -4 -3 9 -1 -16 -11 -14 -22 -34 6 52 4 2 -6 14 16 0 -12 -13 -26 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics II MERCHANDISE TRADE World Europe World Europe North America Asia Africa Middle East Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) South and Central America Asia World Asia North America Europe Middle East South and Central America Africa Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Japan World Asia North America Middle East Europe South and Central America Africa Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Other economies in Asia World Asia North America Europe Middle East South and Central America Africa Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) World Europe Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) North America Asia Middle East Africa South and Central America Share in region's exports 93 Table II.31 Leading exporters and importers of iron and steel, 2014 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value Share in world exports/imports Annual percentage change 2014 1980 1990 2000 2014 2010-14 2012 2013 2014 Exporters European Union (28) extra-EU (28) exports China a Japan Korea, Republic of Russian Federation United States Ukraine Chinese Taipei India Turkey Brazil Canada South Africa Mexico a Singapore domestic exports re-exports 169 49 72 37 29 25 20 14 12 12 11 11 7 7 5 3 1 3 0.3 20.1 2.2 4.2 0.4 0.1 0.0 1.1 2.3 1.6 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 1.2 11.8 3.4 3.3 0.8 0.2 1.4 3.4 1.9 2.0 0.7 0.4 0.1 0.3 47.1 11.4 3.1 10.4 4.7 5.0 4.4 3.6 3.2 0.9 1.3 2.5 2.3 1.9 1.2 0.4 0.1 0.3 35.9 10.3 15.3 7.9 6.1 5.3 4.2 2.9 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.3 1.6 1.4 1.1 0.7 0.1 0.6 1 2 16 -3 4 1 4 -3 2 2 1 5 1 -4 4 5 3 3 -13 -5 -3 -6 -5 -2 3 -15 -11 5 2 -11 1 -15 -13 1 -8 5 -6 -8 2 -11 -12 -18 -4 -7 -3 6 -12 -19 -9 -7 14 -5 -8 -6 0 -2 32 -4 9 19 0 -14 5 -1 -7 19 8 10 -1 2 14 -9 Above 15 434 - - 92.0 92.1 - - - - Importers European Union (28) extra-EU (28) imports United States China a Korea, Republic of Thailand Canada b Mexico a, b Turkey Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of c India United Arab Emirates c Indonesia Japan Chinese Taipei Viet Nam c 158 37 49 22 21 13 13 11 11 10 10 10 9 9 9 9 10.1 2.7 1.2 0.6 1.6 2.2 0.4 2.3 1.0 0.7 1.2 1.1 1.4 ... 9.5 2.5 2.9 2.4 2.0 1.0 1.1 0.7 1.0 0.4 1.1 4.1 2.5 ... 41.4 7.5 12.7 6.4 3.5 1.8 3.5 2.6 1.6 0.7 0.5 0.6 1.1 2.4 3.1 0.6 32.0 7.5 10.0 4.6 4.3 2.7 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8 1 2 12 -3 -2 3 5 8 4 10 0 13 6 2 0 6 -19 -27 10 -16 -17 10 3 23 -4 26 -3 13 28 -15 -14 -4 -4 -2 -13 -6 -10 1 -12 -11 10 -12 -24 6 -8 -19 -5 10 3 8 26 5 10 -13 11 9 -7 0 17 4 -14 13 7 13 Above 15 365 - - 82.4 74.3 - - - - a Includes significant shipments through processing zones b Imports are valued f.o.b. c Includes Secretariat estimates. 94 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 4.2 Chemicals Table II.32 Exports of chemicals of selected regions and economies by destination, 2014 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value Share in region's exports Share in world exports Annual percentage change 2014 2010 2014 2010 2014 2010-14 2013 2014 2054 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 7 2 3 World 1112 100.0 100.0 55.3 54.1 4 3 3 Europe 758 69.0 68.2 38.2 36.9 4 4 4 North America 121 11.0 10.9 6.1 5.9 4 -1 8 Asia 103 9.1 9.2 5.0 5.0 5 2 2 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 40 3.5 3.6 1.9 1.9 5 7 -7 South and Central America 27 2.2 2.4 1.2 1.3 7 3 0 Africa 29 2.3 2.6 1.3 1.4 7 7 3 Middle East 28 2.4 2.5 1.3 1.4 6 7 3 World 474 100.0 100.0 21.5 23.1 7 2 4 Asia 298 65.5 63.0 14.1 14.5 6 2 2 Europe 63 13.5 13.2 2.9 3.0 6 -3 8 North America 53 10.5 11.2 2.3 2.6 8 1 10 World Europe South and Central America 20 3.3 4.2 0.7 1.0 13 5 3 Africa 17 2.8 3.6 0.6 0.8 13 11 10 Middle East 15 2.9 3.2 0.6 0.7 9 2 12 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 7 1.4 1.6 0.3 0.4 10 7 -1 II MERCHANDISE TRADE Asia China World 134 100.0 100.0 5.1 6.5 11 5 12 Asia 60 44.6 44.7 2.3 2.9 11 3 16 Europe 25 21.7 18.7 1.1 1.2 7 5 9 North America 22 16.8 16.3 0.9 1.1 11 5 9 South and Central America 10 6.1 7.5 0.3 0.5 17 14 10 Africa 7 3.9 5.0 0.2 0.3 19 15 16 Middle East 6 3.9 4.4 0.2 0.3 15 9 16 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 4 3.1 3.3 0.2 0.2 13 12 5 World 339 100.0 100.0 16.4 16.5 5 1 1 Asia 238 72.1 70.2 11.8 11.6 4 2 -1 Europe 37 10.9 11.0 1.8 1.8 5 -8 7 North America 31 8.5 9.2 1.4 1.5 7 -1 11 South and Central America 10 2.5 2.9 0.4 0.5 9 -3 -3 Africa 10 2.5 3.0 0.4 0.5 10 8 5 Middle East 9 2.7 2.8 0.4 0.5 6 -2 10 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 3 0.8 0.8 0.1 0.1 5 1 -9 World 265 100.0 100.0 13.7 12.9 3 1 1 North America 98 33.7 36.8 4.6 4.8 6 3 3 Europe 66 27.0 25.0 3.7 3.2 1 1 4 Asia 60 24.6 22.7 3.4 2.9 1 -2 0 South and Central America 32 11.6 12.2 1.6 1.6 5 3 -5 Middle East 4 1.6 1.7 0.2 0.2 5 6 1 Africa 3 1.1 1.2 0.1 0.2 6 1 0 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 1 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.1 2 8 -18 Other economies in Asia North America World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 95 Table II.33 Leading exporters and importers of chemicals, 2014 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value Share in world exports/imports Annual percentage change 2014 1980 1990 2000 2014 2010-14 2012 2013 2014 1004 370 212 134 93 72 67 53 39 14 38 38 37 33 32 25 18 18 1 16 14.8 0.8 4.0 4.7 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.3 2.5 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.6 0.1 - 13.3 1.3 4.7 5.3 0.8 1.1 0.7 0.4 2.2 0.9 0.4 0.8 0.2 0.6 0.3 - 53.9 18.6 13.7 2.1 3.6 6.0 2.4 1.6 1.1 0.6 2.5 1.6 0.7 0.7 1.2 0.7 0.7 0.1 - 48.9 18.0 10.3 6.5 4.5 3.5 3.3 2.6 1.9 0.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.2 0.9 0.1 - 4 5 3 11 6 -2 8 7 5 10 3 2 12 11 7 10 4 -1 -7 1 -4 0 0 -1 0 -7 1 5 5 4 -6 -7 8 9 1 1 -10 -2 -8 -2 3 3 1 5 4 -4 8 -7 -9 2 2 3 8 5 -8 5 7 -4 -4 -4 3 2 2 12 7 -5 1 6 5 3 0 -3 3 -6 11 1 0 -5 -5 -5 1857 - - 91.5 90.4 - - - - 853 219 212 192 64 49 48 48 47 46 45 37 35 33 26 11 24 6.2 2.0 4.1 2.5 2.2 ... 1.3 1.5 2.4 1.3 0.8 0.9 0.6 ... 7.7 2.2 5.0 2.6 2.5 1.0 2.4 1.2 1.1 2.3 0.9 1.5 1.1 1.1 44.0 10.5 12.2 4.9 4.2 2.1 3.2 0.8 2.2 2.4 1.6 0.6 2.5 1.2 1.2 0.7 0.9 40.3 10.4 10.0 9.1 3.0 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.1 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.2 0.5 1.1 4 5 5 6 1 7 4 9 4 8 9 5 1 7 5 1 9 -5 -3 -1 -1 -3 -1 2 5 -2 6 1 3 -10 -5 2 0 6 3 0 0 6 -11 7 2 0 -1 3 7 5 -1 7 -2 -6 0 4 5 6 1 -2 5 1 8 1 6 0 -7 -1 4 1 -1 1 1759 - - 84.2 83.1 - - - - Exporters European Union (28) extra-EU (28) exports United States China a Switzerland Japan Korea, Republic of Singapore domestic exports re-exports Canada Chinese Taipei India Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of b Russian Federation Thailand Israel Hong Kong, China domestic exports b re-exports b Above 15 Importers European Union (28) extra-EU (28) imports United States China a Japan Switzerland Canada c India Korea, Republic of Mexico a, c Brazil c Russian Federation c Chinese Taipei Turkey Singapore retained imports Indonesia Above 15 a Includes significant shipments through processing zones b Includes Secretariat estimates. c Imports are valued f.o.b. 96 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Table II.34 Leading exporters and importers of pharmaceuticals, 2014 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value Share in world exports/imports Annual percentage change 2014 2010 2014 2010-14 2012 2013 2014 357 157 67 49 13 13 8 7 1 7 6 4 3 3 2 2 2 1 0 1 66.1 26.7 10.6 9.6 2.3 1.5 1.3 1.1 0.2 1.2 1.4 0.6 0.9 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.1 - 64.9 28.5 12.2 8.8 2.4 2.4 1.5 1.3 0.2 1.3 1.1 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.1 - 4 6 8 2 6 16 8 8 7 6 -1 12 -6 -7 6 10 5 -5 -2 -10 0 0 2 5 1 15 30 34 5 -8 -7 12 -11 16 7 16 2 -7 17 -13 3 4 6 -1 3 13 -14 -17 18 7 -8 -3 -8 -23 -7 4 0 -25 -8 -30 5 5 8 10 9 6 4 4 -5 29 2 -16 -9 -23 4 15 3 11 11 11 537 97.4 97.6 - - - - 284 83 77 25 21 19 13 13 9 8 5 5 5 5 5 3 52.1 13.5 13.9 4.0 3.7 1.7 2.6 2.4 1.8 1.4 1.0 0.8 0.7 1.0 0.6 0.5 50.1 14.7 13.5 4.5 3.7 3.4 2.3 2.3 1.6 1.5 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.6 4 7 4 8 5 24 2 4 1 5 3 8 11 0 14 7 0 2 -2 -2 12 23 -1 0 -1 5 9 7 17 -15 5 12 2 2 -2 10 -10 17 -1 10 -9 8 1 1 16 3 -5 0 6 9 14 6 -4 18 4 -12 -9 0 -1 13 0 5 -3 4 498 88.3 87.8 - - - - Exporters Above 15 II MERCHANDISE TRADE European Union (28) extra-EU (28) exports Switzerland United States China a India Singapore domestic exports re-exports Canada Israel Panama b Japan Australia Mexico a Korea, Republic of Brazil Hong Kong, China domestic exports b re-exports b Importers European Union (28) extra-EU (28) imports United States Switzerland Japan China a Canada c Russian Federation c Australia c Brazil c Mexico a, c Korea, Republic of Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of b Turkey Panama b India Above 15 a Includes significant shipments through processing zones b Includes Secretariat estimates. c Imports are valued f.o.b. World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 97 4.3 Office and telecom equipment Table II.35 Exports of office and telecom equipment of selected regions and economies by destination, 2014 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value World Asia World Asia North America Europe South and Central America Middle East Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Africa China World Asia North America Europe South and Central America Middle East Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Africa Other economies in Asia World Asia North America Europe Middle East South and Central America Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Africa Europe World Europe Asia North America Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Middle East Africa South and Central America North America World North America Asia Europe South and Central America Middle East Africa Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 98 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics Share in region's exports Share in world exports Annual percentage change 2014 2010 2014 2010 2014 2010-14 2013 2014 1794 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 3 4 2 1186 664 255 195 21 26 12 12 100.0 52.7 21.6 20.7 1.6 1.6 0.8 0.9 100.0 56.0 21.5 16.4 1.8 2.2 1.0 1.0 62.4 32.9 13.5 12.9 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.6 66.1 37.0 14.2 10.9 1.2 1.5 0.7 0.7 4 6 4 -2 6 13 10 8 7 10 5 -1 11 10 -2 7 3 2 4 2 -6 16 4 25 595 241 179 129 14 14 9 8 100.0 33.1 29.9 30.0 2.5 1.9 1.3 1.3 100.0 40.5 30.1 21.7 2.4 2.4 1.5 1.4 27.8 9.2 8.3 8.4 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.4 33.2 13.4 10.0 7.2 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.5 7 13 7 -1 6 13 11 9 10 23 6 -4 5 5 -3 12 0 -6 4 3 -6 27 9 33 590 423 75 65 12 7 3 4 100.0 68.5 14.9 13.2 1.4 1.0 0.4 0.6 100.0 71.7 12.7 11.1 2.1 1.2 0.6 0.7 34.5 23.7 5.1 4.6 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.2 32.9 23.6 4.2 3.7 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.2 1 3 -2 -3 12 6 8 6 4 3 3 4 16 25 0 -1 5 7 3 0 5 -7 -7 11 359 279 31 16 10 11 8 3 100.0 77.9 8.6 4.2 3.2 2.7 2.5 0.8 100.0 77.8 8.7 4.4 2.8 3.1 2.2 0.8 23.4 18.2 2.0 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.2 20.0 15.6 1.7 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.2 -1 -1 -1 0 -4 3 -4 1 -2 -1 -3 -1 -7 0 -10 1 2 4 -1 5 -22 -1 -2 0 219 115 54 22 19 7 1 1 100.0 51.7 25.7 10.8 9.7 1.4 0.5 0.2 100.0 52.3 24.8 10.2 8.7 3.0 0.6 0.3 12.7 6.6 3.3 1.4 1.2 0.2 0.1 0.0 12.2 6.4 3.0 1.3 1.1 0.4 0.1 0.0 2 2 1 0 -1 22 7 9 0 0 0 -3 -3 13 -20 3 3 2 6 6 -9 8 17 -7 World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Table II.36 Leading exporters and importers of office and telecom equipment, 2014 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value Share in world exports/imports Annual percentage change 2014 1980 1990 2000 2014 2010-14 2012 2013 2014 595 352 96 237 0 237 145 126 28 82 109 98 66 66 65 37 36 23 9 8 0.1 2.0 19.5 3.2 2.5 0.7 2.0 3.2 1.4 21.1 0.1 ... 0.0 0.1 2.0 ... 1.0 1.6 17.3 6.4 4.9 1.5 4.8 4.7 2.7 22.5 1.5 ... 1.2 0.6 1.9 ... 4.5 29.3 8.7 0.4 15.9 7.7 4.3 3.3 6.1 6.0 5.4 11.2 3.5 0.1 1.9 2.6 2.1 0.1 33.2 19.6 5.3 0.0 8.1 7.0 1.6 4.6 6.1 5.5 3.7 3.7 3.6 2.1 2.0 1.3 0.5 0.5 7 -1 -1 8 -26 7 2 0 -7 5 3 3 -1 -8 2 59 0 -5 -4 14 9 -8 -8 8 -25 8 -1 -2 -1 -1 -6 -4 -6 -5 6 85 5 -21 -6 16 10 -2 -3 8 -38 8 1 5 -13 13 14 5 1 -15 -1 55 -3 -1 -9 15 0 2 -3 7 7 7 3 -1 -12 3 7 1 4 -7 3 14 2 25 -3 4 1735 - - 96.9 96.7 - - - - 480 224 377 314 253 17 92 91 9 64 58 50 47 32 29 28 28 23 0.6 15.9 1.7 2.6 2.6 1.9 0.9 1.3 1.4 1.6 4.1 ... 0.2 0.1 - 1.3 21.1 1.4 3.7 4.5 2.9 1.5 2.6 2.5 1.9 3.5 ... 1.1 0.2 - 33.9 14.7 4.4 21.2 1.3 6.0 5.3 2.1 2.9 3.3 3.8 3.2 3.0 0.1 1.4 0.3 0.1 24.3 11.3 19.1 15.9 1.4 4.6 4.6 0.4 3.2 2.9 2.5 2.4 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.2 -2 -3 8 3 9 27 3 1 -18 3 5 2 0 -1 41 3 7 3 -9 -10 14 3 9 29 4 3 19 1 -7 -5 -6 -6 66 8 -3 5 -2 -2 13 0 7 -3 0 4 -31 6 6 1 2 -1 43 -3 5 -8 2 0 -4 3 9 41 1 -3 -36 0 12 7 4 -6 13 1 7 3 1741 - - 90.1 88.1 - - - - Exporters Above 15 II MERCHANDISE TRADE China a European Union (28) extra-EU (28) exports Hong Kong, China domestic exports b re-exports b United States Singapore domestic exports re-exports Korea, Republic of Chinese Taipei Malaysia a Japan Mexico a Viet Nam b Thailand Philippines a, b Canada United Arab Emirates b, c Importers European Union (28) extra-EU (28) imports China a, d United States Hong Kong, China retained imports b Japan Singapore retained imports Mexico a, e Korea, Republic of Chinese Taipei Malaysia a Canada e Viet Nam b Thailand India Russian Federation e Above 15 a Includes significant shipments through processing zones b Includes Secretariat estimates. c Mainly re-exports. d In 2014, China reported imports of office and telecom equipment from China amounting to $88.5 billion. For further information, see the Metadata. World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 99 Table II.37 Exports of office and telecom equipment of selected economies, 1990-2014 (Million dollars and percentage) Share in economy's total merchandise exports Value World 1990 2000 2012 2013 2014 2010 2014 a 298551 | 964122 1681471 1750751 1794303 10.8 9.7 Australia 741 1781 2340 2454 2725 1.0 1.1 Brazil 692 2317 1375 1199 904 1.0 0.4 Canada 5622 20631 10423 9474 9147 2.8 1.9 China b 3126 43498 539787 593652 595359 28.5 25.4 Costa Rica b 0 1688 2186 2508 1838 19.0 16.3 European Union (28) - 282468 351406 344498 352090 7.1 5.7 extra-EU (28) exports - 83714 102372 99001 95774 5.6 4.2 intra-EU (28) exports - 198754 249034 245497 256316 8.0 6.6 Hong Kong, China 12886 50066 205230 224035 237021 43.1 45.2 domestic exports c 4772 3991 693 431 461 12.3 3.0 re-exports c 8114 46075 204536 220557 236560 44.3 46.5 India 182 388 5215 4833 2912 1.7 0.9 Indonesia 124 7280 | 7804 6795 6375 5.1 3.6 11.4 Israel 1226 6939 6972 7860 7785 11.8 Japan 67032 108178 82485 70233 65614 12.0 9.6 Jordan 4 36 127 106 147 1.1 1.8 Korea, Republic of 14339 58686 89822 102029 108772 20.7 19.0 Macao, China c 14 19 148 124 150 6.4 12.1 Malaysia b 8207 52382 62541 63187 65721 33.9 28.1 Mexico b 4535 34042 63439 62982 64940 20.3 16.3 Morocco b, c 110 506 680 651 662 3.8 2.8 New Zealand 95 242 423 387 372 1.2 0.9 Norway 655 1142 1337 1294 1307 1.5 0.9 Pakistan 4 6 59 59 48 0.2 0.2 1835 25138 18777 18542 23179 54.3 37.3 Russian Federation Philippines b, c - 337 2320 2742 1811 0.4 0.4 Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of c 14 29 569 892 840 0.1 0.2 Serbia ... ... 283 272 256 2.0 1.7 Singapore 19235 73820 | 120799 126995 125849 36.1 30.7 domestic exports 14685 41523 | 36695 32026 28289 20.7 13.1 re-exports 4549 32297 | 70472 79777 81907 40.4 42.3 South Africa ... 409 1227 1219 1512 1.1 1.7 Switzerland 1520 2928 3201 3312 3189 1.7 1.0 Chinese Taipei 14105 57821 92201 96405 97801 31.6 31.2 Thailand 3520 18653 36327 35176 35836 18.6 15.7 Tunisia c 24 49 1073 909 975 6.0 5.8 Turkey 259 1008 2671 2256 2441 1.8 1.5 Ukraine - 94 857 696 578 1.2 1.1 United Arab Emirates c, d ... 805 6943 8015 8351 2.3 2.3 United States 51658 153399 140186 140996 145106 10.5 9.0 Viet Nam c ... 652 20855 32305 36818 7.9 24.5 a Or nearest year. b Includes significant exports from processing zones. c Includes Secretariat estimates. d Mainly re-exports. 100 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Table II.38 Imports of office and telecom equipment of selected economies, 1990-2014 (Million dollars and percentage) Share in economy's total merchandise imports Value 1990 2000 2012 2013 2014 2010 2014 a 253 305 4343 91 1514 10475 456 4058 365 84 ... 57 226 ... 29 61 12326 4212 662 | 892 ... 939 11273 56 124 7741 128 64 5744 4640 306 905 ... 1732 236 65 320 100 2044 52 811 ... 13392 8842 ... ... 4797 7438 3421 149 1234 698 63365 367 ... 444 3477 10771 199 194 7601 30418 1681 44427 1048 977 ... | 200 591 | 325 64 344126 149078 419 | 59370 13295 2630 705 | 530 4894 60861 201 261 142 34012 409 104 32405 29011 1212 1618 148 3352 372 244 | 224 656 15150 143 1232 1242 ... 54107 | 21810 | 3364 96 8099 38646 14055 318 5522 327 2055 215544 1189 1038 1988 5725 22980 1200 1151 20057 34601 6094 346761 5386 2706 589 1719 2456 533 426 475976 226942 971 216859 12322 25120 13254 3193 6504 90233 761 2621 890 48323 928 1305 43965 60474 1573 3001 2041 6331 1848 1967 1852 3391 16007 1315 24110 11246 743 90420 19948 8244 245 10910 46388 28726 1393 10067 3184 7480 305409 3604 17768 2197 6339 21282 1302 1568 21196 34375 6526 393136 6075 2878 685 1886 2440 555 519 468643 223147 1010 232520 11963 26369 13005 2811 6303 90530 730 2917 847 51371 1997 1428 45062 64027 1621 3060 1619 6368 1620 1877 1902 3505 14987 1529 22224 12028 795 93602 13825 8933 257 11401 46759 27826 1179 11740 2902 9050 306327 1894 25422 2851 4903 21259 1484 1311 20596 32259 5484 377457 6710 2131 672 1876 3070 553 1007 480112 223796 1110 253412 16852 28163 12244 3526 6460 91527 723 2512 636 57758 2202 1403 46987 64009 1733 2976 1735 6217 2083 1817 1524 3902 14013 1721 22824 11976 677 90785 8879 8280 239 11252 49852 28168 1311 12478 1901 7918 314298 1777 28739 3.0 9.2 10.9 4.9 2.5 9.7 8.5 8.4 19.9 10.1 15.5 4.7 6.7 3.8 5.7 8.4 9.7 12.6 6.9 41.2 9.6 6.0 8.3 3.2 9.0 11.9 4.2 3.9 7.0 11.3 4.1 12.7 29.0 18.9 5.9 8.4 6.8 7.6 3.2 9.9 21.9 7.8 31.3 4.4 8.3 7.0 4.5 28.4 14.2 9.9 5.0 6.0 18.5 13.9 6.0 4.6 3.2 4.0 14.5 6.0 8.6 4.9 7.5 9.3 3.5 3.2 9.0 7.0 7.6 19.3 10.5 12.4 3.9 6.8 4.5 5.3 5.3 7.8 10.0 6.1 42.2 40.9 6.1 6.9 6.9 8.6 11.1 3.2 6.1 3.5 11.0 7.0 12.3 22.5 16.0 3.8 7.0 2.9 7.0 4.4 8.6 12.5 9.2 20.7 5.0 7.4 7.3 3.3 24.8 5.1 8.3 2.6 4.1 18.2 12.4 5.3 5.2 3.5 3.0 13.0 4.0 19.3 II MERCHANDISE TRADE Algeria Argentina Australia b Bangladesh c, d Belarus Brazil e Canada b Chile China f Colombia Costa Rica f Dominican Republic f, g Ecuador Egypt El Salvador f Ethiopia European Union (28) h extra-EU (28) imports Guatemala f Hong Kong, China retained imports d India Indonesia Iran Israel Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Korea, Republic of Kuwait d Macao, China d Malaysia f Mexico b, f Morocco d, f New Zealand Nigeria d Norway Pakistan Panama d Paraguay Peru Philippines d Qatar Russian Federation b Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of d Serbia Singapore retained imports South Africa Sudan d Switzerland Chinese Taipei Thailand Tunisia d Turkey Ukraine United Arab Emirates d United States Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. of Viet Nam d a Or nearest year. b Imports are valued f.o.b. c Figures refer to fiscal year. d Includes Secretariat estimates. e Beginning 2000, imports are valued f.o.b. f Includes significant imports into processing zones. g Until 2010, imports are valued f.o.b. h See the Metadata for information on intra-EU (28) imports. World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 101 4.3.1 EDP equipment Table II.39 Leading exporters and importers of EDP and office equipment, 2014 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value Share in world exports/imports Annual percentage change 2014 2010 2014 2010-14 2012 2013 2014 Exporters China a European Union (28) extra-EU (28) exports Hong Kong, China domestic exports b re-exports b United States Mexico a Singapore domestic exports re-exports Thailand Japan Malaysia a Korea, Republic of Chinese Taipei Viet Nam b Philippines a, b United Arab Emirates b, c Canada 226 132 32 54 0 54 50 23 22 9 11 18 15 14 12 10 7 7 3 3 37.7 24.2 5.8 0.0 8.4 2.9 5.4 2.7 2.2 3.4 3.8 4.3 2.7 2.0 0.4 1.9 0.3 0.6 40.9 23.9 5.8 0.0 9.1 4.2 4.0 1.6 1.9 3.3 2.8 2.6 2.2 1.8 1.3 1.3 0.5 0.5 2 0 0 5 13 6 2 10 -7 -12 -3 0 -7 -12 -5 -3 35 -9 12 -4 4 -4 -2 13 33 12 1 13 -5 -5 -6 15 -7 -5 -13 -13 50 -38 16 -11 -2 -1 -1 -4 -45 -4 -2 -6 -8 -13 -1 -5 -8 -7 3 1 51 -14 15 -8 1 3 -3 1 1 1 1 17 -9 -16 -4 2 -8 -10 12 1 14 48 -4 3 Above 15 543 98.2 98.3 - - - - Importers European Union (28) extra-EU (28) imports United States China a, d Hong Kong, China retained imports Japan Mexico a, e Singapore retained imports b Canada e Korea, Republic of Australia e Thailand India Russian Federation e Malaysia a Chinese Taipei 192 92 123 58 49 ... 26 17 15 3 13 10 9 8 8 8 7 5 36.0 17.8 21.7 10.2 ... 4.5 2.7 3.2 1.1 2.3 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.0 1.3 1.6 1.0 33.6 16.2 21.5 10.1 ... 4.5 3.0 2.6 0.5 2.2 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 0.9 -1 -2 1 1 4 ... 1 4 -4 -15 0 -1 0 1 10 1 -6 0 -6 -7 1 11 15 ... 1 6 -1 8 -5 -5 -1 19 12 5 -8 -1 0 1 -2 -11 -2 ... -5 1 -9 -23 -1 -1 -6 -12 3 -13 -6 1 3 0 0 1 -5 ... -1 2 -5 -36 -2 6 -1 -4 -2 4 -9 5 Above 15 f 498 90.2 87.1 - - - - a Includes significant shipments through processing zones b Includes Secretariat estimates. c Mainly re-exports. d In 2014, China reported imports of EDP and office equipment imports from China amounting to $22.9 billion. For further information, see the Metadata. e Imports are valued f.o.b. f Excludes retained imports of Hong Kong, China. 102 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Table II.40 Exports of EDP and office equipment of selected economies, 1990-2014 (Million dollars and percentage) Share in economy's total merchandise exports Value 1990 2000 2012 2013 2014 2010 2014 a World ... 370997 554575 542408 552287 3.7 3.0 Australia 494 811 1184 1257 1419 0.5 0.6 172 490 370 368 260 0.2 0.1 Canada 2708 5516 2739 2526 2592 0.8 0.5 China b 375 18638 227986 223796 225666 13.1 9.6 Costa Rica b ... 1628 14 14 20 8.6 0.2 European Union (28) - 113297 128690 127900 132008 2.6 2.1 extra-EU (28) exports - 25784 33499 33023 32074 1.8 1.4 intra-EU (28) exports - 87513 95191 94877 99934 3.0 2.6 Hong Kong, China 3518 16402 55819 53674 54022 10.9 10.3 domestic exports c 2086 935 411 224 225 1.0 1.4 re-exports c 1432 15467 55408 53450 53797 11.3 10.6 India 112 | 212 716 570 529 0.3 0.2 1 3041 | 2527 1987 2160 1.5 1.2 Israel 421 902 1040 933 1027 1.8 1.5 Japan 24832 35210 18464 16896 15494 2.7 2.3 Jordan 2 13 46 41 38 0.4 0.5 Indonesia Korea, Republic of 2702 19633 10523 10831 12130 3.2 2.1 Macao, China c ... 12 0 9 16 1.4 1.3 Malaysia b 676 20689 17036 15820 14211 11.9 6.1 Mexico b ... 11757 21069 19746 23159 5.3 5.8 0.2 Morocco b, c 0 2 40 44 58 0.2 New Zealand 53 83 120 106 116 0.4 0.3 Norway 350 460 404 444 419 0.3 0.3 Philippines b, c 180 7208 5531 4757 7018 20.0 11.3 Russian Federation - 87 328 445 728 0.0 0.1 Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of c ... 8 129 134 126 0.0 0.0 Serbia ... ... 93 115 112 0.9 0.8 Singapore 9205 31118 | 26262 24034 21854 8.4 5.3 domestic exports 8022 22320 | 12170 10567 8858 8.1 4.1 re-exports 1183 8799 | 11158 11018 10571 7.1 5.5 South Africa ... 141 468 403 429 0.4 0.5 Sri Lanka ... ... 3 1 5 0.0 0.0 Switzerland 617 1368 983 1022 992 0.5 0.3 3.1 Chinese Taipei 6673 29309 9639 9698 9829 4.0 Thailand 1562 8769 19009 18041 18383 9.5 8.1 Tunisia c 2 2 87 58 71 0.3 0.4 Turkey 20 63 150 182 193 0.1 0.1 Ukraine - 16 67 56 43 0.1 0.1 United Arab Emirates c, d ... 274 2369 2733 2633 0.8 0.7 United States 27766 57595 50902 49686 50340 3.6 3.1 Viet Nam c ... 486 4227 6363 7251 3.0 4.8 II MERCHANDISE TRADE Brazil a Or nearest year. b Includes significant exports from processing zones. c Includes Secretariat estimates. d Mainly re-exports. World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 103 Table II.41 Imports of EDP and office equipment of selected economies, 1990-2014 (Million dollars and percentage) Share in economy's total merchandise imports Value Algeria Argentina Australia b Belarus Brazil c Canada b Chile China d Colombia Costa Rica d Ecuador Egypt European Union (28) e extra-EU (28) imports Guatemala d Hong Kong, China retained imports India Indonesia Iran Israel Japan Kazakhstan Korea, Republic of Kuwait f Malaysia d Mexico b, d Morocco d, f New Zealand Nigeria f Norway Pakistan Paraguay Peru Philippines f Qatar Russian Federation b Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of f Serbia Singapore retained imports f South Africa Switzerland Chinese Taipei Thailand Tunisia f Turkey Ukraine United Arab Emirates f United States Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. of Viet Nam f 1990 2000 2012 2013 2014 2010 2014 a 94 120 2697 469 5171 144 772 123 40 20 78 25 2278 ... 237 | 246 ... 436 5335 1813 ... 686 ... 70 446 ... 1046 47 25 47 338 18 225 ... 4352 3169 ... 2823 1574 1114 58 471 ... 27499 191 ... 111 1191 5043 91 1962 12042 654 10858 420 175 84 205 | 152226 66904 130 | 18341 ... 1413 215 | 155 1717 27550 68 7711 134 4450 5651 195 734 45 1710 204 114 278 2522 53 293 381 ... 16682 | 7883 | 1205 4599 10310 3821 135 1591 104 741 94193 388 217 582 1523 9898 393 5952 13057 2149 63995 1974 378 678 648 186244 91052 279 53341 ... 7611 3337 1465 1908 27116 1115 9051 238 8066 16771 489 1430 502 2909 292 588 1204 3492 500 8388 3005 290 17479 6321 3457 4701 5080 9417 517 3415 456 2140 124829 1237 2228 672 1649 9338 577 5447 12966 2187 57177 2213 402 751 565 186997 92120 294 52160 ... 7803 3471 1083 1902 25850 1256 8979 552 7555 16924 473 1415 508 2884 212 555 1256 2601 575 7329 3046 317 15880 4862 3414 5049 5109 8261 477 3842 481 2354 122860 653 2997 855 1329 9199 513 5085 12718 1877 57992 2361 388 758 522 192326 92393 290 49292 ... 7685 3241 949 1985 25663 825 9560 604 6838 17260 474 1373 544 2816 365 433 1223 2358 614 7600 3033 258 15040 3122 3293 4974 5379 7890 506 3844 504 1980 122908 645 3388 1.3 2.9 4.8 0.9 2.8 3.2 3.2 4.1 3.8 3.7 2.7 1.0 3.7 4.9 1.8 9.6 ... 1.5 2.4 1.6 3.2 3.6 1.4 2.3 1.3 5.4 5.0 1.6 4.2 1.7 3.4 0.6 6.7 3.0 7.6 2.2 3.0 2.5 1.8 5.7 4.1 3.9 2.7 2.1 4.1 2.6 1.8 0.5 0.9 6.1 1.7 2.3 1.5 2.0 4.0 1.3 2.2 2.8 2.6 3.0 3.7 2.3 2.7 0.8 3.1 4.1 1.6 8.2 ... 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.6 3.1 2.0 1.8 1.9 3.3 4.3 1.0 3.2 0.9 3.2 0.8 3.6 2.9 3.5 1.8 2.5 1.9 1.3 4.1 1.8 3.3 1.8 2.0 3.5 2.0 1.6 0.9 0.8 5.1 1.5 2.3 a Or nearest year. b Imports are valued f.o.b. c Beginning 2000, imports are valued f.o.b. d Includes significant imports into processing zones. e See the Metadata for information on intra-EU (28) imports. f Includes Secretariat estimates. 104 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 4.3.2 Telecommunications equipment Table II.42 Leading exporters and importers of telecommunications equipment, 2014 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value Share in world exports/imports Annual percentage change 2010 2014 2010-14 2012 2013 2014 Exporters China a European Union (28) extra-EU (28) exports Hong Kong, China domestic exports b re-exports b United States Korea, Republic of Mexico a Viet Nam b Japan Chinese Taipei Malaysia a Singapore domestic exports re-exports Thailand United Arab Emirates b, c Canada Indonesia 276 169 43 92 0 92 52 40 39 27 15 13 12 12 1 7 9 5 5 3 30.9 29.4 8.3 0.2 7.1 6.6 7.3 0.5 4.2 2.6 2.2 1.9 0.2 0.8 1.4 0.5 1.0 0.8 39.5 24.1 6.1 0.0 7.5 5.7 5.5 3.8 2.2 1.9 1.8 1.7 0.2 1.0 1.3 0.7 0.7 0.5 11 0 -3 9 -46 9 6 1 -2 72 -11 -3 -1 2 -2 10 2 14 -5 -7 10 -8 -13 12 -81 13 2 -16 3 90 0 -17 -6 0 38 -3 9 16 -3 -6 10 -1 -7 11 -39 11 4 18 2 63 -24 -4 -4 0 -42 15 -7 18 -10 -9 9 2 -6 3 3 3 5 4 -4 14 -10 -15 5 -4 -6 0 1 6 -5 -14 Above 15 679 96.7 97.0 - - - - Importers European Union (28) extra-EU (28) imports United States Hong Kong, China retained imports China a, d Japan Mexico a, e India Canada e Russian Federation e Korea, Republic of Viet Nam b Singapore retained imports b Australia e Brazil e Thailand 228 102 151 90 ... 69 39 29 17 16 14 13 13 12 4 11 10 9 35.0 15.6 21.1 ... 6.3 5.2 4.6 2.1 2.5 2.0 1.5 0.5 2.0 1.3 1.5 1.2 0.9 30.6 13.7 20.2 ... 9.2 5.2 3.9 2.3 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.7 0.6 1.4 1.4 1.2 1 1 3 12 ... 14 4 0 6 0 3 9 39 -1 -15 2 7 12 -3 -1 5 19 ... 23 7 1 -7 -2 5 -26 60 -2 0 0 -6 21 1 1 2 7 ... 18 -3 5 10 -4 -6 6 51 -6 -22 -6 13 2 3 -1 5 5 ... -7 -2 -4 17 -6 0 43 13 -8 -36 0 1 3 Above 15 f 633 85.7 84.8 - - - - II MERCHANDISE TRADE 2014 a Includes significant shipments through processing zones b Includes Secretariat estimates. c Mainly re-exports. d In 2014, China reported imports of telecommunications equipment from China amounting to $33.5 billion. For further information, see the Metadata. e Imports are valued f.o.b. f Excludes retained imports of Hong Kong, China. World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 105 Table II.43 Exports of telecommunications equipment of selected economies, 1990-2014 (Million dollars and percentage) Share in economy's total merchandise exports Value 1990 2000 2012 2013 2014 2010 2014 a World ... 286428 640447 671780 700262 3.9 3.8 Australia 226 838 1009 1060 1179 0.4 0.5 0.2 Brazil 442 1596 839 664 477 0.7 Canada 1642 11656 5633 5064 4809 1.5 1.0 China b 2623 19508 229465 252811 276281 11.4 11.8 1.4 Costa Rica b ... 9 67 95 160 0.4 European Union (28) - 110375 166678 164987 169038 3.3 2.7 extra-EU (28) exports - 35583 48842 45529 42891 2.7 1.9 intra-EU (28) exports - 74792 117836 119457 126146 3.6 3.2 Hong Kong, China 6806 19618 80298 89450 92425 16.2 17.6 domestic exports c 2137 537 64 39 40 9.1 0.3 re-exports c 4669 19081 80234 89410 92385 16.5 18.2 0.6 India 31 103 4263 3904 2029 1.1 Indonesia 105 3500 | 4387 3993 3433 2.9 1.9 Israel 662 4256 2977 2640 2701 5.8 4.0 Japan 28809 30514 22183 16934 15220 3.2 2.2 Korea, Republic of 6273 14364 32443 38423 39923 8.2 7.0 Macao, China c ... 4 141 106 128 4.2 10.3 Malaysia b 3209 12965 12455 11899 12458 6.6 5.3 Mexico b ... 19221 39544 40298 38851 14.2 9.8 New Zealand 41 132 195 192 192 0.5 0.5 Norway 295 652 799 750 788 0.9 0.5 Philippines b, c 599 1267 942 979 1046 2.2 1.7 Russian Federation - 153 1789 2098 704 0.3 0.1 Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of c ... 20 434 748 705 0.1 0.2 Singapore 6355 8266 | 12599 12588 12032 3.1 2.9 domestic exports 3820 3770 | 2116 1222 1147 0.7 0.5 re-exports 2535 4495 | 5924 6800 6819 2.8 3.5 South Africa ... 243 710 777 993 0.5 1.1 Switzerland 672 879 1055 1169 1125 0.5 0.4 Chinese Taipei 4996 6745 16401 15753 13351 5.5 4.3 Thailand 1057 4007 9656 8989 9042 4.3 4.0 Tunisia c 21 28 878 753 802 5.1 4.8 Turkey 238 934 2476 2031 2197 1.7 1.4 Uganda c ... 0 151 52 49 5.2 2.1 Ukraine - 68 760 616 510 1.0 0.9 United Arab Emirates c, d ... 524 4183 4943 5236 1.5 1.5 United States 9901 32980 48091 49786 52484 3.2 3.2 Viet Nam c ... 81 14498 23576 26869 4.2 17.9 a Or nearest year. b Includes significant exports from processing zones. c Includes Secretariat estimates. d Mainly re-exports. 106 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Table II.44 Imports of telecommunications equipment of selected economies, 1990-2014 (Million dollars and percentage) Share in economy's total merchandise imports Value 1990 2000 2012 2013 2014 2010 2014 a Algeria 131 298 1262 1396 1734 1.5 3.0 Argentina 123 2092 3751 4113 3209 5.7 4.9 Australia b 4.8 1383 4862 11467 10798 10815 5.2 Bangladesh c, d 73 129 804 873 995 3.1 2.4 Brazil e 555 3071 9165 10315 10387 4.3 4.5 Canada b 2972 10062 17836 17049 16049 4.1 3.5 Chile 303 960 3821 4096 3402 5.1 4.7 China f 2539 12413 62793 73931 68752 2.9 3.5 Colombia 218 597 3275 3730 4209 6.1 6.6 Costa Rica f 35 114 586 718 710 2.7 4.1 Ecuador 32 110 1007 1069 1060 4.0 3.8 Egypt 132 349 | 1734 1812 2467 2.7 3.7 ... 207 325 343 365 3.5 3.5 European Union (28) g - 116567 219572 222306 228371 4.1 3.7 extra-EU (28) imports - 42950 101736 102849 102225 4.9 4.6 El Salvador f retained imports 34 283 | 632 666 721 4.8 3.9 6343 20742 80241 85683 90111 13.1 15.0 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... India 173 | 701 13541 14848 17371 4 3.8 Indonesia 490 403 | 7427 7395 6935 4.3 3.9 ... 256 1622 1651 2494 1.2 4.9 3.3 Iran Israel 304 1669 2254 2223 2462 3.5 Japan 2620 13467 40820 39611 38715 4.7 4.7 Jordan 39 131 451 497 488 2.7 2.1 Kazakhstan - 169 1427 1555 1545 2.2 3.7 Kenya 105 95 555 571 443 5.0 2.4 Korea, Republic of 1368 5830 8879 9385 13450 2.2 2.6 Macao, China d 35 68 943 1018 1127 9.1 9.9 1246 3442 6835 6982 6612 4.2 3.2 Malaysia f Mexico b, f ... 9398 29368 30782 29445 9.6 7.4 Morocco d, f 127 727 692 727 818 2.5 1.8 New Zealand 440 808 1428 1497 1468 3.8 3.5 Nigeria d ... 99 1437 1019 1092 3.7 1.8 Norway 576 1425 3174 3254 3204 3.9 3.6 Pakistan 183 158 1494 1258 1472 2.4 3.1 Paraguay 293 107 1255 1339 1081 15.2 8.9 Peru 51 367 1940 2151 2565 4.5 6.1 Philippines d 686 1949 1569 1560 1473 2.0 2.2 Russian Federation b - 866 14962 14053 14083 5.0 4.6 Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of d 578 811 8062 8756 8718 4.5 5.3 Singapore 4551 6870 | 14327 13396 12360 4.1 3.4 2016 2374 | 8403 6596 4236 5.8 2.5 ... 1859 4416 4666 4334 5.4 4.3 retained imports d South Africa Sri Lanka d 30 155 436 428 391 1.5 2.0 Switzerland Chinese Taipei 1597 2528 4882 5024 4971 2.7 4597 1868 6805 8493 7330 8684 7504 8966 1.9 3.2 1.8 2.7 Thailand 1744 994 3.9 Turkey 403 2993 5789 7052 7655 2.4 3.2 Ukraine - 188 1604 1602 1146 2.4 2.1 United Arab Emirates d ... 1247 5112 6435 5689 3.0 2.2 22727 71769 141979 144458 151093 6.8 6.3 162 760 2228 1202 1093 4.1 2.5 ... 331 7575 11469 12966 4.1 8.7 United States Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. of Viet Nam d II MERCHANDISE TRADE Guatemala f Hong Kong, China a Or nearest year. b Imports are valued f.o.b. c Figures refer to fiscal year. d Includes Secretariat estimates. e Beginning 2000, imports are valued f.o.b. f Includes significant imports into processing zones. g See the Metadata for information on intra-EU (28) imports. World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 107 4.3.3 Intergrated circuits and electronic components Table II.45 Leading exporters and importers of integrated circuits and electronic components, 2014 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value Share in world exports/imports 2014 2010 Annual percentage change 2014 2010-14 2012 2013 2014 -20 Exporters China a 93 13.0 17.2 10 18 42 Singapore 92 17.8 17.0 2 -2 10 2 domestic exports 18 4.5 3.4 -4 -1 -10 -10 re-exports 65 10.6 11.9 6 0 16 4 Hong Kong, China 91 - - 9 1 13 16 domestic exports b 0 0.1 0.0 -14 -22 -23 16 re-exports b 90 - - 6 1 13 16 Chinese Taipei 75 12.6 13.8 5 1 7 5 Korea, Republic of 57 8.9 10.5 7 4 13 7 European Union (28) 51 13.6 9.4 -6 -17 -8 -1 21 4.1 3.8 1 -4 2 2 United States 42 9.8 7.8 -3 -7 1 2 Malaysia a 39 6.3 7.2 6 -6 7 10 extra-EU (28) exports Japan 35 9.8 6.4 -7 -7 -13 -4 Philippines a, b 15 3.4 2.8 -2 -11 4 18 Thailand 8 1.9 1.6 -3 -17 6 3 Israel 4 0.5 0.7 14 55 45 -5 Mexico a 3 0.4 0.5 8 14 4 0 Viet Nam b 3 0.1 0.5 53 166 11 14 Canada 2 0.4 0.3 -1 -8 -8 -7 Above 15 519 98.7 95.8 - - - - China a, c 251 31.4 38.0 8 12 19 -4 Hong Kong, China 114 - - 9 -2 14 20 retained imports 24 3.0 5.3 19 -13 18 39 63 10.0 9.6 2 5 10 -1 2 1.0 0.2 -29 115 -55 -36 Importers Singapore retained imports b European Union (28) 59 18.0 9.0 -13 -29 -15 0 29 10.0 4.4 -16 -35 -17 4 United States 40 5.2 6.1 8 0 1 3 Chinese Taipei 37 6.3 5.6 0 -7 -1 8 Korea, Republic of 35 5.0 5.3 5 1 9 5 Malaysia a 34 5.5 5.1 1 -4 5 10 Japan 27 4.2 4.1 3 1 12 8 Mexico a, d 17 2.2 2.6 7 -5 14 6 Viet Nam b 12 0.3 1.9 60 110 38 13 Thailand 11 2.1 1.7 -2 -8 1 4 Philippines b 10 2.2 1.5 -5 -12 -1 -6 Brazil d 5 0.8 0.8 2 -3 10 -6 Canada d 3 0.8 0.5 -6 -23 18 -20 641 97.1 97.2 - - - - extra-EU (28) imports Above 15 a Includes significant shipments through processing zones b Includes Secretariat estimates. c In 2013, China reported imports of integrated circuits and electronic components from China amounting to $32.1 billion. For further information, see the Metadata. d Imports are valued f.o.b. 108 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Table II.46 Exports of integrated circuits and electronic components of selected economies, 1990-2014 (Million dollars and percentage) Share in economy's total merchandise exports Value 1990 2000 2012 2013 2014 2010 2014 a World ... 306697 486448 536563 541755 3.2 2.9 Australia 20 132 147 137 128 0.1 0.1 Brazil 79 231 166 167 167 0.1 0.1 Canada 1271 3459 2051 1884 1746 0.5 0.4 China b 128 5352 82335 117046 93412 4.0 4.0 Costa Rica b ... 51 2106 2398 1659 10.0 14.7 European Union (28) - 58796 56038 51611 51044 1.3 0.8 extra-EU (28) exports - 22347 20031 20449 20809 1.1 0.9 intra-EU (28) exports - 36450 36007 31162 30236 1.4 0.8 Hong Kong, China 2562 14046 69113 77864 90573 16.0 17.3 domestic exports c 550 2519 218 168 195 2.2 1.2 re-exports c 2012 11527 68894 77696 90378 16.5 17.8 0.1 39 72 236 359 354 0.3 Indonesia 18 739 | 890 815 782 0.6 0.4 Israel 143 1782 2955 4287 4058 4.2 6.0 Japan 13391 42454 41839 36404 34900 6.2 5.1 Korea, Republic of 5364 24688 46855 52774 56719 9.3 9.9 Malaysia b 4321 18729 33050 35467 39052 15.3 16.7 Mexico b ... 3064 2826 2938 2930 0.7 0.7 Morocco b, c 110 480 584 555 556 3.6 2.4 New Zealand 1 26 108 90 64 0.3 0.2 Norway 11 30 134 100 100 0.3 0.1 1053 16663 12304 12806 15114 32.1 24.3 - 97 203 199 380 0.1 0.1 22.4 Philippines b, c Russian Federation Singapore 3675 34436 | 81938 90372 91963 24.6 domestic exports 2844 15433 | 22409 20237 18284 12.0 8.5 re-exports 830 19003 | 53390 61958 64517 30.5 33.3 South Africa ... 25 49 40 90 0.2 0.1 Switzerland 231 681 1163 1120 1072 0.6 0.3 Chinese Taipei, 2435 21767 66161 70954 74620 22.1 23.8 Thailand 901 5877 7662 8146 8412 4.9 3.7 Ukraine - 10 30 24 24 0.1 0.0 United Arab Emirates c, d ... 8 391 339 481 0.1 0.1 United States 13991 62824 41192 41524 42282 3.7 2.6 Viet Nam c ... 85 2130 2366 2697 0.7 1.8 II MERCHANDISE TRADE India a Or nearest year. b Includes significant exports from processing zones. c Includes Secretariat estimates. d Mainly re-exports. World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 109 Table II.47 Imports of integrated circuits and electronic components of selected economies, 1990-2014 (Million dollars and percentage) Share in economy's total merchandise imports Value 1990 2000 2012 2013 2014 2010 2014 a Algeria 27 34 144 129 262 0.2 0.4 Argentina 62 194 451 577 365 0.6 0.6 Australia b 263 867 1614 1147 1245 0.9 0.5 Belarus - 45 97 96 97 0.2 0.2 Brazil c 490 2568 4940 5434 5123 2.6 2.2 Canada b 2333 8314 3708 4360 3493 1.1 0.8 Chile 9 67 124 244 205 0.2 0.3 China d 747 21156 219973 262028 250713 13.0 12.8 Colombia 24 31 137 132 139 0.3 0.2 Costa Rica d 10 688 1742 1758 1033 9.1 6.0 Egypt 16 36 | 73 62 81 0.2 0.1 European Union (28) e - 75333 70160 59340 59414 1.9 1.0 - 39225 34153 28178 29178 2.8 1.3 3705 20286 83276 94677 114009 18.4 19.0 extra-EU (28) imports Hong Kong, China retained imports ... ... ... ... ... 16 ... India 251 | 517 3968 3718 3107 0.6 0.7 Indonesia 156 87 | 2490 2138 2068 1.6 1.2 Iran ... 120 107 78 83 0.3 0.2 Israel 198 1508 2342 2179 2013 2.3 2.7 Japan 3319 19844 22297 25069 27149 3.5 3.3 Korea, Republic of 4560 20470 30393 33008 34748 6.8 6.6 Malaysia d 3812 24513 29064 30525 33537 19.3 16.1 Mexico b, d ... 13961 14335 16321 17304 4.3 4.3 Morocco d, f 109 291 393 422 440 1.8 1.0 New Zealand 20 75 143 148 135 0.4 0.3 Nigeria f ... 4 101 92 99 1.3 0.2 Norway 110 216 248 231 198 0.4 0.2 Pakistan 6 9 62 150 246 0.2 0.5 Peru 2 11 248 99 113 0.3 0.3 1021 10678 10946 10826 10182 21.7 15.1 Russian Federation b - 73 760 842 1141 0.3 0.4 Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of f 8 51 179 226 225 0.1 0.1 Singapore 4489 30556 | 58613 64326 63385 18.5 17 retained imports f 3659 11553 | 5224 2368 1521 4.3 0.9 Philippines f South Africa ... 301 371 853 653 0.5 0.7 Switzerland 377 972 1327 1328 1307 0.7 0.5 Chinese Taipei 4119 23740 34503 34319 36969 14.5 13.5 Thailand 1313 8366 10817 10881 11312 6.6 5.0 Tunisia f 27 35 349 337 350 1.3 1.4 Turkey 361 937 863 846 979 0.4 0.4 Ukraine - 36 1124 820 252 0.3 0.5 United Arab Emirates f United States ... 67 227 262 249 0.1 0.1 13139 49581 38601 39010 40298 1.5 1.7 Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. of 14 41 140 39 39 0.3 0.1 Viet Nam f ... 490 7965 10956 12386 2.2 8.3 a Or nearest year. b Imports are valued f.o.b. c Beginning 2000, imports are valued f.o.b. d Includes significant imports into processing zones. e See the Metadata for information on intra-EU (28) imports. f Includes Secretariat estimates. 110 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 4.4 Automotive products Table II.48 Exports of automotive products of selected regions and economies by destination, 2014 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Share in world exports Annual percentage change 2014 2010 2014 2010 2014 2010-14 2013 2014 1395 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 6 3 4 718 494 86 69 21 21 16 10 100.0 73.4 9.0 7.7 3.2 2.8 1.8 1.7 100.0 68.9 12.0 9.6 2.9 2.9 2.3 1.3 51.6 37.8 4.7 4.0 1.6 1.4 1.1 0.9 51.5 35.5 6.2 4.9 1.5 1.5 1.2 0.7 6 5 14 12 4 7 9 1 7 7 5 9 -7 3 9 18 6 8 12 7 -29 -2 13 -25 334 100 98 41 40 19 18 17 100.0 27.3 31.9 10.9 13.9 6.5 4.5 5.1 100.0 29.9 29.3 12.3 12.0 5.8 5.3 5.2 25.3 6.9 8.1 2.8 3.5 1.6 1.1 1.3 23.9 7.2 7.0 3.0 2.9 1.4 1.3 1.3 5 7 3 5 1 2 9 6 -2 2 -6 -1 -1 -3 -6 -1 1 2 -1 14 6 -10 -17 0 145 53 41 17 16 7 5 5 100.0 34.1 30.8 9.8 13.7 3.9 4.3 3.4 100.0 36.6 28.5 11.8 11.3 4.8 3.6 3.3 13.7 4.7 4.2 1.3 1.9 0.5 0.6 0.5 10.4 3.8 3.0 1.2 1.2 0.5 0.4 0.3 -1 1 -3 4 -5 5 -5 -2 -8 -3 -14 -4 -12 -14 -7 -9 -4 -7 -6 11 7 -16 -15 -3 188 56 47 24 24 14 13 11 100.0 33.1 19.4 12.1 14.1 9.1 7.0 5.1 100.0 29.9 24.7 12.8 12.5 7.5 6.7 5.6 11.6 3.9 2.3 1.4 1.6 1.1 0.8 0.6 13.5 4.0 3.3 1.7 1.7 1.0 0.9 0.8 10 8 17 12 7 5 9 13 4 0 11 1 8 -1 3 0 5 4 16 17 6 -8 1 -18 291 218 26 18 12 11 4 3 100.0 76.2 6.4 6.3 4.3 4.8 1.5 0.5 100.0 74.8 8.9 6.1 4.1 3.9 1.3 0.9 18.8 14.3 1.2 1.2 0.8 0.9 0.3 0.1 20.9 15.6 1.9 1.3 0.9 0.8 0.3 0.2 9 9 19 8 8 3 6 29 3 5 5 -11 0 -15 -3 36 5 5 20 11 -11 -9 -10 -5 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics II MERCHANDISE TRADE World Europe World Europe Asia North America Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Africa Middle East South and Central America Asia World North America Asia Middle East Europe South and Central America Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Africa Japan World North America Asia Middle East Europe Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) South and Central America Africa Other economies in Asia World Asia North America Middle East Europe South and Central America Africa Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) North America World North America Asia Europe Middle East South and Central America Africa Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Share in region's exports 111 Table II.49 Leading exporters and importers of automotive products, 2014 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value Share in world exports/imports Annual percentage change 2014 1980 1990 2000 2014 2010-14 2012 2013 2014 Exporters European Union (28) extra-EU (28) exports Japan United States Mexico a Korea, Republic of Canada China a Thailand Turkey India Brazil United Arab Emirates b, c South Africa Argentina Chinese Taipei 695 255 145 138 92 75 61 51 26 17 12 10 9 9 9 7 19.8 11.9 0.3 0.1 6.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 1.1 ... 0.1 0.1 ... 20.8 10.2 1.4 0.7 8.9 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.6 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.3 49.8 12.2 15.3 11.7 5.3 2.6 10.5 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.8 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.4 49.8 18.3 10.4 9.9 6.6 5.4 4.4 3.6 1.9 1.3 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 6 10 -1 8 14 8 5 16 9 6 11 -6 11 3 1 9 -7 6 10 11 11 4 15 15 33 -5 24 -10 16 2 -4 10 6 6 -8 2 11 3 -4 7 7 13 2 11 22 -7 7 3 6 1 -4 2 11 1 2 11 1 4 16 -31 -1 9 -17 6 Above 15 1357 - - 98.3 97.3 - - - - Importers European Union (28) extra-EU (28) imports United States China a Canada d Mexico a, d Russian Federation d Australia d Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of b Japan Brazil d Turkey United Arab Emirates b Switzerland Korea, Republic of Argentina 507 67 274 93 71 43 33 25 23 21 20 18 14 14 13 9 20.3 0.6 8.7 1.8 1.3 2.7 0.5 0.3 ... 0.4 1.8 ... 0.6 24.7 0.6 7.7 0.3 1.2 0.9 2.3 0.2 0.4 0.3 1.9 0.3 0.1 42.5 5.6 29.4 0.7 8.0 3.5 0.2 1.5 0.7 1.7 0.7 1.0 0.4 1.1 0.3 0.5 35.6 4.7 19.3 6.6 5.0 3.0 2.3 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.6 4 3 10 15 4 10 9 2 10 11 5 4 8 4 14 -4 -13 -9 18 6 11 14 17 24 36 20 -5 -16 13 -6 0 -8 6 1 4 5 0 2 -8 -10 3 0 8 16 15 -5 10 17 8 3 6 20 -2 7 -21 -10 0 4 -13 -6 -6 4 24 -38 Above 15 1180 - - 92.0 82.9 - - - - a Includes significant shipments through processing zones b Includes Secretariat estimates. c Mainly re-exports. d Imports are valued f.o.b. 112 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Table II.50 Exports of automotive products of selected economies, 1990-2014 (Million dollars and percentage) Share in economy's total merchandise exports Value 2000 2012 2013 2014 2010 2014 a 318959 | 200 726 2034 28442 18 258 6 ... 1 354 27 328 198 22 ... 31 66195 19 2301 65 121 4383 28 305 23 32 229 348 82 266 249 591 829 108 30 153 1 32547 73 ... 576436 2108 2151 739 4683 60656 203 1581 226 11 60 287225 70233 216991 1 764 23 741 588 369 | 61 31 88043 62 15194 49 307 30655 24 459 583 32 1156 59 678 | 90 | 588 | 1708 777 2221 2417 63 1517 145 641 67195 223 8 1300719 9635 3246 2959 13038 62157 927 43107 563 27 490 617418 238473 378946 637 1340 0 1340 10030 4293 412 167 165888 104 72005 1014 1530 75458 996 772 1626 467 4340 883 4284 521 3513 8631 2111 6309 24276 315 14837 520 7234 132262 1 928 1346072 10320 3104 2182 14409 59934 763 45975 839 147 138 655770 251630 404140 767 1397 0 1397 10260 4194 198 160 151846 136 74451 856 1630 83388 1660 801 1568 481 5095 1098 3125 349 3713 8001 2152 6491 25946 369 16765 337 8814 134726 4 1036 1394809 8555 2713 1755 9991 61019 871 50901 524 112 121 695259 254957 440302 562 1625 0 1624 11865 4930 181 204 145141 95 75386 1003 1628 92398 2445 789 1762 463 3799 1035 3109 259 3499 8694 2291 6892 26188 336 17497 242 8756 138070 22 1181 7.3 11.8 1.3 6.3 6.2 12.9 1.1 1.8 0.9 0.2 2.0 10.5 9.8 10.9 14.6 0.4 0.1 0.4 3.5 1.6 0.5 0.7 19.4 1.7 11.7 0.9 0.7 18.6 1.4 0.5 3.5 0.6 0.6 0.4 1.0 0.3 1.7 8.5 0.9 1.8 9.7 2.0 12.1 1.0 2.7 7.8 0.1 0.7 7.5 11.9 1.1 4.8 4.4 12.9 1.2 2.2 1.0 0.9 0.5 11.3 11.3 11.3 19.6 0.3 0.0 0.3 3.7 2.8 0.2 0.3 21.2 1.2 13.2 1.0 0.7 23.2 10.3 0.5 2.8 0.4 0.8 0.3 0.8 0.1 1.8 9.5 0.7 2.2 11.5 2.0 11.1 0.4 2.4 8.5 0.0 0.8 II MERCHANDISE TRADE World Argentina Australia Belarus Brazil Canada Chile China b Colombia Côte d'Ivoire Ecuador European Union (28) extra-EU (28) exports intra-EU (28) exports Georgia Hong Kong, China domestic exports c re-exports c India Indonesia Iran Israel Japan Jordan Korea, Republic of Kuwait c Malaysia b Mexico b Morocco b, c Norway Philippines b Qatar c Russian Federation Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of c Singapore domestic exports c re-exports c South Africa Switzerland Chinese Taipei Thailand Tunisia c Turkey Ukraine United Arab Emirates c, d United States Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. of Viet Nam c 1990 a Or nearest year. b Includes significant exports from processing zones. c Includes Secretariat estimates. d Mainly re-exports. World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 113 Table II.51 Imports of automotive products of selected economies, 1990-2014 (Million dollars and percentage) Share in economy's total merchandise imports Value Algeria Argentina Australia b Bahrain Belarus Brazil c Canada b Chile China d Colombia Dominican Republic d, e Ecuador Egypt Ethiopia European Union (28) f extra-EU (28) imports Ghana Guatemala d Hong Kong, China retained imports g India Indonesia Iran Israel Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Korea, Republic of Kuwait g Lebanese Republic g Malaysia d Mexico b, d Morocco d, g New Zealand Norway Oman g Pakistan Panama g Peru Philippines Qatar Russian Federation b Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of g Singapore retained imports g South Africa Sudan g Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic g Chinese Taipei Thailand Tunisia g Turkey Ukraine United Arab Emirates g United States Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. of Viet Nam g 1990 2000 2012 2013 2014 2010 2014 a 658 183 3794 152 532 24640 579 1796 416 ... 157 416 114 ... 117 994 666 260 | 1523 ... 871 7327 108 255 929 453 ... 1312 933 317 1012 1419 429 390 111 176 537 202 2839 1418 1152 ... ... 6048 75 2565 2651 306 1177 964 79320 426 ... 615 2805 8550 214 297 4154 46276 1507 3798 590 ... | 184 512 | 141 246075 32199 331 481 | 2195 1455 421 1870 | 770 2298 9956 519 435 156 1773 1141 535 1833 20003 471 1480 2597 1109 324 332 | 510 974 409 1044 3815 2417 | 1829 | 1455 155 6263 184 | 2676 2084 595 5831 446 2384 170195 1451 294 7565 12566 30777 699 1848 21681 71355 9199 73973 6176 792 2109 3438 1037 442404 63459 2228 924 3731 2391 5870 9608 2305 4078 20440 1059 3140 966 9794 6439 1445 7169 39437 3307 3797 8139 4445 1451 1317 4585 3104 3563 46122 22802 4821 1308 8778 475 14067 515 5399 13439 1718 16368 5472 13245 250375 1993 1675 7506 14743 27674 917 2218 23468 71634 9426 78035 5154 811 2065 3314 1421 468517 64378 2043 852 3822 2426 5277 7601 2141 4773 20450 1266 4256 1062 10777 5042 1546 7109 40323 3607 4354 8610 5870 1112 1257 4611 3102 3425 42204 23390 4173 460 8680 497 13391 381 5718 12531 1717 19040 4916 15289 260065 852 1939 6642 9190 24844 1286 1439 20323 70554 7623 93479 5834 927 2035 5167 1661 506856 66553 1221 937 4576 2951 5312 6159 3714 5307 21342 1531 4251 1255 13324 4911 1484 6612 43109 3358 5056 8228 6400 1181 1217 3725 3179 3799 33208 23289 4691 1193 7773 461 13884 473 6518 8908 1750 17928 2183 14342 274431 751 2192 9.8 18.7 12.1 7.1 2.9 9.4 15.2 12.3 3.8 9.8 5.7 11.1 7.0 8.7 7.9 2.9 9.3 5.4 0.8 1.8 1.3 4.1 4.1 7.0 2.0 7.6 3.2 6.3 1.9 16.2 10.1 3.5 9.8 6.7 9.0 8.7 24.4 2.9 5.8 9.8 4.4 10.2 9.5 14.6 1.3 0.8 8.3 13.2 6.6 7.1 1.7 4.7 7.3 8.3 5.1 6.5 9.6 2.5 2.7 11.4 14.1 10.9 9.2 3.5 8.9 15.3 10.6 4.8 9.1 5.4 7.3 7.7 8.8 8.3 3.0 8.4 5.1 0.8 2.0 1.1 3.5 7.3 7.0 2.6 6.7 10.3 6.8 2.5 15.6 7.0 3.2 10.8 7.3 11.9 9.2 21.1 2.5 5.7 8.8 4.7 11.0 10.8 14.3 1.3 0.7 7.8 5.0 5.0 7.1 2.4 3.9 7.0 7.4 4.0 5.5 11.4 1.7 1.5 a Or nearest year. b Imports are valued f.o.b. c Beginning 2000, imports are valued f.o.b. d Includes significant imports into processing zones. e Until 2010, imports are valued f.o.b. f See the Metadata for information on intra-EU (28) imports. g Includes Secretariat estimates. 114 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 4.5 Textiles Table II.52 Textile exports of selected regions and economies by destination, 2014 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Share in world exports Annual percentage change 2014 2010 2014 2010 2014 2010-14 2013 2014 314 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 6 7 3 188 88 30 26 15 12 10 7 100.0 48.0 17.2 16.6 5.4 6.8 3.8 2.1 100.0 47.0 16.1 14.0 7.8 6.3 5.2 3.6 47.1 22.6 8.1 7.8 2.5 3.2 1.8 1.0 59.7 28.1 9.6 8.3 4.7 3.8 3.1 2.2 7 8 5 6 10 7 5 9 9 11 10 7 6 7 -2 8 3 2 7 3 7 4 2 -5 112 47 17 17 11 7 7 6 100.0 40.3 19.6 17.7 7.4 4.2 6.7 4.1 100.0 42.3 14.9 15.3 9.5 6.1 6.4 5.4 20.2 8.2 4.0 3.6 1.5 0.9 1.4 0.8 35.6 15.1 5.3 5.4 3.4 2.2 2.3 1.9 10 12 7 6 12 8 11 9 12 17 8 10 8 0 12 7 5 6 3 6 8 4 2 -5 76 41 13 10 5 4 3 1 100.0 53.8 16.9 14.4 6.9 3.9 3.4 0.6 100.0 54.0 17.2 12.6 6.1 5.2 4.0 0.9 26.9 14.4 4.5 3.9 1.8 1.1 0.9 0.2 24.2 13.0 4.2 3.0 1.5 1.3 1.0 0.2 4 4 4 6 2 6 -1 7 5 5 10 5 -1 0 -6 17 1 -2 8 3 6 7 -4 -10 89 64 6 6 4 4 3 1 100.0 75.8 6.2 5.3 3.5 5.8 2.0 0.7 100.0 72.2 6.6 6.6 4.9 5.0 3.2 1.0 39.2 29.7 2.4 2.1 1.4 2.3 0.8 0.3 28.4 20.5 1.9 1.9 1.4 1.4 0.9 0.3 3 3 4 3 5 6 9 3 4 5 3 5 4 4 5 -10 4 4 3 3 -8 8 12 -1 19 11 4 2 2 0 0 0 100.0 62.3 18.7 9.5 7.9 0.9 0.4 0.4 100.0 56.8 20.8 11.7 8.4 1.1 0.5 0.7 8.4 5.2 1.6 0.8 0.7 0.1 0.0 0.0 6.0 3.4 1.2 0.7 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 4 5 3 2 2 3 1 36 3 4 -2 6 4 3 -5 84 3 3 2 -3 5 13 0 71 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics II MERCHANDISE TRADE World Asia World Asia Europe North America Africa Middle East South and Central America Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) China World Asia North America Europe Africa South and Central America Middle East Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Other economies in Asia World Asia Europe North America Middle East Africa South and Central America Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Europe World Europe Asia Africa Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) North America Middle East South and Central America North America World North America South and Central America Asia Europe Middle East Africa Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Share in region's exports 115 Table II.53 Leading exporters and importers of textiles, 2014 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value Share in world exports/imports Annual percentage change 2014 1980 1990 2000 2014 2010-14 2012 2013 China a 112 4.6 6.9 10.4 35.6 European Union (28) 75 - - 36.7 23.8 2014 10 1 12 5 2 -10 4 4 3 Exporters extra-EU (28) exports 23 - - 9.9 7.4 3 -6 3 India 18 2.4 2.1 3.6 5.8 9 0 13 5 United States 14 6.8 4.8 7.1 4.6 4 -3 3 3 Turkey 13 0.6 1.4 2.4 4.0 9 3 10 3 Korea, Republic of 12 4.0 5.8 8.2 3.8 2 -3 1 -1 Chinese Taipei 10 3.2 5.9 7.7 3.3 1 -7 -1 0 Hong Kong, China 10 - - - - -4 -7 2 -9 domestic exports b 0 1.7 2.1 0.8 0.0 -13 -8 -13 -9 re-exports b 10 - - - - -1 -6 2 -9 Pakistan 9 1.6 2.6 2.9 2.9 4 -4 7 -3 Japan 6 9.3 5.6 4.5 2.0 -3 -3 -12 -7 Viet Nam b 5 ... ... 0.2 1.7 14 3 18 14 Indonesia 5 0.1 1.2 2.3 1.5 3 -5 2 2 Thailand 4 0.6 0.9 1.3 1.2 1 -14 10 0 United Arab Emirates b, c 3 0.1 0.0 0.8 0.9 11 16 23 0 Mexico a 3 0.2 0.7 1.7 0.8 7 4 9 4 289 - - 90.5 91.9 - - - - Above 15 Importers European Union (28) 83 - - 35.2 24.8 3 -12 5 6 32 - - 9.9 9.5 4 -13 7 9 United States 28 4.5 6.2 9.8 8.4 5 2 4 5 China a, d 20 1.9 4.9 7.8 6.0 3 5 9 -6 Viet Nam b 12 ... ... 0.8 3.6 14 4 17 13 Hong Kong, China 9 - - - - -5 -6 0 -10 retained imports extra-EU (28) imports ... 3.7 3.8 0.9 ... - -110.8 -4370.9 ... Japan 9 3.0 3.8 3.0 2.7 5 -2 -3 1 Turkey 7 0.1 0.5 1.3 2.1 2 -15 5 5 Bangladesh b 7 0.2 0.4 0.8 2.0 11 -17 9 14 Mexico a, e 6 0.2 0.9 3.6 1.9 6 2 3 4 Indonesia 6 0.4 0.7 0.8 1.7 8 -1 4 0 Korea, Republic of 5 0.7 1.8 2.1 1.6 3 -14 7 3 Canada e 5 2.3 2.2 2.5 1.4 2 2 -1 0 Brazil e 4 0.1 0.2 0.6 1.3 4 0 -2 4 Russian Federation e 4 - - 0.4 1.2 4 5 -6 -6 India 4 0.1 0.2 0.4 1.1 8 -2 8 5 Above 15 201 - - 70.0 59.9 - - - - a Includes significant shipments through processing zones b Includes Secretariat estimates. c Mainly re-exports. d In 2014, China reported imports of textiles from China amounting to $2.8 billion. For further information, see the Metadata. 116 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Table II.54 Textile exports of selected economies, 1990-2014 (Million dollars and percentage) Share in economy's total merchandise exports Value a b c d e 2000 2012 2013 2014 2010 2014 a 104354 | 158 153 343 769 687 33 7219 133 ... 3 554 38 34 8213 2171 6042 2180 1241 510 270 5871 31 21 6076 ... 136 343 35 713 203 82 135 ... 163 2663 221 132 ... 903 141 762 167 25 2557 555 6128 ... 928 112 1440 6 5039 ... 154784 258 347 393 410 895 2204 114 16135 268 ... 40 411 | 79 56824 15301 41523 53 | 13441 1174 12267 5593 3505 | 766 490 6994 43 26 12710 8 271 1270 81 2571 123 182 146 10 173 4532 128 297 483 ... 907 | 293 | 614 | 237 244 1278 158 | 11891 11 1958 154 3672 127 1289 10952 299 283569 222 257 1634 729 996 2018 193 95442 454 333 119 1365 276 69725 22029 47696 247 10546 186 10360 15348 4541 1097 743 7819 96 70 11970 37 21 1786 97 2236 355 267 268 291 207 8705 489 170 582 132 801 260 553 426 226 1166 236 10293 106 3521 424 11054 232 2218 13479 3894 304086 205 227 2261 738 949 1900 170 106568 386 493 122 1489 319 72284 22749 49535 259 10714 161 10554 17417 4632 950 702 6841 111 61 12043 37 21 1849 114 2446 364 259 256 168 201 9341 465 172 585 163 891 293 609 424 236 1164 105 10217 103 3874 413 12149 247 2736 13935 4612 314075 200 215 2361 673 883 1830 175 111662 361 473 115 1548 319 74827 23379 51448 267 9785 147 9638 18340 4725 892 765 6385 92 62 11908 32 6 1896 120 2549 421 262 258 180 206 9077 491 253 1915 194 878 332 553 407 267 1246 105 10229 97 3891 411 12522 238 2724 14374 5256 1.7 0.4 0.1 6.6 2.4 0.5 0.5 0.3 4.9 1.0 4.1 1.1 4.9 5.3 1.3 1.1 1.4 3.1 2.8 1.7 2.9 5.7 2.6 1.0 1.5 0.9 1.0 1.2 2.4 0.7 6.3 0.8 3.3 0.6 1.9 31.1 0.8 0.3 0.1 36.7 0.8 0.3 0.1 1.0 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.5 2.0 0.6 5.2 3.5 2.9 1.9 2.7 7.9 0.4 0.8 1.0 4.2 1.7 0.3 0.1 7.8 1.8 0.4 0.4 0.2 4.8 0.7 4.8 0.4 5.7 6.0 1.2 1.0 1.3 2.5 1.9 0.9 1.9 5.7 2.7 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.0 2.1 0.7 0.5 0.8 3.9 0.6 1.8 29.5 0.6 0.2 0.1 36.7 1.2 0.4 0.4 1.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 2.4 0.4 5.2 3.3 2.1 1.7 2.5 7.9 0.4 0.8 0.9 3.5 II MERCHANDISE TRADE World Argentina Australia Bangladesh b, c Belarus Brazil Canada Chile China d Colombia Dominican Republic d Ecuador Egypt El Salvador d European Union (28) extra-EU (28) exports intra-EU (28) exports Guatemala Hong Kong, China domestic exports c re-exports c India Indonesia Iran Israel Japan Jordan Kenya Korea, Republic of Lebanese Republic c Macao, China Malaysia d Mauritius c, d Mexico d Morocco c, d Nepal c New Zealand Nigeria c Norway Pakistan Peru Philippines d Russian Federation Serbia Singapore domestic exports re-exports South Africa c Sri Lanka c Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic c Chinese Taipei Tanzania c Thailand Tunisia c Turkey Ukraine United Arab Emirates c, e United States Viet Nam c 1990 Or nearest year. Figures refer to fiscal year. Includes Secretariat estimates. Includes significant exports from processing zones. Mainly re-exports. World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 117 Table II.55 Textile imports of selected economies, 1990-2014 (Million dollars and percentage) Share in economy's total merchandise imports Value Argentina Australia b Bangladesh c, d Belarus Bosnia and Herzegovina Brazil e Cambodia b, d Canada b Chile China f Colombia Costa Rica f Dominican Republic f, g Egypt El Salvador f European Union (28) h extra-EU (28) imports FYR Macedonia Guatemala f Honduras b, d Hong Kong, China retained imports India Indonesia Iran, Islamic Rep. of Israel Japan Jordan Kenya Korea, Republic of Kuwait d Lebanese Republic d Macao, China Madagascar d Malaysia f Mauritius d Mexico b, f Morocco d, f New Zealand Nigeria d Norway Pakistan Peru Philippines Russian Federation b Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of d Singapore retained imports South Africa Sri Lanka d Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic d Chinese Taipei Thailand Tunisia d Turkey Ukraine United Arab Emirates d United States Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. of Viet Nam d 1990 2000 2012 2013 2014 2010 2014 a 53 1445 452 ... 252 ... 2325 203 5292 75 83 | ... 211 111 | ... 38 26 | 10182 ... 240 | 785 ... 474 4133 107 17 1947 168 ... 619 20 951 336 992 361 396 ... 554 126 17 910 1312 1778 1016 561 412 1849 168 1013 898 790 567 983 6730 112 ... 653 1632 1350 256 ... 1045 432 4126 431 12832 558 184 1173 | 206 | 325 57671 16189 27 59 | 501 13716 ... 585 1251 | 298 759 4934 172 47 3359 212 178 906 200 1114 411 5822 1364 369 38 509 130 165 1250 714 986 1275 | 661 | 569 1483 1300 399 | 1460 1630 1207 2124 450 2055 15985 286 1379 1133 2587 5480 640 297 4300 2487 4584 1198 19810 1522 343 862 2278 1024 75027 27330 443 984 1647 10364 ... 3318 5570 654 706 9013 692 324 4882 548 265 66 269 1368 274 6003 2413 605 370 906 1077 974 796 4663 1939 1081 528 1377 2185 1994 207 1255 3245 1700 6441 1280 3067 25956 1029 9075 1136 2617 5947 653 361 4221 2843 4561 1194 21563 1461 284 865 2390 1100 78734 29199 481 1015 1566 10411 ... 3579 5788 745 710 8766 829 346 5218 371 293 33 330 1452 270 6180 2479 637 438 934 1245 965 907 4365 1864 1072 463 1368 1959 2055 153 1260 3059 1710 6789 1341 3460 27056 673 10633 1054 2720 6778 643 435 4380 2999 4580 1274 20248 1619 262 933 2389 1115 83181 31733 525 916 1700 9358 ... 3760 5814 814 771 8890 839 405 5367 390 282 43 330 1476 268 6408 2702 677 469 948 1545 1030 876 4098 1856 1049 496 1344 2232 2253 190 1305 2999 1737 7117 1170 3278 28275 629 12020 1.9 1.2 16.1 1.5 3.2 2.1 26.6 1.1 1.7 1.3 2.7 2.1 4.3 3.8 10.4 1.4 1.3 7.5 6.8 17.7 2.6 0.2 0.8 3.1 0.9 1.2 1.0 3.6 2.3 1.1 1.6 1.5 1.8 10.1 0.7 5.4 1.7 5.7 1.7 2.5 1.1 2.5 2.4 1.1 1.4 1.4 0.3 0.4 1.4 12.8 1.1 2.8 0.5 1.5 8.3 3.5 1.8 1.4 1.2 1.6 8.3 1.6 1.2 16.0 1.6 4.0 1.9 22.2 1.0 1.8 1.0 2.5 1.5 5.4 3.5 10.6 1.4 1.4 7.2 5.0 15.4 1.6 ... 0.8 3.3 1.6 1.0 1.1 3.7 2.2 1.0 1.2 1.3 0.4 10.1 0.7 4.8 1.6 5.9 1.6 0.8 1.1 3.2 2.4 1.3 1.3 1.1 0.3 0.3 1.3 11.5 0.8 2.8 0.5 1.3 7.0 2.9 2.2 1.3 1.2 1.4 8.1 a Or nearest year. b Imports are valued f.o.b. c Figures refer to fiscal year. d Includes Secretariat estimates. e Beginning 2000, imports are valued f.o.b. f Includes significant imports into processing zones. g Until 2010, imports are valued f.o.b. h See the Metadata for information on intra-EU (28) imports. 118 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 4.6 Clothing Table II.56 Clothing exports of selected regions and economies by destination, 2014 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Share in world exports Annual percentage change 2014 2010 2014 2010 2014 2010-14 2013 2014 483 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 8 10 5 290 88 78 67 17 16 10 10 100.0 32.5 31.0 20.7 5.7 4.2 3.3 2.4 100.0 30.5 27.0 23.2 5.9 5.5 3.4 3.4 56.0 18.2 17.4 11.6 3.2 2.4 1.8 1.4 59.9 18.3 16.2 13.9 3.5 3.3 2.0 2.1 10 8 6 13 11 17 10 20 11 11 9 12 31 17 -8 3 6 11 5 -2 1 13 2 27 187 50 51 41 16 12 8 9 100.0 25.6 29.9 23.7 8.4 4.8 4.4 3.1 100.0 27.0 27.2 22.2 8.5 6.2 4.3 4.6 36.6 9.4 11.0 8.7 3.1 1.7 1.6 1.2 38.6 10.4 10.5 8.6 3.3 2.4 1.6 1.8 9 11 7 8 10 17 9 20 11 11 11 10 30 18 -10 2 5 -5 13 7 1 10 2 29 103 37 37 17 4 2 1 1 100.0 44.8 37.4 11.5 3.2 1.3 1.1 0.7 100.0 35.7 36.3 16.4 4.2 1.7 1.4 1.2 19.4 8.7 7.3 2.2 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.1 21.3 7.6 7.7 3.5 0.9 0.4 0.3 0.2 11 4 10 21 18 19 18 27 11 8 10 14 14 3 10 41 8 2 8 9 23 4 17 9 147 119 9 7 5 4 2 1 100.0 84.8 4.2 4.3 2.9 2.1 1.2 0.3 100.0 81.0 6.0 4.6 3.7 2.9 1.3 0.5 32.8 27.8 1.4 1.4 1.0 0.7 0.4 0.1 30.3 24.6 1.8 1.4 1.1 0.9 0.4 0.1 6 5 16 8 12 16 8 16 8 7 10 11 6 15 5 3 7 7 11 -9 11 12 11 -1 13 9 3 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 73.4 24.1 1.7 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0 100.0 72.0 25.1 2.0 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.0 4.0 2.9 1.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.7 1.9 0.7 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -2 -3 -1 1 15 7 7 -6 -5 1 -17 -3 -11 7 -4 -3 0 4 -11 4 2 -17 -4 -48 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics II MERCHANDISE TRADE World Asia World Europe North America Asia Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Middle East South and Central America Africa China World Asia Europe North America Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Middle East South and Central America Africa Other economies in Asia World North America Europe Asia Middle East South and Central America Africa Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Europe World Europe Asia Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) North America Middle East Africa South and Central America South and Central America World North America South and Central America Europe Asia Africa Middle East Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Share in region's exports 119 Table II.57 Leading exporters and importers of clothing, 2014 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value Share in world exports/imports 2000 Annual percentage change 2014 1980 1990 2014 China a 187 4.0 8.9 18.2 38.6 European Union (28) 127 - - 28.7 26.2 2010-14 2012 2013 2014 9 4 11 5 6 -6 8 7 Exporters extra-EU (28) exports 32 - - 6.4 6.6 10 2 8 5 Bangladesh 25 0.0 0.6 2.6 5.1 13 3 19 5 Hong Kong, China 21 - - - - -4 -8 -3 -6 domestic exports b 0 11.5 8.6 5.0 0.0 -15 -29 -16 -6 re-exports b 20 - - - - -2 -8 -3 -6 Viet Nam b 20 ... ... 0.9 4.0 17 10 19 14 India 18 1.7 2.3 3.0 3.7 12 -5 12 14 Turkey 17 0 3 3.3 3.5 7 2 8 8 Indonesia 8 0.2 1.5 2.4 1.6 3 -6 2 0 United States 6 3.1 2.4 4.4 1.3 7 7 5 4 Cambodia b 6 ... ... 0.5 1.2 18 8 17 17 Pakistan 5 0.3 0.9 1.1 1.0 6 -7 8 10 Sri Lanka b 5 0.3 0.6 1.4 1.0 9 -5 13 9 Malaysia a 5 0.4 1.2 1.1 1.0 5 0 0 4 Mexico a 5 0.0 0.5 4.4 1.0 1 -4 2 2 Thailand 4 0.7 2.6 1.9 0.9 -1 -6 -4 1 Above 15 435 - - 78.8 90.0 - - - - 198 - - 41.1 37.7 4 -9 5 8 104 - - 19.6 19.7 4 -9 2 9 United States 93 16.4 24.0 33.0 17.7 3 -1 3 2 Japan 31 3.6 7.8 9.7 5.9 4 3 -1 -7 Hong Kong, China 16 - - - - -1 -5 1 -2 retained imports … 0.9 0.7 0.9 … - -13 -12 … Canada c 10 1.7 2.1 1.8 1.9 5 -2 6 1 Russian Federation c 9 - - 0.1 1.6 3 0 -2 -6 12 Importers European Union (28) extra-EU (28) imports Korea, Republic of 8 0.0 0.1 0.6 1.6 18 3 20 Australia c 7 0.8 0.6 0.9 1.2 8 4 3 4 Switzerland 6 3.4 3.1 1.6 1.2 4 -7 3 4 15 China a 6 0.1 0.0 0.6 1.2 25 13 18 United Arab Emirates b 4 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.7 11 13 10 -1 Mexico a, c 4 0.3 0.5 1.8 0.7 12 8 9 11 Turkey 3 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.6 3 -18 17 3 Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of b 3 1.6 0.7 0.4 0.6 9 5 6 0 Chile 3 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.6 13 8 6 4 Above 15 385 - - 93.3 73.3 - - - - a Includes significant shipments through processing zones b Includes Secretariat estimates. c Imports are valued f.o.b. 120 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Table II.58 Clothing exports of selected economies, 1990-2014 (Million dollars and percentage) Share in economy's total merchandise exports Value 2000 2012 2013 2014 World 108129 | 197930 419518 459662 483280 2.4 2.6 Albania b Bangladesh c Belarus Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Cambodia b Canada China d Colombia Costa Rica d Dominican Republic d Egypt El Salvador d European Union (28) extra-EU (28) exports intra-EU (28) exports FYR Macedonia Guatemala Haiti b Honduras b Hong Kong, China domestic exports b re-exports b India Indonesia Israel Japan Jordan Kenya Korea, Republic of Kyrgyz Republic b Lesotho b Macao, China Madagascar b Malaysia d Mauritius b, d Mexico d Moldova Morocco b, d Myanmar b New Zealand Pakistan Peru Philippines d Russian Federation Serbia Singapore domestic exports re-exports South Africa Sri Lanka b Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic b Chinese Taipei Thailand Tunisia b Turkey Ukraine United Arab Emirates b, e United States Viet Nam b ... 643 ... ... 247 ... 328 9669 460 54 | 782 | 144 184 ... 24 63 64 | 15406 9266 6140 2530 1646 482 568 11 9 7879 ... 1111 11 1315 607 587 722 12 67 1014 120 1733 ... 1588 995 593 85 638 686 330 3987 2817 1126 3331 146 2565 ... 97 5067 262 ... 30 282 970 2077 36071 520 660 2555 313 | 1673 56709 12753 43956 318 49 | 245 2275 24214 9933 14281 5965 4734 | 729 534 115 9 5027 ... 161 1844 309 2257 948 8631 76 2401 800 116 2144 504 2536 439 ... 1825 | 504 | 1321 | 218 2812 611 129 | 3015 3759 2227 6533 417 464 8629 1821 292 19788 577 177 57 167 4294 1280 159610 703 193 753 1258 1912 109853 28268 81585 603 1229 738 3093 22573 256 22317 13928 7524 161 557 1049 241 1910 157 377 111 304 4560 821 4449 254 3225 884 187 4214 1619 1612 308 505 1335 131 1204 478 4005 1409 135 971 4275 2724 14290 573 1223 5606 14443 327 23501 575 207 19 163 5025 1270 177414 615 129 578 1365 2067 118639 30579 88060 624 1318 811 3085 21922 214 21708 15542 7692 155 487 1150 279 2100 105 328 89 397 4581 761 4530 260 3155 1132 228 4549 1392 1558 400 603 1272 142 1129 503 4517 1389 60 920 4100 2802 15393 585 1599 5862 17148 341 24584 535 237 20 159 5869 1371 186607 546 103 824 1292 2076 126587 31977 94610 669 1325 836 3182 20510 200 20310 17742 7670 159 623 1288 325 2248 117 359 61 439 4766 810 4618 278 3278 986 262 4991 1201 1843 344 629 1346 131 1214 496 4919 1386 60 866 4129 2718 16680 568 1501 6109 19544 18.2 77.4 1.7 3.5 3.1 0.1 59.1 0.3 8.2 1.6 1.7 8.1 4.8 37.7 1.9 1.2 2.3 16.8 14.0 90.2 46.5 6.0 2.8 6.1 5.0 4.3 0.3 0.1 12.6 3.7 0.3 7.2 20.8 18.9 32.5 2.0 29.1 1.5 15.1 16.9 3.9 0.6 18.4 3.3 3.4 0.0 4.2 0.3 0.1 0.6 0.5 40.6 0.7 3.0 0.4 2.2 18.8 11.2 1.1 0.5 0.4 14.4 14.0 80.9 1.5 4.0 0.3 0.1 54.3 0.3 8.0 1.0 0.9 8.3 4.8 39.4 2.1 1.4 2.4 13.6 12.2 91.1 39.4 3.9 1.3 4.0 5.5 4.4 0.2 0.1 15.7 5.3 0.4 7.1 38.8 4.9 20.7 2.0 26.1 1.2 11.9 13.9 8.9 0.6 20.2 3.1 3.0 0.1 4.2 0.3 0.1 0.6 0.5 43.5 0.4 3.0 0.3 1.8 16.2 10.6 1.0 0.4 0.4 13.0 a b c d e 2010 2014 a II MERCHANDISE TRADE 1990 Or nearest year. Includes Secretariat estimates. Figures refer to fiscal year. Includes significant exports from processing zones. Mainly re-exports. World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 121 Table II.59 Clothing imports of selected economies, 1990-2014 (Million dollars and percentage) Share in economy's total merchandise imports Value Albania b Algeria Argentina Australia c Bangladesh b, d Belarus Bosnia and Herzegovina Brazil e Canada c Chile China f Colombia Costa Rica f Dominican Republic f, g Ecuador Egypt El Salvador f European Union (28) h extra-EU (28) imports Guatemala f Honduras b Hong Kong, China retained imports Iceland India Indonesia Israel Japan Jordan Korea, Republic of Kuwait b Lebanese Republic b Macao, China b Malaysia f Mexico c, f Morocco b, f New Zealand Norway Panama b Peru Qatar Russian Federation c Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of b Serbia Singapore retained imports South Africa Switzerland Chinese Taipei Thailand Tunisia b Turkey Ukraine United Arab Emirates b United States Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. of Viet Nam b 1990 2000 2012 2013 2014 2010 2014 a ... 4 6 711 14 ... 59 2388 52 48 19 17 | ... 1 9 171 | 5 25 | 6913 ... 75 2 | 16 61 8765 28 151 206 ... 26 76 573 8 149 1231 71 1 29 833 ... 920 328 108 3437 290 29 191 16 514 26977 101 ... 68 38 333 1858 174 50 ... 173 3690 501 1192 80 592 ... | 23 11 | 713 83459 39729 33 | 1304 16008 ... 88 22 39 | 471 19705 61 1307 317 171 540 148 3602 232 401 1287 97 | 59 54 198 813 ... 1881 | 560 | 223 3181 978 131 438 264 60 832 67115 390 450 175 289 460 6080 559 249 179 2556 9371 2706 4522 802 308 252 253 452 337 174526 92942 181 502 16338 ... 118 403 481 1450 33942 331 6267 851 510 391 856 2965 383 1152 2667 2492 583 413 9245 3020 311 2389 1185 1813 5721 1638 726 453 2677 1157 3569 87957 1065 619 202 329 405 6257 607 320 195 2775 9950 2855 5335 856 308 218 319 530 407 183192 95132 193 457 16448 ... 126 522 570 1555 33632 399 7535 1131 514 446 1010 3231 343 1187 2800 2378 716 482 9014 3200 334 2916 1787 1900 5904 1605 789 468 3140 974 3921 91028 732 716 215 407 369 6524 692 380 226 2940 10076 2983 6124 901 308 271 329 917 405 198256 103646 203 431 16173 ... 132 608 540 1689 31161 393 8475 1194 493 513 1068 3587 397 1235 2727 2302 748 588 8513 3186 365 2584 1369 1866 6131 1760 872 469 3229 614 3885 93164 587 809 3.9 0.5 0.7 2.6 0.6 0.4 1.9 0.8 2.1 3.1 0.2 1.0 1.8 1.3 0.7 1.1 3.5 3.1 4.4 1.2 4 3.8 -6.2 2.9 0.1 0.3 1.8 3.9 1.8 1.0 2.6 2.4 4.7 0.2 0.8 0.8 3.1 3.2 11.2 1.2 1.4 3.0 2.1 1.7 0.6 0.7 2.0 3.0 0.5 0.3 2.4 1.5 1.2 1.6 4.2 1.6 0.5 4.1 0.7 0.6 2.9 1.6 0.9 2.1 1.3 2.2 4.1 0.3 1.4 1.8 1.6 1.2 1.4 3.8 3.2 4.6 1.1 3.9 2.7 ... 2.5 0.1 0.3 2.2 3.8 1.7 1.6 3.8 2.3 4.5 0.5 0.9 0.9 2.9 3.1 10.9 1.8 1.7 2.8 2.0 1.8 0.7 0.8 1.9 2.2 0.6 0.4 1.9 1.3 1.1 1.5 3.9 1.3 0.5 a Or nearest year. b Includes Secretariat estimates. c Imports are valued f.o.b. d Figures refer to fiscal year. e Beginning 2000, imports are valued f.o.b. f Includes significant imports into processing zones. g Until 2010, imports are valued f.o.b. h See the Metadata for information on intra-EU (28) imports. 122 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 III. Trade in commercial services III TRADE IN COMMERCIAL SERVICES Where to find more online: World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 you can access and download the Excel files for the tables via www.wto.org/statistics 123 List of tables III. Trade in commercial services by category 1. Overview Table III.1 World trade in commercial services by category, 2014 Table III.2 Growth of commercial services exports by category and by region, 2005-2014 124 125 125 2. Goods-related services Table III.3 World trade in goods-related services by region, 2014 Table III.4 Major exporters and importers of goods-related services, 2014 Table III.5Major exporters and importers of manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others, 2013 and 2014 Table III.6 Major exporters and importers of maintenance and repair services, 2013 and 2014 128 129 3. Transport Table III.7 World trade in transport by region, 2014 Table III.8 Leading exporters and importers of transport, 2014 130 131 4. Travel Table III.9 Table III.10 132 133 126 127 World trade in travel by region, 2014 Leading exporters and importers of travel, 2014 5. Other commercial services Table III.11 World trade in other commercial services by region, 2014 Table III.12 Leading exporters and importers of other commercial services, 2014 134 135 5.1 Construction Table III.13 World exports of construction by region, 2013 and 2014 Table III.14 Major exporters and importers of construction, 2013 and 2014 136 136 5.2. Insurance and pension services Table III.15 World exports of insurance and pension services by region, 2013 and 2014 Table III.16 Major exporters and importers of insurance and pension services, 2013 and 2014 137 137 5.3. Financial services Table III.17 World exports of financial services by region, 2013 and 2014 Table III.18 Major exporters and importers of financial services, 2013 and 2014 138 138 5.4 Charges for the use of intellectual property n.i.e. Table III.19 World receipts of charges for the use of intellectual property n.i.e. by region, 2013 and 2014 Table III.20 Major exporters and importers of charges for the use of intellectual property n.i.e., 2013 and 2014 139 139 5.5 Telecommunications computer and information services Table III.21 World exports of telecommunications, computer and information services by region, 2013 and 2014 Table III.22Major exporters and importers of telecommunications, computer and information services, 2013 and 2014 140 5.5.1 Telecommunications services Table III.23 Major exporters and importers of telecommunications services, 2013 and 2014 141 5.5.2 Computer services Table III.24 Major exporters and importers of computer services, 2013 and 2014 142 5.6 Other business services Table III.25 World exports of other business services by region, 2013 and 2014 Table III.26 Major exporters and importers of other business services, 2013 and 2014 Table III.27 Trade in other business services by category, major economies, 2013 143 143 144 5.7 Personal, cultural and recreational services Table III.28 World exports of personal, cultural and recreational services by region, 2013 and 2014 Table III.29 Major exporters and importers of personal, cultural and recreational services, 2013 and 2014 145 145 5.7.1 Audiovisual services Table III.30 Major exporters and importers of audio-visual and related services, 2013 and 2014 146 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 140 World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 1. Overview Table III.1 World trade in commercial services by category, 2014 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value Share 2014 2005 2010 2012 2013 2014 4940 160 955 1240 2585 100.0 3.6 22.4 26.4 47.7 100.0 3.2 21.3 24.7 50.7 100.0 3.5 20.5 24.8 51.2 100.0 3.2 19.9 25.2 51.7 100.0 3.2 19.3 25.1 52.4 4780 105 1225 1165 2290 100.0 2.5 27.3 25.9 44.2 100.0 2.1 26.5 23.1 48.3 100.0 2.1 26.9 23.3 47.6 100.0 2.2 26.1 23.8 47.8 100.0 2.1 25.6 24.4 47.9 Exports All commercial services Goods-related services Transport Travel Other commercial services Imports All commercial services Goods-related services Transport Travel Other commercial services Note : For information on asymmetries, see the Metadata. Table III.2 Growth of commercial services exports by category and by region, 2005-2014 World North America South and Central America Europe CIS Africa Middle East Asia Commercial services 2005-10 8 8 9 6 12 9 … 12 2013 5 5 3 7 10 -3 2 3 2014 5 3 1 6 -8 6 7 6 2005-10 6 12 -12 7 11 16 19 3 2013 -2 7 7 15 -8 -31 -16 -27 2014 4 19 9 4 -22 36 -13 2 2005-10 7 6 9 6 12 10 9 9 2013 2 3 5 5 7 2 -10 -3 2014 2 2 -4 3 -3 4 11 1 2005-10 7 5 7 3 9 8 15 13 2013 7 7 4 8 9 -8 4 9 2014 4 3 5 5 -13 6 10 5 2005-10 9 10 17 8 16 11 … 14 2013 6 4 0 7 17 0 9 6 2014 6 2 0 7 -8 6 1 10 III TRADE IN COMMERCIAL SERVICES (Annual percentage change) Goods-related services Transport Travel Other commercial services World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 125 2. Goods-related services Table III.3 World trade in goods-related services by region, 2014 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value Annual percentage change Share 2014 2010 2014 2010-14 2012 2013 World 160 100.0 North America 21 12.3 2014 100.0 6 14 -2 4 13.3 8 6 7 19 Exports South and Central America 4 2.3 2.5 9 1 7 9 Europe 86 54.4 54.3 6 -4 15 4 83 52.8 52.6 6 -1 12 3 6 5.5 3.5 -5 7 -8 -22 European Union (28) Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Africa 2 2.0 1.2 -6 -2 -31 36 Middle East 0 0.3 0.2 -3 20 -16 -13 Asia 39 23.3 24.9 8 61 -27 2 105 100.0 100.0 7 2 12 1 9 9.2 8.3 4 1 -3 0 85 Imports World North America South and Central America 0 0.2 0.5 30 25 -3 Europe 52 40.9 51.0 13 2 38 -2 48 35.7 46.6 14 6 38 -2 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 2 1.5 2.4 20 27 14 1 Africa 1 0.5 0.7 17 6 30 34 European Union (28) Middle East 0 0.1 0.1 … … … … Asia 38 47.6 36.9 0 1 -10 4 Note : For information on asymmetries, see the Metadata. 126 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Table III.4 Major exporters and importers of goods-related services, 2014 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value 2014 Annual percentage change Share 2010 2014 2010-14 2012 2013 2014 Exporters European Union (28) Extra-EU (28) exports 83.1 52.8 52.6 6 -1 12 3 45.5 25.0 28.8 10 1 12 16 China a 22.9 14.8 14.5 … … … -6 United States 19.6 11.1 12.4 9 6 8 20 Singapore 8.0 5.1 5.1 6 -2 11 -1 Switzerland 5.1 3.0 3.2 8 4 11 -1 Korea, Republic of 3.5 1.8 2.2 11 15 6 18 Russian Federation 3.2 3.3 2.0 -6 0 5 -22 Japan 2.3 0.5 1.5 40 10 32 168 Morocco 1.7 1.8 1.1 -6 -3 -34 39 Ukraine 1.6 1.4 1.0 -3 9 -14 -32 Canada 1.5 1.1 0.9 1 7 -6 7 Honduras 1.4 0.9 0.9 5 -3 8 7 Norway a 0.8 0.6 0.5 ... -42 11 ... Nicaragua 0.6 0.3 0.4 15 13 14 5 Costa Rica 0.6 0.4 0.4 8 20 5 -12 155.0 99.0 98.6 - - - - Above 15 Importers European Union (28) Extra-EU (28) imports 47.8 35.7 46.6 14 6 38 -2 16.1 11.6 15.7 15 13 41 -11 13.9 24.4 13.5 -8 0 -16 -8 Japan 12.0 10.8 11.7 9 0 -9 40 0 Korea, Republic of 8.7 9.0 8.4 5 -2 -6 United States 7.6 8.8 7.4 2 -3 -4 0 Switzerland 2.0 2.4 1.9 1 -4 27 -32 Russian Federation 1.8 1.2 1.8 19 25 18 -10 Norway a 1.3 1.3 1.3 ... 10 2 ... Canada 0.8 0.3 0.8 38 103 15 12 -34 China a 0.7 0.9 0.7 … … … Singapore 0.7 0.8 0.6 1 -3 1 -2 Australia 0.5 0.3 0.5 17 20 38 -30 27 Indonesia 0.5 0.3 0.5 21 192 -35 Turkey 0.4 ... 0.3 ... 53 25 25 Kazakhstan 0.3 0.0 0.3 67 -8 9 488 100.0 ... 96.3 - - - - Above 15 III TRADE IN COMMERCIAL SERVICES Hong Kong, China a Secretariat estimate. Note : Based on information available to the Secretariat. As certain economies do not report this item separately, they may not appear in the list. See the Metadata. World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 127 Table III.5 Major exporters and importers of manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others, 2013 and 2014 (Million dollars and percentage) Share in 10 economies Value 2013 2014 2013 Annual percentage change 2010-14 2012 2013 2014 Exporters European Union (28) Extra-EU (28) exports 56204 58488 61.3 4 -2 6 4 27854 32838 30.4 4 -3 6 18 China 23257 21421 25.4 … … … -8 Korea, Republic of 2941 3147 3.2 9 17 15 7 Russian Federation 2325 1531 2.5 0 -3 7 -34 Ukraine 1951 1275 2.1 14 15 -6 -35 Honduras 1289 1374 1.4 4 -3 8 7 Morocco 1236 1505 1.3 -18 -3 -34 22 Switzerland 1120 1276 1.2 13 35 1 14 Japan 750 297 0.8 26 18 55 -60 Costa Rica Above 10 653 563 0.7 17 24 5 -14 91725 90880 100.0 - - - - 26038 27088 44.7 10 13 0 4 8202 6682 14.1 11 33 -11 -19 -8 Importers European Union (28) Extra-EU (28) imports Hong Kong, China 14956 13746 25.6 -8 0 -16 Korea, Republic of 8649 8647 14.8 7 -2 -6 0 Japan 8009 4933 13.7 0 -3 -8 -38 Russian Federation 324 220 0.6 17 -9 53 -32 Dominican Republic 97 ... 0.2 12 -6 12 ... China 79 116 0.1 ... ... ... 46 Macao, China 70 ... 0.1 6 27 17 ... Belarus 47 26 0.1 89 15 213 -44 Turkey 45 60 0.1 ... 57 16 33 Above 10 58315 ... 100.0 - - - - Note : Based on information available to the Secretariat. As certain economies do not report this item separately, they may not appear in the list. See the Metadata. 128 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Table III.6 Major exporters and importers of maintenance and repair services, 2013 and 2014 (Million dollars and percentage) Share in 10 economies Value 2013 2014 2013 Annual percentage change 2010-13 2012 2013 2014 Exporters European Union (28) 24565 24648 42.4 17 2 31 0 11395 12641 19.7 24 16 29 11 United States 16295 19563 28.1 6 6 8 20 Singapore 8118 8035 14.0 9 -2 11 -1 Extra-EU (28) exports Switzerland 4014 3797 6.9 10 -3 15 -5 Russian Federation 1801 1676 3.1 0 5 1 -7 Canada 1402 1502 2.4 0 7 -6 7 Norway 772 ... 1.3 1 -42 11 ... Ukraine 373 295 0.6 -7 -7 -39 -21 Bahrain, Kingdom of 319 ... 0.6 20 4 20 ... Malaysia 310 363 0.5 12 -10 17 17 57970 ... 100.0 - - - - 22747 20706 57.9 38 -10 145 -9 9776 9381 24.9 46 -20 175 -4 United States 7620 7602 19.4 3 -3 -4 0 Switzerland 2913 1900 7.4 16 -6 30 -35 Russian Federation 1725 1625 4.4 33 31 13 -6 Norway 1280 ... 3.3 7 10 2 ... Canada 709 791 1.8 49 103 15 12 Above 10 Importers European Union (28) Extra-EU (28) imports 701 488 1.8 39 20 38 -30 675 664 1.7 2 -3 1 -2 Japan 541 7075 1.4 5 51 -19 ... Indonesia 374 477 1.0 19 192 -35 27 39285 ... 100.0 - - - - Above 10 Note : Based on information available to the Secretariat. As certain economies do not report this item separately, they may not appear in the list. See the Metadata. World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics III TRADE IN COMMERCIAL SERVICES Australia Singapore 129 3. Transport Table III.7 World trade in transport by region, 2014 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value Annual percentage change Share 2014 2010 2014 2010-14 2012 2013 2014 World 955 100.0 100.0 4 2 2 2 North America 104 10.3 10.9 5 4 3 2 South and Central America 29 3.1 3.1 4 0 5 -4 Exports Europe European Union (28) 468 48.5 49.0 4 -1 5 3 414 43.4 43.3 4 -2 5 3 -3 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 41 3.9 4.3 6 6 7 Africa 29 3.0 3.1 5 6 2 4 Middle East 30 2.8 3.2 7 14 -10 11 Asia 253 28.4 26.4 2 5 -3 1 World 1225 100.0 100.0 6 3 3 3 North America 132 10.9 10.7 5 3 5 4 -6 Imports South and Central America 54 4.5 4.4 5 4 4 Europe 403 35.9 32.9 3 -3 6 2 366 32.5 29.9 3 -3 5 2 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 28 2.4 2.3 5 10 4 -12 Africa 71 5.7 5.8 6 11 1 5 Middle East 113 7.4 9.3 12 10 5 5 Asia 423 33.2 34.6 7 6 -1 6 European Union (28) Note : For information on asymmetries, see the Metadata. 130 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Table III.8 Leading exporters and importers of transport, 2014 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value 2014 Annual percentage change Share 2010 2014 2010-14 2012 2013 2014 Exporters European Union (28) 413.7 43.4 43.3 4 -2 5 3 184.2 19.9 19.3 3 -1 4 -3 United States 89.9 8.7 9.4 6 5 4 3 Singapore 44.8 4.7 4.7 4 5 0 0 Japan 39.5 4.7 4.1 0 5 -2 0 Extra-EU (28) exports China 38.2 4.2 4.0 3 9 -3 2 Korea, Republic of 35.3 4.8 3.7 -3 12 -9 -6 Hong Kong, China 31.6 3.6 3.3 1 0 -2 1 Norway 22.1 2.2 2.3 5 4 4 5 Russian Federation 20.5 1.8 2.2 8 10 8 -1 India 18.6 1.6 2.0 9 -1 -3 10 Turkey 14.3 1.1 1.5 11 15 4 9 Switzerland 13.5 1.3 1.4 7 6 6 4 Canada 13.3 1.5 1.4 2 2 -2 -4 Chinese Taipei 11.1 1.2 1.2 3 3 1 10 Egypt 9.8 1.0 1.0 5 8 6 4 Above 15 815.0 85.8 85.5 - - - - Importers European Union (28) Extra-EU (28) imports 366.3 32.5 29.9 3 -3 5 2 159.8 14.6 13.0 3 -3 6 -2 China 96.2 6.4 7.8 11 7 10 2 United States 94.3 7.6 7.7 6 4 7 4 77.3 4.7 6.3 14 4 -6 35 45.8 4.7 3.7 0 12 -15 -2 United Arab Emirates 45.5 2.6 3.7 15 11 7 5 Singapore 39.3 3.0 3.2 7 7 4 4 Korea, Republic of 31.6 3.1 2.6 1 2 -3 4 Thailand 26.7 2.3 2.2 4 7 -1 -6 Canada 22.4 2.2 1.8 1 -1 -2 -4 Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of 19.9 1.3 1.6 12 16 8 4 Hong Kong, China 18.4 1.6 1.5 4 3 -1 2 Russian Federation 15.4 1.2 1.3 7 7 6 -12 Australia 15.1 1.4 1.2 3 10 -4 -9 Brazil 14.9 1.2 1.2 7 0 7 -2 Above 15 930.0 76.0 75.8 - - - - World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics III TRADE IN COMMERCIAL SERVICES India Japan 131 4. Travel Table III.9 World trade in travel by region, 2014 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value Annual percentage change Share 2014 2010 2014 2010-14 2012 2013 2014 World 1240 100.0 100.0 7 4 7 4 North America 212 17.3 17.1 6 7 7 3 South and Central America 55 4.5 4.4 6 5 4 5 Europe 483 40.8 39.0 6 -2 8 5 425 36.1 34.3 5 -3 8 4 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 23 1.8 1.8 8 10 9 -13 Africa 43 4.4 3.4 0 7 -8 6 Middle East 52 4.9 4.2 3 5 4 10 Asia 372 26.3 30.0 10 10 9 5 World 1165 100.0 100.0 8 6 8 8 North America 155 14.5 13.3 6 10 4 4 3 Exports European Union (28) Imports South and Central America 51 4.0 4.3 10 7 10 Europe 422 41.8 36.2 4 -4 7 5 379 38.2 32.5 4 -5 7 6 -5 European Union (28) Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 65 4.1 5.6 17 28 22 Africa 26 3.0 2.2 0 -5 -1 1 Middle East 87 7.6 7.5 8 6 6 20 Asia 360 25.2 30.9 14 15 10 13 Note : For information on asymmetries, see the Metadata. 132 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Table III.10 Leading exporters and importers of travel, 2014 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value 2014 Annual percentage change Share 2010 2014 2010-14 2012 2013 2014 Exporters European Union (28) 425.1 36.1 34.3 5 -3 8 4 142.1 11.2 11.5 7 4 11 4 United States 177.5 14.3 14.3 7 7 7 3 China 56.9 4.8 4.6 6 3 3 10 Extra-EU (28) exports Macao, China 50.9 2.9 4.1 16 14 18 -2 Thailand 38.4 2.1 3.1 18 25 23 -8 -1 Hong Kong, China 38.4 2.3 3.1 15 16 18 Australia 32.0 3.0 2.6 3 0 -2 2 Turkey 29.6 2.4 2.4 7 1 10 6 Malaysia 22.1 1.9 1.8 5 3 4 5 India 19.7 1.5 1.6 8 1 2 7 Singapore 19.2 1.5 1.5 8 5 2 -1 Japan 18.3 1.4 1.5 8 33 4 21 Korea, Republic of 18.1 1.1 1.5 15 8 9 24 Canada 17.5 1.7 1.4 3 4 2 -1 Switzerland 17.5 1.5 1.4 4 -6 5 4 980.0 78.5 79.1 - - - - Above 15 Importers European Union (28) Extra-EU (28) imports 378.6 38.2 32.5 4 -5 7 6 126.6 13.2 10.9 3 -5 2 7 28 164.9 6.4 14.1 32 40 26 111.4 10.1 9.6 6 12 4 6 Russian Federation 50.4 3.1 4.3 17 30 25 -6 Canada 33.8 3.5 2.9 3 5 0 -4 Australia 26.3 2.6 2.3 4 3 2 -8 Brazil 25.6 1.9 2.2 12 5 12 2 Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of 24.1 2.5 2.1 3 -1 4 37 Singapore 23.9 2.2 2.1 6 7 5 -1 Korea, Republic of 23.5 2.2 2.0 6 4 5 8 Hong Kong, China 22.0 2.0 1.9 6 6 6 4 Japan 19.4 3.3 1.7 -9 2 -22 -11 Norway 18.9 1.6 1.6 9 5 11 2 United Arab Emirates 17.8 1.4 1.5 11 14 7 10 Switzerland 16.6 1.3 1.4 10 10 6 4 955.0 82.2 82.1 - - - - Above 15 World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics III TRADE IN COMMERCIAL SERVICES China United States 133 5. Other commercial services Table III.11 World trade in other commercial services by region, 2014 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value Annual percentage change Share 2014 2010 2014 2010-14 2012 2013 2014 World 2585 100.0 100.0 7 3 6 6 North America 458 18.8 17.7 6 4 4 2 South and Central America 58 2.3 2.3 6 8 0 0 1364 53.2 52.8 7 1 7 7 1243 47.8 48.0 7 1 8 7 Exports Europe European Union (28) Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 42 1.5 1.6 9 14 17 -8 Africa 26 1.0 1.0 6 11 0 6 Middle East 43 1.8 1.7 5 -1 9 1 Asia 594 21.3 23.0 9 6 6 10 World 2290 100.0 100.0 6 3 6 5 North America 295 14.5 12.9 3 3 2 1 South and Central America 89 3.6 3.9 8 7 7 1 1124 49.4 49.1 6 1 7 7 1029 44.8 45.0 6 2 8 7 77 2.9 3.3 10 16 13 -1 Imports Europe European Union (28) Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Africa 74 3.3 3.2 6 -1 1 7 Middle East 68 3.1 3.0 6 -6 5 6 Asia 562 23.2 24.6 8 8 7 6 Note : For information on asymmetries, see the Metadata. 134 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Table III.12 Leading exporters and importers of other commercial services, 2014 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value Annual percentage change Share 2014 2010 2014 2010-14 2012 2013 2014 1242.6 47.8 48.0 7 1 8 7 613.2 22.5 23.7 9 3 10 8 United States 400.7 16.3 15.5 6 3 4 4 India 116.9 4.5 4.5 7 7 3 4 China 114.4 3.7 4.4 12 7 8 23 27 Exporters European Union (28) Extra-EU (28) exports Japan 98.0 3.9 3.8 7 -11 2 Switzerland 77.3 3.3 3.0 5 1 4 1 Singapore 68.1 2.1 2.6 13 12 15 5 Canada 52.6 2.3 2.0 4 7 0 -5 Korea, Republic of 48.8 1.6 1.9 13 18 6 3 Hong Kong, China 35.6 1.4 1.4 6 9 4 4 Chinese Taipei 31.1 1.1 1.2 10 9 6 9 -9 Russian Federation 29.4 1.1 1.1 9 12 17 Brazil 26.2 1.0 1.0 8 8 -3 3 Israel 24.6 0.8 1.0 11 20 11 4 Norway 21.0 0.9 0.8 5 34 5 0 Above 15 2385.0 91.7 92.3 - - - - 1029.2 44.8 45.0 6 2 8 7 441.8 18.6 19.3 7 4 8 11 United States 238.3 11.7 10.4 3 2 2 2 China 119.9 4.1 5.2 13 10 15 13 Importers European Union (28) Extra-EU (28) imports 112.7 4.5 4.9 9 3 2 23 77.4 2.9 3.4 11 13 14 -2 Switzerland 61.7 2.6 2.7 7 0 8 3 India 54.8 3.2 2.4 -1 7 1 -2 -3 Russian Federation 51.3 1.9 2.2 11 15 15 Korea, Republic of 50.3 2.3 2.2 6 11 4 4 Canada 49.0 2.5 2.1 2 7 0 -6 Brazil 45.2 1.8 2.0 9 10 4 5 Norway 28.4 1.1 1.2 10 26 10 2 Hong Kong, China 21.3 1.0 0.9 4 4 3 3 Australia 20.5 0.8 0.9 9 9 7 -3 Chinese Taipei 20.0 1.0 0.9 3 -1 -8 5 1980.0 86.1 86.5 - - - - Above 15 World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics III TRADE IN COMMERCIAL SERVICES Japan Singapore 135 5.1 Construction Table III.13 World exports of construction by region, 2013 and 2014 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value Share Annual percentage change 2013 2014 2010 2014 2010-14 2013 2014 100 110 100.0 100.0 5 3 6 3 3 3.7 2.9 0 -17 -1 221 Exports World North America South and Central America 0 1 0.2 0.5 29 37 Europe 37 41 37.0 37.8 6 13 9 32 34 30.7 31.9 6 23 6 -15 European Union (28) Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 8 7 4.9 6.5 13 28 Africa 2 2 2.2 1.8 0 12 -3 Middle East 3 3 2.8 2.7 5 1 17 Asia 48 51 49.1 47.7 5 -5 7 Table III.14 Major exporters and importers of construction, 2013 and 2014 (Million dollars and percentage) Share in 10 economies Value 2013 2014 2013 Annual percentage change 2010-13 2012 2013 2014 Exporters European Union (28) 32480 34337 37.2 7 -3 23 6 19577 19294 22.4 16 -1 37 -1 Korea, Republic of 20375 17103 23.3 19 27 3 -16 China 10663 15355 12.2 -10 -17 -13 44 Japan 9666 11548 11.1 -3 6 -17 19 Russian Federation 5906 4730 6.8 19 7 25 -20 United States 2590 2710 3.0 -3 2 -18 5 Singapore 1757 1786 2.0 19 4 9 2 Switzerland 1366 1363 1.6 2 -11 2 0 Iran 1359 ... 1.6 -5 0 -8 ... India 1219 1613 1.4 32 10 32 32 Above 10 87380 ... 100.0 - - - - 23262 23715 36.0 5 18 3 2 7055 6844 10.9 2 13 -5 -3 Extra-EU (28) exports Importers European Union (28) Extra-EU (28) imports Russian Federation 9362 7532 14.5 27 36 23 -20 Japan 7504 10304 11.6 -2 1 -3 37 Angola 5049 ... 7.8 3 -21 -19 ... Korea, Republic of 4852 3258 7.5 28 -11 44 -33 China 3890 4870 6.0 -8 -3 8 25 Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of 3619 3108 5.6 -2 6 33 -14 United States 2651 2541 4.1 2 11 -19 -4 Malaysia 2524 2624 3.9 29 74 8 4 Kuwait 1992 2686 3.1 -5 41 -4 35 Above 10 64705 ... 100.0 - - - - Note : Based on information available to the Secretariat. As certain economies do not report this item separately, they may not appear in the list. See the Metadata. 136 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 5.2. Insurance and pension services Table III.15 World exports of insurance and pension services by region, 2013 and 2014 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value Share Annual percentage change 2013 2014 2010 2014 2010-14 2013 2014 World 125 130 100.0 100.0 7 6 5 North America 21 22 18.1 16.6 4 2 4 15 Exports South and Central America 2 3 1.7 1.9 10 5 Europe 83 86 65.3 65.5 7 6 3 76 78 59.6 59.8 7 8 3 -9 European Union (28) Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 1 1 0.6 0.5 0 3 Africa 1 1 1.1 1.0 5 -15 2 Middle East 2 2 2.0 1.5 -1 20 -13 Asia 14 17 11.2 13.1 11 13 20 Table III.16 Major exporters and importers of insurance and pension services, 2013 and 2014 (Million dollars and percentage) Share in 10 economies Value 2014 2013 2010-13 2012 2013 2014 Exporters European Union (28) 76210 78372 65.8 8 -4 8 3 41960 46045 36.2 8 -2 4 10 United States 16096 16435 13.9 4 9 -3 2 Switzerland 6846 7215 5.9 8 5 5 5 14 Extra-EU (28) exports China 3996 4574 3.5 32 10 20 Singapore 3768 3939 3.3 2 2 9 5 Mexico 2793 3554 2.4 15 -11 39 27 India 2144 2285 1.9 6 -13 -5 7 Canada 1882 1615 1.6 -1 -14 0 -14 Hong Kong, China 1020 1160 0.9 6 10 10 14 Turkey 1000 1162 0.9 11 4 16 16 Above 10 115755 120310 100.0 - - - - III TRADE IN COMMERCIAL SERVICES 2013 Annual percentage change Importers United States 50454 47316 35.0 -6 -4 -5 -6 European Union (28) 38384 45018 26.6 0 -9 8 17 22 14727 17908 10.2 -3 -12 4 China Extra-EU (28) imports 22093 22454 15.3 12 4 7 2 Japan 6752 5162 4.7 0 8 -9 -24 India 5935 7921 4.1 6 4 -7 33 Canada 5357 4614 3.7 4 20 -5 -14 Mexico 4835 4220 3.4 23 -6 26 -13 Singapore 4615 4765 3.2 5 -1 3 3 Thailand 2976 2705 2.1 11 11 -3 -9 Iraq 2685 ... 1.9 15 24 12 ... Above 10 144085 ... 100.0 - - - - Note : Based on information available to the Secretariat. As certain economies do not report this item separately, they may not appear in the list. See the Metadata. World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 137 5.3. Financial services Table III.17 World exports of financial services by region, 2013 and 2014 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value Share Annual percentage change 2013 2014 2010 2014 2010-14 2013 2014 World 400 415 100.0 100.0 6 9 4 North America 92 95 23.3 22.8 5 9 3 South and Central America 5 3 1.0 0.7 -5 0 -41 Exports Europe European Union (28) 239 248 60.9 59.4 5 8 4 214 225 54.2 53.9 6 8 5 -20 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 3 2 0.5 0.5 5 35 Africa 2 2 0.5 0.5 4 0 -8 Middle East 3 3 1.2 0.8 -6 7 16 Asia 57 64 12.5 15.4 11 11 13 Table III.18 Major exporters and importers of financial services, 2013 and 2014 (Million dollars and percentage) Share in 10 economies Value 2013 2014 213851 224853 97993 98237 2013 Annual percentage change 2010-13 2012 2013 2014 56.0 6 -2 8 5 25.7 8 3 10 0 Exporters European Union (28) Extra-EU (28) exports United States 84066 87264 22.0 5 -2 10 4 Switzerland 24121 22123 6.3 1 -5 4 -8 12 Singapore 18355 20541 4.8 15 9 11 Hong Kong, China 16475 17096 4.3 8 8 6 4 Canada 7659 7568 2.0 12 5 3 -1 India 6376 5645 1.7 3 -14 19 -11 Japan 4561 7204 1.2 8 13 -2 58 China 3185 4531 0.8 34 122 69 42 Norway 3135 3132 0.8 26 -7 51 0 Above 10 381785 399955 100.0 - - - - 111202 120859 67.5 7 -3 12 9 40290 44047 24.5 9 0 10 9 Importers European Union (28) Extra-EU (28) imports United States 18683 19675 11.3 6 -2 10 5 India 5893 4115 3.6 -5 -36 10 -30 Switzerland 5333 3900 3.2 2 -11 8 -27 Canada 4845 4663 2.9 -4 -5 -3 -4 Hong Kong, China 4215 4431 2.6 6 1 7 5 Singapore 3758 4347 2.3 14 4 16 16 China 3691 4940 2.2 39 158 92 34 Japan 3613 5300 2.2 5 -4 12 47 Russian Federation Above 10 3391 2400 2.1 8 14 22 -29 164625 174630 100.0 - - - - Note : Based on information available to the Secretariat. As certain economies do not report this item separately, they may not appear in the list. See the Metadata. 138 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 5.4 Charges for the use of intellectual property n.i.e. Table III.19 World receipts of charges for the use of intellectual property n.i.e. by region, 2013 and 2014 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value Share Annual percentage change 2013 2014 2010 2014 2010-14 2013 2014 World 285 300 100.0 100.0 6 4 5 North America 136 136 46.1 45.5 5 5 0 1 1 0.4 0.3 -3 8 -33 103 110 38.6 37.0 5 2 7 83 91 31.1 30.3 5 2 9 -12 Exports South and Central America Europe European Union (28) Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 1 1 0.2 0.3 12 15 Africa 0 0 0.1 0.1 -3 6 -9 Middle East 1 1 0.2 0.2 10 9 -3 Asia 43 50 14.3 16.7 10 3 15 2013 2014 Table III.20 Major exporters and importers of charges for the use of intellectual property n.i.e., 2013 and 2014 (Million dollars and percentage) Share in 10 economies Value Annual percentage change 2014 2013 2010-13 2012 United States a 129178 131636 46.9 6 2 3 2 European Union (28) 83279 90541 30.2 4 -4 2 9 Exporters 47575 55249 17.3 7 -5 2 16 Japan Extra-EU (28) exports 31573 36832 11.5 6 10 -1 17 Switzerland 17360 16628 6.3 9 4 6 -4 Korea, Republic of 4328 5151 1.6 11 -11 11 19 -2 Canada 4066 3973 1.5 13 19 2 Singapore 3109 3151 1.1 47 11 69 1 Chinese Taipei 1017 866 0.4 30 11 9 -15 China 887 676 0.3 2 40 -15 -24 Australia 812 894 0.3 -6 -9 -6 10 275610 290350 100.0 - - - - 123924 143478 46.0 6 -3 9 16 58843 78693 21.8 4 -2 4 34 Above 10 III TRADE IN COMMERCIAL SERVICES 2013 Importers European Union (28) Extra-EU (28) imports United States a 39015 42141 14.5 6 9 -1 8 Singapore 21935 22230 8.1 10 11 1 1 China 21033 22614 7.8 17 21 19 8 Japan 17820 20916 6.6 -2 4 -10 17 Switzerland 12217 12351 4.5 15 8 6 1 Canada 10870 10229 4.0 4 4 0 -6 Korea, Republic of 9837 10369 3.6 2 16 14 5 Russian Federation 8389 8039 3.1 20 31 10 -4 Thailand Above 10 4586 3971 1.7 14 16 27 -13 269625 296340 100.0 - - - - a The U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis records film and television tape distribution services in charges for the use of intellectual property n.i.e. (rather than in audiovisual and related services). Note : Based on information available to the Secretariat. As certain economies do not report this item separately, they may not appear in the list. See the Metadata. World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 139 5.5 Telecommunications computer and information services Table III.21 World exports of telecommunications, computer and information services by region, 2013 and 2014 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value Share Annual percentage change 2013 2014 2010 2014 2010-14 2013 2014 World 430 460 100.0 100.0 8 8 6 North America 44 44 10.2 9.5 7 2 0 Exports South and Central America Europe European Union (28) Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 9 9 2.2 2.0 6 0 2 256 273 60.7 59.6 8 10 7 241 257 56.9 56.1 8 9 7 8 9 1.4 1.9 18 22 11 Africa 6 6 1.5 1.3 5 4 -2 Middle East 12 12 3.1 2.6 4 2 -1 Asia 97 105 21.0 23.0 11 9 9 2013 2014 Table III.22 Major exporters and importers of telecommunications, computer and information services, 2013 and 2014 (Million dollars and percentage) Share in 10 economies Value Annual percentage change 2013 2014 2013 2010-13 2012 240794 256765 62.7 8 4 9 7 107044 116724 27.9 8 4 10 9 India 52876 55666 13.8 9 4 8 5 United States 33409 34221 8.7 10 10 4 2 18 Exporters European Union (28) Extra-EU (28) exports China 17098 20173 4.5 18 17 5 Switzerland 11191 11897 2.9 11 12 9 6 Canada 10051 9185 2.6 6 4 -4 -9 Israel 6105 ... 1.6 11 11 10 ... Singapore 4889 5290 1.3 11 8 16 8 Russian Federation 4163 4497 1.1 17 13 19 8 Kuwait 3351 3064 0.9 -2 -4 -3 -9 Above 10 383930 ... 100.0 - - - - 156603 160997 64.2 6 3 10 3 62204 63750 25.5 6 3 12 2 -1 Importers European Union (28) Extra-EU (28) imports United States 32877 32394 13.5 4 -2 2 Switzerland 12753 13422 5.2 8 -4 16 5 China 7624 10748 3.1 23 9 39 41 Singapore 6937 7371 2.8 25 15 25 6 Japan 6349 11341 2.6 11 9 12 79 Russian Federation 6080 6861 2.5 15 4 18 13 Canada 5828 6148 2.4 7 7 -1 5 Brazil 5208 3667 2.1 11 12 10 -30 India 3743 4318 1.5 1 9 8 15 Above 10 244005 257270 100.0 - - - - Note : Based on information available to the Secretariat. As certain economies do not report this item separately, they may not appear in the list. See the Metadata. 140 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 5.5.1 Telecommunications services Table III.23 Major exporters and importers of telecommunications services, 2013 and 2014 (Million dollars and percentage) Share in 10 economies Value Annual percentage change 2013 2014 2013 2010-13 2012 2013 2014 51101 ... 64.8 3 -2 3 ... 23951 ... 30.4 4 2 3 ... 14154 13253 17.9 9 11 3 -6 Exporters European Union (28) Extra-EU (28) exports United States Kuwait 3351 3064 4.2 -2 -4 -3 -9 Canada 2206 2016 2.8 9 10 1 -9 -1 India 2180 2163 2.8 13 -1 34 Hong Kong, China 1599 ... 2.0 19 12 14 ... Russian Federation 1553 1732 2.0 7 4 10 12 Norway 984 983 1.2 4 -29 23 0 Japan 916 1389 1.2 8 27 -5 52 Indonesia 837 917 1.1 -9 -25 -23 10 78880 ... 100.0 - - - ... Above 10 Importers European Union (28) 41336 ... 70.0 2 -4 4 17265 ... 29.2 4 -3 6 ... United States 7298 6610 12.4 -3 2 2 -9 Russian Federation 2792 2839 4.7 11 0 11 2 Canada 1732 1827 2.9 3 -5 -5 5 Japan 1357 2041 2.3 10 22 15 50 Extra-EU (28) imports 1095 1053 1.9 0 -28 14 -4 1049 829 1.8 6 3 10 -21 Hong Kong, China 957 ... 1.6 20 24 8 ... Norway 777 792 1.3 -1 -11 -10 2 Indonesia 696 728 1.2 8 -11 -3 5 59090 ... 100.0 - - - - Above 10 Note : Based on information available to the Secretariat. As certain major traders in telecommunications services do no report this item separately, they may not appear in the list. World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics III TRADE IN COMMERCIAL SERVICES India Korea, Republic of 141 5.5.2 Computer services Table III.24 Major exporters and importers of computer services, 2013 and 2014 (Million dollars and percentage) Share in 10 economies Value Annual percentage change 2013 2014 2013 2010-13 2012 2013 2014 179280 ... 67.9 10 78039 ... 29.6 10 6 9 ... 4 10 India a 50520 53261 19.1 ... 10 4 8 United States 12346 13718 4.7 5 11 6 2 11 Canada 6429 5875 2.4 Israel 5529 ... 2.1 3 -2 -5 -9 12 17 7 Philippines 2835 3121 1.1 ... 14 5 13 10 Russian Federation 2508 2644 Argentina 1661 1219 1.0 25 20 26 5 0.6 8 -1 -3 -27 Exporters European Union (28) Extra-EU (28) exports Norway 1499 1497 0.6 5 12 1 0 Australia 1309 1322 0.5 4 -6 4 1 263915 ... 100.0 - - - - 107515 ... 72.0 8 6 12 ... 41671 ... 27.9 7 6 14 ... United States 23643 23593 15.8 7 -3 2 0 Brazil 4804 3013 3.2 12 10 11 -37 Above 10 Importers European Union (28) Extra-EU (28) imports Canada 3146 3319 2.1 14 17 0 5 Russian Federation 2909 3596 1.9 21 8 26 24 26 India 2280 2882 1.5 2 68 8 Norway 1869 1904 1.3 15 24 -9 2 Australia 1632 1880 1.1 11 0 14 15 Indonesia 852 892 0.6 13 2 17 5 Israel 749 ... 0.5 9 17 -6 ... Above 10 149400 ... 100.0 - - - - a Secretariat estimate based on data reported on computer services by the Reserve Bank of India. It excludes estimates for Information Technology Enabled Services (ITES) and Business Process Outsourcing Services (BPO), (source: RBI, Survey on Computer Software & Information Technology Services Exports, various issues), which have been included under other business services. Note : Based on information available to the Secretariat. As certain major traders in computer services do not report this item separately, they may not appear in the list. See the Metadata. 142 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 5.6 Other business services Table III.25 World exports of other business services by region, 2013 and 2014 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value Share Annual percentage change 2013 2014 2010 2013 2010-14 2013 2014 World 1040 1120 100.0 100.0 8 6 8 North America 149 156 14.8 13.9 6 3 4 South and Central America 40 40 3.7 3.6 7 -1 2 10 Exports Europe European Union (28) Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 522 572 51.3 51.1 8 6 482 527 46.3 47.0 8 7 9 25 22 2.1 2.0 7 11 -11 15 Africa 12 14 1.2 1.2 8 -2 Middle East 19 18 1.6 1.6 8 15 -4 Asia 271 297 25.3 26.5 9 7 10 2013 2014 Table III.26 Major exporters and importers of other business services, 2013 and 2014 (Million dollars and percentage) Share in 10 economies Value Annual percentage change 2014 2013 2010-13 2012 481846 526569 56.2 8 3 7 9 236730 266625 27.6 8 5 10 13 United States 120143 127676 14.0 7 7 4 6 China 57235 68895 6.7 10 9 12 20 India a 46318 47305 5.4 10 22 -2 2 Singapore 32382 32803 3.8 18 17 16 1 Canada 28433 27424 3.3 5 8 1 -4 31 Exporters European Union (28) Extra-EU (28) exports Japan 28256 36940 3.3 -4 -31 11 Chinese Taipei 23833 25862 2.8 8 8 4 9 Brazil 20509 21515 2.4 9 8 -4 5 Russian Federation Above 10 18449 16736 2.2 14 11 12 -9 857405 931725 100.0 - - - - 484172 504913 57.4 7 4 6 4 202234 216483 24.0 8 9 7 7 89145 93401 10.6 10 5 7 5 III TRADE IN COMMERCIAL SERVICES 2013 Importers European Union (28) Extra-EU (28) imports United States Japan 48568 58837 5.8 9 1 8 21 China 47325 53370 5.6 11 7 12 13 -7 Singapore 40322 37471 4.8 19 18 23 Brazil 29084 31395 3.4 12 12 3 8 Korea, Republic of 28124 31231 3.3 6 13 -3 11 India 27953 26875 3.3 3 19 -7 -4 Switzerland 26552 29221 3.1 9 0 6 10 Russian Federation Above 10 22876 23152 2.7 14 8 14 1 844120 889865 100.0 - - - - a Secretariat estimate. It includes an estimate for Information Technology Enabled Services (ITES) and Business Process Outsourcing Services (BPO) which are classified under "software" by the Reserve Bank of India (source: RBI, Survey on Computer Software & Information Technology Services Exports, various issues). Note : Based on information available to the Secretariat. As certain economies do not report this item separately, they may not appear in the list. See the Metadata. World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 143 . Table III.27 Trade in other business services by category, major economies, 2013 (Million dollars and percentage) Value Share Professional and management consulting services Total other Research and business development services services Technical, trade-related, and other business services Advertising, Legal, market accounting, management research, and public consulting, opinion and public polling relations services services Total Waste treatment and Architectural, engineering, de-pollution, scientific, and agricultural other technical and mining services services Total Operating leasing services Traderelated services Other business services n.i.e. Exporters European Union (28) 481846 13.6 32.9 23.9 9.0 53.5 14.2 3.2 5.3 8.9 22.0 236730 15.9 30.5 22.1 8.4 53.6 16.8 4.9 5.5 6.2 20.2 United States 120143 25.0 46.4 39.2 7.2 28.6 10.7 ... 7.1 0.8 2.0 China 57235 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... India a 46318 2.2 64.6 ... ... 33.2 ... ... ... ... ... Singapore 32382 2.8 59.9 ... ... 37.3 ... ... ... ... ... Canada 28433 15.2 43.1 38.1 4.9 41.7 22.1 ... 3.2 7.1 9.4 Japan 28256 13.6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Chinese Taipei 23833 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Brazil 20509 2.4 19.0 ... ... 78.6 ... ... ... ... ... Russian Federation 18449 2.0 44.4 ... 25.9 53.7 23.6 7.8 7.5 ... 14.7 Korea, Republic of 17660 3.5 10.5 7.6 2.9 86.0 15.8 0.4 3.8 13.6 52.4 Switzerland 15030 15.7 37.0 ... ... 47.3 ... ... ... ... ... Norway 13859 3.3 15.5 ... ... 81.3 ... ... ... ... ... Philippines 13208 0.1 0.3 ... ... 99.6 ... ... ... ... ... Hong Kong, China 12834 0.9 ... ... 6.5 ... 3.8 ... 0.1 41.4 11.0 Israel 12725 65.1 10.5 4.5 6.1 24.3 10.8 ... 0.5 7.1 5.9 Malaysia 8785 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Australia 8717 7.9 50.7 41.7 9.0 41.4 19.1 3.9 2.9 7.1 8.4 Thailand 7995 ... ... ... ... 100.0 ... ... ... ... ... Indonesia 6641 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 484172 15.8 32.8 22.6 10.2 51.3 8.4 1.4 4.5 12.2 24.7 202234 18.2 29.4 20.2 9.2 52.4 7.1 1.4 4.7 15.0 24.2 United States 89145 36.1 38.7 35.2 3.5 25.3 5.9 ... 3.9 1.7 6.4 Japan 48568 25.0 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... China 47325 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Singapore 40322 18.5 37.3 ... ... 44.2 ... ... ... ... ... Brazil 29084 0.2 6.9 ... ... 92.9 ... ... ... ... ... Korea, Republic of 28124 7.6 25.2 9.1 16.1 67.2 3.6 0.1 4.3 9.2 50.0 India 27953 0.9 37.6 ... ... 61.5 ... ... ... ... ... Switzerland 26552 23.5 54.3 ... ... 22.2 ... ... ... ... ... Russian Federation 22876 0.8 28.3 ... 9.5 70.9 24.2 15.7 18.5 ... 12.5 Canada 22049 6.6 48.5 44.8 3.7 44.9 20.7 ... 4.2 4.8 15.2 Norway 14913 3.0 12.4 ... ... 84.7 ... ... ... ... ... Chinese Taipei 11949 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Australia 11221 2.6 44.5 41.6 2.9 52.9 30.2 2.1 5.6 2.7 12.3 Hong Kong, China 10965 1.3 ... ... 5.2 ... 3.0 ... 16.4 38.6 7.7 Thailand 10529 ... ... ... ... 100.0 ... ... ... ... ... Angola 9453 ... 0.1 ... ... 99.9 ... ... ... ... ... Malaysia 8656 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Macao, China 8513 0.0 1.6 ... ... 98.4 ... ... ... ... ... Indonesia 7672 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Extra-EU (28) exports Importers European Union (28) Extra-EU (28) imports a Secretariat estimate. It includes an estimate for Information Technology Enabled Services (ITES) and Business Process Outsourcing Services (BPO) which are classified under "software" by the Reserve Bank of India (source: RBI, Survey on Computer Software & Information Technology Services Exports, various issues). Note : Based on information available to the Secretariat. As certain economies do not report other business services separately, they may not appear in the list. See the Metadata. 144 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 5.7 Personal, cultural and recreational services Table III.28 World exports of personal, cultural and recreational services by region, 2013 and 2014 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value Share Annual percentage change 2013 2014 2010 2014 2010-14 2013 2014 World 45 45 100.0 100.0 10 15 2 North America 4 3 10.7 7.2 -1 -4 -12 57 Exports South and Central America 1 2 2.4 3.8 22 22 Europe 32 32 68.2 70.2 10 21 -1 30 29 67.1 63.9 8 19 -3 -11 European Union (28) Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 1 1 2.5 2.1 5 24 Africa 1 1 1.1 1.2 11 1 -8 Middle East 1 1 1.6 2.6 23 -19 53 Asia 5 6 13.3 13.0 9 0 17 2013 2014 Table III.29 Major exporters and importers of personal, cultural and recreational services, 2013 and 2014 (Million dollars and percentage) Share in 10 economies Value 2014 2013 2010-13 2012 Exporters European Union (28) Extra-EU (28) exports 29838 28989 75.8 12 2 19 -3 12018 10413 30.5 14 12 23 -13 Canada 2927 2448 7.4 9 19 1 -16 Turkey 1286 1796 3.3 12 -4 5 40 India 1232 1266 3.1 8 123 61 3 Russian Federation 770 681 2.0 18 13 39 -12 Korea, Republic of 731 955 1.9 23 30 8 31 Australia 722 882 1.8 1 4 -20 22 United States a 714 747 1.8 -11 9 -20 5 Switzerland 606 770 1.5 19 -5 56 27 Singapore Above 10 543 550 1.4 2 3 2 1 39370 39085 100.0 - - - - III TRADE IN COMMERCIAL SERVICES 2013 Annual percentage change Importers European Union (28) 26936 28757 61.4 5 -2 11 7 Extra-EU (28) imports 12763 13643 29.1 6 -2 13 7 -22 Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. of 3791 2961 8.6 5 3 1 Canada 2646 2437 6.0 8 14 1 -8 Qatar 2115 1480 4.8 ... -2 51 -30 Brazil 1671 1719 3.8 18 -8 62 3 Australia 1633 1563 3.7 9 3 -6 -4 Norway 1584 1613 3.6 43 16 -13 2 Russian Federation 1264 1611 2.9 8 6 13 28 Japan 1130 849 2.6 7 23 -6 -25 Switzerland 1128 818 2.6 8 0 6 -27 43900 43810 100.0 - - - - Above 10 a The U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis records film and television tape distribution services under charges for the use of intellectual property n.i.e (rather than under audiovisual and related services). Note : Based on information available to the Secretariat. As certain economies do not report this item separately, they may not appear in the list. See the Metadata. World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 145 5.7.1 Audiovisual services Table III.30 Major exporters and importers of audio-visual and related services, 2013 and 2014 (Million dollars and percentage) Share in 10 economies Value Annual percentage change 2013 2014 2013 2010-13 2012 2013 2014 19009 ... 80.8 10 -4 27 ... 8040 ... 34.2 13 3 41 ... Canada 2428 ... 10.3 7 15 0 ... India 505 406 2.1 30 117 66 -20 22 Exporters European Union (28) Extra-EU (28) exports Korea, Republic of 441 536 1.9 25 43 13 Argentina 336 306 1.4 4 -12 9 -9 Russian Federation 289 216 1.2 -7 1 -8 -25 China 147 175 0.6 6 2 17 19 Australia 142 214 0.6 3 -5 -25 51 South Africa 127 129 0.5 6 3 2 1 Ecuador 110 99 0.5 18 22 10 -9 Above 10 23535 ... 100.0 - - - - 14637 ... 62.3 1 -3 -2 ... 6060 ... 25.8 2 -2 0 ... Canada 2339 ... 10.0 6 11 2 ... Australia 1325 1292 5.6 9 4 -6 -2 Importers European Union (28) Extra-EU (28) imports Brazil 1229 1274 5.2 9 -8 27 4 Japan 873 697 3.7 6 20 -9 -20 Russian Federation 865 846 3.7 1 -7 6 -2 China 783 874 3.3 28 41 39 12 Norway 514 524 2.2 6 9 -16 2 Argentina 484 463 2.1 9 7 6 -4 445 487 1.9 15 30 32 9 23495 ... 100.0 - - - - Korea, Republic of Above 10 Note : Based on information available to the Secretariat. As certain major traders in personal, cultural and recreational services do not report the item audiovisual and related services separately, they may not appear in the list. See the Metadata. 146 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 IV. Trade in global value chains IV TRADE IN GLOBAL VALUE CHAINS Where to find more online: World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 you can access and download the Excel files for the tables via www.wto.org/statistics 147 List of tables IV. Trade in global value chains 1. Overview 148 Table IV.1 Leading exporters and importers of intermediate goods, 2014 149 Table IV.2 The value added components of gross exports, selected economies, 2011 150 Table IV.3 Shares of domestic and foreign sectoral contributions in gross exports, selected economies, 2011 151 Table IV.4 Supplies of goods and services by United States affiliates established abroad, 2012 152 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 1. Overview Table IV.1 Leading exporters and importers of intermediate goods, 2014 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value Share in world exports/imports Annual percentage change 2014 2010 2014 2010-14 2012 2013 2014 2784 1023 963 771 368 323 282 226 201 177 148 140 135 128 112 111 35.9 12.6 9.6 10.2 6.5 3.8 2.9 3.1 2.7 1.4 2.0 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.5 1.2 34.8 12.8 12.1 9.6 4.6 4.0 3.5 2.8 2.5 2.2 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.4 4 6 11 4 -3 7 11 3 3 19 4 6 5 3 3 8 -6 -1 6 1 -3 1 -3 0 -2 -4 -7 -2 -7 -5 -7 19 7 12 11 0 -10 5 1 3 -1 3 2 16 4 -1 0 -4 0 -4 6 1 -7 5 37 1 1 72 -6 -10 -8 3 -1 -3 6868 86.0 86.0 5 -3 4 2 2602 898 1147 833 290 237 213 200 198 173 159 124 123 123 121 118 33.9 12.1 13.2 9.4 4.0 2.7 2.7 3.1 2.5 2.3 1.1 2.1 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.4 32.4 11.2 14.3 10.4 3.6 3.0 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.2 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 3 2 7 7 2 7 4 -1 4 3 21 -3 3 7 2 6 -10 -10 1 4 -5 5 -4 -5 3 2 -8 -10 -2 -3 2 -1 3 1 8 0 -6 2 -7 0 -2 2 5 -4 3 11 0 7 3 3 0 6 4 5 0 -14 1 0 88 -9 2 -5 -11 -4 6661 83.1 83.0 4 -4 2 2 Exporters European Union (28) extra-EU (28) exports China a United States Japan Korea, Republic of Taipei, Chinese Singapore Canada Switzerland Brazil India Australia Malaysia Thailand Russian Federation Above 15 Importers Above 15 a Includes significant shipments through processing zones b Imports are valued f.o.b. World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics IV TRADE IN GLOBAL VALUE CHAINS European Union (28) extra-EU (28) imports China a United States Japan Mexico a India Korea, Republic of Canada b Singapore Switzerland Taipei, Chinese Malaysia Turkey Thailand Brazil 149 Table IV.2 The value added components of gross exports, selected economies, 2011 (Percentage of gross exports) Value added content of exports a Foreign Domestic To third countries Re-imported Direct Total Total Argentina 69.4 16.5 0.0 85.9 14.1 100.0 Australia 56.1 29.7 0.1 85.9 14.1 100.0 Austria 47.0 25.0 0.2 72.2 27.8 100.0 Belgium 41.5 23.8 0.2 65.5 34.5 100.0 Brazil 64.6 24.6 0.1 89.2 10.8 100.0 Bulgaria 43.1 16.9 0.0 60.0 40.0 100.0 Canada 57.0 19.1 0.4 76.5 23.5 100.0 Chile 47.7 32.1 0.0 79.8 20.2 100.0 China 51.2 15.7 1.0 67.8 32.2 100.0 Colombia 62.1 30.2 0.0 92.4 7.6 100.0 Costa Rica 55.3 16.9 0.0 72.2 27.8 100.0 Croatia 65.9 14.0 0.0 79.8 20.2 100.0 Czech Republic 34.7 19.8 0.3 54.7 45.3 100.0 Denmark 42.5 24.6 0.2 67.4 32.6 100.0 Estonia 44.2 20.5 0.1 64.8 35.2 100.0 Finland 42.3 22.9 0.1 65.3 34.7 100.0 France 52.4 22.1 0.4 74.9 25.1 100.0 Germany 49.2 24.3 1.0 74.5 25.5 100.0 Greece 56.5 18.5 0.0 75.0 25.0 100.0 Hong Kong, China 55.6 23.9 0.1 79.6 20.4 100.0 Hungary 34.4 16.8 0.1 51.3 48.7 100.0 India 56.5 19.3 0.1 75.9 24.1 100.0 Indonesia 56.3 31.6 0.1 88.0 12.0 100.0 Ireland 40.3 16.0 0.1 56.4 43.6 100.0 Israel 55.1 19.6 0.0 74.7 25.3 100.0 Italy 52.0 21.3 0.3 73.5 26.5 100.0 Japan 52.0 33.0 0.4 85.3 14.7 100.0 Korea, Republic of 37.4 20.6 0.4 58.3 41.7 100.0 Latvia 46.9 24.3 0.1 71.3 28.7 100.0 Lithuania 53.5 22.7 0.1 76.3 23.7 100.0 Luxembourg 28.4 12.5 0.1 41.0 59.0 100.0 100.0 Malaysia 39.2 19.9 0.3 59.4 40.6 Mexico 52.9 15.1 0.3 68.3 31.7 100.0 Netherlands 51.9 27.9 0.1 80.0 20.0 100.0 New Zealand 66.6 16.7 0.0 83.3 16.7 100.0 Norway 41.7 40.9 0.3 82.8 17.2 100.0 Philippines 48.5 27.9 0.0 76.4 23.6 100.0 Poland 43.9 23.5 0.2 67.6 32.4 100.0 Portugal 49.1 18.0 0.1 67.2 32.8 100.0 Romania 50.9 24.7 0.1 75.6 24.4 100.0 Russian Federation 47.6 38.4 0.3 86.3 13.7 100.0 Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of 54.6 42.0 0.0 96.7 3.3 100.0 Singapore 37.8 20.2 0.1 58.2 41.8 100.0 Slovak Republic 32.3 20.7 0.2 53.2 46.8 100.0 Slovenia 41.1 22.7 0.0 63.8 36.2 100.0 South Africa 54.0 26.5 0.0 80.5 19.5 100.0 Spain 53.0 19.9 0.3 73.1 26.9 100.0 Sweden 45.6 24.9 0.3 70.8 29.2 100.0 Switzerland 52.0 26.0 0.2 78.2 21.8 100.0 ChineseTaipei 31.9 24.2 0.3 56.4 43.6 100.0 Thailand 45.4 15.5 0.1 61.0 39.0 100.0 Tunisia 49.1 18.4 0.0 67.6 32.4 100.0 Turkey 58.9 15.3 0.1 74.3 25.7 100.0 United Kingdom 51.7 24.9 0.4 77.0 23.0 100.0 United States 59.2 25.0 0.7 85.0 15.0 100.0 VietNam 47.7 16.0 0.1 63.7 36.3 100.0 EU(28) b d 48.3 22.7 0.4 71.3 28.7 100.0 Others c 55.6 33.4 0.4 89.4 10.6 100.0 World d 51.0 24.3 0.4 75.8 24.2 100.0 a See metadata (Chapter V, Section 2.4) for more details. b Including EU intra-exports. c Includes all countries except the individual economies shown in the table. d Average of individual economies. 150 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Table IV.3 Shares of domestic and foreign sectoral contributions in gross exports, selected economies, 2011 (Percentage) Origin of the value added content of exports a Domestic Primary products Foreign Manufactures Services Primary products Total Manufactures Services Argentina 23.0 24.0 38.9 3.3 4.3 6.5 Australia 33.5 10.8 41.6 4.9 3.3 5.9 100.0 100.0 Austria 2.1 24.8 45.5 4.8 8.5 14.3 100.0 Belgium 0.9 15.7 49.0 7.5 6.8 20.1 100.0 Brazil 22.8 20.0 46.4 2.9 2.9 4.9 100.0 Bulgaria 7.5 18.5 34.2 11.2 9.8 18.8 100.0 Canada 20.4 19.6 36.6 4.3 8.7 10.4 100.0 Chile 16.0 32.7 31.0 8.3 4.0 7.9 100.0 China 8.1 30.7 29.1 6.1 11.3 14.7 100.0 Colombia 53.2 15.3 23.8 1.3 2.8 3.5 100.0 Costa Rica 7.1 18.3 46.9 4.6 11.9 11.2 100.0 Croatia 3.5 16.1 60.2 5.3 4.8 10.0 100.0 Czech Republic 2.2 23.5 29.2 6.0 16.8 22.3 100.0 Denmark 6.6 14.6 45.9 5.1 6.3 21.4 100.0 Estonia 3.4 17.8 43.7 3.7 11.1 20.3 100.0 Finland 3.0 23.4 39.0 7.0 9.0 18.6 100.0 France 2.6 20.3 52.0 4.4 8.5 12.1 100.0 Germany 1.0 32.8 40.8 4.1 7.8 13.6 100.0 Greece 3.7 14.6 56.8 8.6 4.6 11.8 100.0 Hong Kong SAR 0.0 2.1 77.5 2.6 4.7 13.2 100.0 Hungary 2.7 19.9 28.9 5.3 18.0 25.2 100.0 India 9.3 17.6 49.2 9.6 4.4 10.0 100.0 Indonesia 40.2 23.1 24.7 4.0 3.2 4.9 100.0 Ireland 1.1 20.6 34.8 3.2 6.4 33.9 100.0 Israel 2.3 23.2 49.5 5.5 7.1 12.4 100.0 Italy 1.8 27.3 44.4 5.9 7.8 12.7 100.0 Japan 0.8 38.4 46.1 4.9 4.1 5.7 100.0 Korea 0.7 31.3 26.4 14.7 11.5 15.5 100.0 Latvia 5.8 16.5 49.1 3.5 9.3 15.8 100.0 Lithuania 3.5 22.0 50.8 4.7 6.3 12.7 100.0 Luxembourg 0.2 3.4 37.4 3.0 6.2 49.8 100.0 Malaysia 16.1 18.4 25.0 7.7 14.5 18.4 100.0 Mexico 18.6 23.9 25.8 3.5 15.0 13.2 100.0 Netherlands 7.7 15.9 56.5 3.6 3.0 13.4 100.0 New Zealand 14.5 16.9 52.0 5.2 3.3 8.1 100.0 Norway 42.3 9.4 31.2 2.0 5.2 10.1 100.0 Philippines 7.3 27.6 41.5 7.2 7.0 9.3 100.0 5.6 22.8 39.3 4.5 11.7 16.1 100.0 2.7 19.4 45.3 8.3 9.1 15.2 100.0 Romania 5.7 36.1 33.8 4.5 7.9 11.9 100.0 Russian Federation 25.7 20.9 39.6 1.7 5.2 6.9 100.0 Saudi Arabia 81.4 8.2 7.2 0.6 0.7 2.0 100.0 Singapore 0.2 15.7 42.3 9.0 7.5 25.2 100.0 Slovak Republic 2.7 21.9 28.7 8.7 17.0 21.0 100.0 Slovenia 1.9 23.9 38.1 5.5 11.6 19.0 100.0 South Africa 24.4 16.2 40.0 8.0 4.1 7.3 100.0 Spain 3.0 21.0 49.2 6.6 7.2 13.0 100.0 Sweden 2.9 22.6 45.4 4.9 8.0 16.2 100.0 Switzerland 0.6 24.9 52.8 2.4 7.0 12.3 100.0 Chinese Taipei 0.6 24.9 31.0 11.8 14.5 17.3 100.0 Thailand 9.9 23.5 27.7 9.2 12.3 17.5 100.0 Tunisia 14.0 18.1 35.5 5.1 10.7 16.6 100.0 Turkey 7.2 22.3 44.8 5.2 9.1 11.4 100.0 United Kingdom 5.3 18.7 53.1 4.2 6.9 11.8 100.0 United States 5.8 28.7 50.5 4.1 4.8 6.1 100.0 Viet Nam 23.0 15.7 25.0 7.9 12.7 15.7 100.0 EU(28) b d 2.8 23.4 45.2 5.0 8.0 15.6 100.0 Others c 50.8 13.1 25.5 1.8 3.8 5.1 100.0 World d 13.2 23.4 39.2 5.1 7.3 11.7 100.0 IV TRADE IN GLOBAL VALUE CHAINS Poland Portugal a See metadata (Chapter V, Section 2.4) for more details. b Including EU intra-exports. c Includes all countries except the individual economies shown in the table. d Average of individual economies. World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 151 Table IV.4 Supplies of goods and services by United States affiliates established abroad, 2012 (Billion dollars and percentage) Value Share in total supplies Total supplies to affiliated companies To parent companies To other local affiliated companies a 1739.0 471.0 349.0 30.3 8.2 6.1 To other non-local affiliated companies b Total supplies to unaffiliated companies To unaffiliated companies in the United States To unaffiliated local companies a To unaffiliated non-local companies b 919.0 3999.0 111.0 3063.0 825.0 16.0 69.7 1.9 53.4 14.4 Total supplies to affiliated and unaffiliated companies 5738.0 100.0 a Companies located in the same economy as the reporting affiliate. b Companies located in third economies. Note : Total supplies of goods and services are similar to sales, except for insurance and finance industries where only the service trade margin is recorded. See the metadata. 152 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Composition, definitions & methodology The data for this report comes from a variety of sources. How it is compiled and presented is explained in this chapter. 1. Composition of geographical and economic groupings 154 2. Definitions and methodology 158 3. Specific notes for selected economies 165 4. Statistical sources 165 World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 153 1. Composition of geographical and economic groupings WTO members are frequently referred to as “countries”, although some members are not countries in the usual sense of the word but are officially “customs territories”. The definition of geographical and other groupings in this report does not imply an expression of opinion by the Secretariat concerning the status of any country or territory, the delimitation of its frontiers, nor the rights and obligations of any WTO member in respect of WTO agreements. The colours, boundaries, denominations, and classifications in the maps of this publication do not imply, on the part of the WTO, any judgement on the legal or other status of any territory, or any endorsement or acceptance of any boundary. Throughout this report, South and Central America and the Caribbean is referred to as South and Central America; Aruba, the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China, Macao Special Administrative Region of China, the Republic of Korea 154 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics and the Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu are referenced as Aruba (the Netherlands with respect to), Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. of; Hong Kong, China; Macao, China; Korea, Republic of; and Chinese Taipei respectively. Changes in statistical territories in 2010 and 2011 involving the Netherlands Antilles and Sudan are reflected in this report, as far as available statistics permit. Data for the Netherlands Antilles are no longer given beginning with 2011, and are replaced with data for the successor states Curaçao and Sint Maarten. Further, the secession of South Sudan from Sudan in July 2011 resulted in a decrease in the magnitude of the latter’s trade flows. No time series is currently disseminated for South Sudan. Data for least developed countries until 2013 includes Samoa. Data provided by Ukraine do not include the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol starting 2014. World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 * WTO members ** Observer governments North America     Bermuda Canada* Mexico* United States of America* Other territories in the region not elsewhere specified South and Central America and the Caribbean Antigua and Barbuda* Argentina* Aruba (the Netherlands with respect to) Bahamas** Barbados* Belize* Bolivia, Plurinational State of* Brazil* Chile* Colombia* Costa Rica* Cuba* Curaçao Dominica* Dominican Republic* Ecuador* El Salvador* Grenada* Guatemala* Guyana* Haiti* Honduras* Jamaica* Nicaragua* Panama* Paraguay* Peru* Saint Kitts and Nevis* Saint Lucia* Saint Vincent and the Grenadines* Sint Maarten Suriname* Trinidad and Tobago* Uruguay* Venezuela, Bolivaria Rep. of* Other territories in the region not elsewhere specified Europe      Albania* Czech Republic* Andorra** Denmark* Austria* Estonia* Belgium* Finland* Bosnia and Herzegovina** France* Bulgaria* FYR Macedonia* Croatia* Germany* Cyprus* Greece* Other territories in the region not elsewhere specified Hungary* Iceland* Ireland* Italy* Latvia* Liechtenstein* Lithuania* Luxembourg* Malta* Slovak Republic* Montenegro* Slovenia* Netherlands* Spain* Norway* Sweden* Poland* Switzerland* Portugal* Turkey* Romania* United Kingdom* Serbia** Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) a Armenia* Georgia*a Azerbaijan** Kazakhstan** Belarus** Kyrgyz Republic* Other territories in the region not elsewhere specified Moldova* Russian Federation* Tajikistan* Turkmenistan Ukraine* Uzbekistan** a Georgia is not a member of the Commonwealth of Independent States but is included in this group for reasons of geography and similarities in economic structure. Africa      Algeria** Congo* Angola* Congo, Dem. Rep. of* Benin* Côte d’Ivoire* Botswana* Djibouti* Burkina Faso* Egypt* Burundi* Equatorial Guinea** Cameroon* Eritrea Cabo Verde* Ethiopia** Central African Republic* Gabon* Chad* The Gambia* Comoros** Ghana* Other territories in the region not elsewhere specified Guinea* Guinea-Bissau* Kenya* Lesotho* Liberia, Republic of** Libya** Madagascar* Malawi* Mali* Mauritania* Mauritius* Morocco* Mozambique* Namibia* Niger* Nigeria* Rwanda* Sao Tome and Principe** Senegal* Seychelles* Sierra Leone* Somalia South Africa* Sudan** South Sudan Swaziland* Tanzania* Togo* Tunisia* Uganda* Zambia* Zimbabwe* Middle East Bahrain* Israel* Iran** Jordan* Iraq** Kuwait, the State of* Other territories in the region not elsewhere specified Lebanese Republic** Oman* Qatar* Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of* Syrian Arab Republic** United Arab Emirates* Yemen* Asia    Afghanistan** Australia* Bangladesh* Bhutan** Brunei Darussalam* Cambodia* China* Fiji* Hong Kong, China* India* Indonesia* Japan* Kiribati Korea, Republic of* Lao People’s Dem. Rep.* Macao, China* Other territories in the region not elsewhere specified World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Malaysia* Maldives* Mongolia* Myanmar* Nepal* New Zealand* Pakistan* Palau Papua New Guinea* Philippines* Samoa* Singapore* Solomon Islands* Sri Lanka* Chinese Taipei* Thailand* Tonga* Tuvalu Vanuatu* Viet Nam*     Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 155 Regional integration agreements Andean Community (CAN) Bolivia Colombia Ecuador Peru ASEAN (Association of South East Asian Nations) / AFTA (ASEAN Free Trade Area) Brunei Darussalam Indonesia Cambodia Lao People's Dem. Rep. CACM (Central American Common market) Malaysia Myanmar Philippines Singapore Thailand Viet Nam Costa Rica El Salvador CARICOM (Caribbean Community and Common Market) Guatemala Honduras Nicaragua Antigua and Barbuda Belize Guyana Bahamas Dominica Haiti Barbados Grenada Jamaica CEMAC (Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa) Montserrat Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Cameroon Chad Congo Central African Republic COMESA (Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa) Burundi Egypt Libya Comoros Eritrea Madagascar Congo, Dem. Rep. of Ethiopia Malawi Djibouti Kenya Mauritius ECCAS (Economic Community of Central African States) Equatorial Guinea Gabon Rwanda Seychelles South Sudan Sudan Swaziland Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe Angola Central African Republic Burundi Chad Cameroon Congo ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States) Congo, Dem. Rep. of Equatorial Guinea Gabon Rwanda Sao Tome and Principe Benin Côte d'Ivoire Burkina Faso The Gambia Ghana Cabo Verde EFTA (European Free Trade Association) Guinea Guinea- Bissau Liberia, Republic of Mali Niger Nigeria Senegal Sierra Leone Togo Iceland European Union (28) Liechtenstein Norway Switzerland Austria Belgium Denmark Estonia Hungary Ireland Malta Netherlands Slovenia Spain Bulgaria Finland Italy Poland Sweden Croatia France Cyprus Germany Czech Republic Greece GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council) Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Portugal Romania Slovak Republic United Kingdom Bahrain Qatar Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of United Arab Emirates Argentina Brazil NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) Paraguay Uruguay Canada Mexico SADC (Southern African Development Community) United States Angola Lesotho Botswana Madagascar Congo, Dem. Rep. of Malawi SAFTA (South Asia Free Trade Agreement) Mauritius Mozambique Namibia South Africa Seychelles Swaziland Tanzania Zambia Zimbabwe Bangladesh India Bhutan Maldives SAPTA (South Asian Preferential Trade Area) Bangladesh India Bhutan Maldives WAEMU (West African Economic and Monetary Union) Nepal Pakistan Sri Lanka Nepal Pakistan Sri Lanka Benin Côte d'Ivoire Mali Senegal Togo Burkina Faso Guinea- Bissau Niger Oman Kuwait, the State of MERCOSUR (Southern Common Market) 156 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Other groups ACP (African, Caribbean and Pacific countries) Angola Côte d’Ivoire Antigua and Barbuda Cuba Bahamas Djibouti Barbados Dominica Belize Dominican Republic Benin Equatorial Guinea Botswana Eritrea Burkina Faso Ethiopia Haiti Jamaica Kenya Kiribati Lesotho Liberia, Republic of Madagascar Malawi Burundi Mali Fiji Cameroon Gabon Central African Republic The Gambia Chad Ghana Comoros Grenada Congo Guinea Congo, Dem. Rep. of Guinea-Bissau Cook Islands Guyana Africa North Africa Algeria Egypt Sub- Saharan Africa Western Africa Benin The Gambia Burkina Faso Ghana Cabo Verde Guinea Côte d’Ivoire Central Africa Burundi Central African Republic Cameroon Chad Eastern Africa Comoros Ethiopia Djibouti Kenya Eritrea Madagascar Southern Africa Angola Lesotho Botswana Malawi Territories in Africa not elsewhere specified Asia East Asia (including Oceania): Australia Indonesia Brunei Darussalam Japan Cambodia Kiribati China Lao People’s Dem. Rep. Fiji Macao, China Hong Kong, China Malaysia West Asia: Afghanistan Bhutan Bangladesh India APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) Australia Hong Kong, China Brunei Darussalam Indonesia Canada Japan Chile Korea China Mexico BRIC (Brazil, Russian Federation, India and China) North America Developed economies: (except Mexico) Developing economies: Africa LDCs (Least-developed countries) Afghanistan Comoros Angola Congo, Dem. Rep. of Bangladesh Djibouti Benin Equatorial Guinea Bhutan Eritrea Burkina Faso Ethiopia Burundi The Gambia Cambodia Guinea Central African Republic Guinea-Bissau Chad Haiti Six East Asian traders* Hong Kong, China Republic of Korea Malaysia South Africa South Sudan Sudan Suriname Swaziland Tanzania Timor Leste Togo Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Micronesia Mozambique Namibia Nauru Niger Nigeria Niue Palau Papua New Guinea Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa Sao Tome and Principe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Solomon Islands Somalia Libya Morocco Tunisia Guinea-Bissau Liberia, Republic of Mali Mauritania Niger Nigeria Senegal Sierra Leone Togo Congo Dem. Rep. of the Congo Equatorial Guinea Gabon Rwanda Sao Tome and Principe Mauritius Seychelles Somalia South Sudan Sudan Tanzania Uganda Mozambique Namibia Swaziland South Africa Zambia Zimbabwe Mongolia Myanmar New Zealand Papua New Guinea Philippines Republic of Korea Samoa Singapore Solomon Islands Chinese Taipei Thailand Tonga Tuvalu Vanuatu Viet Nam Maldives Nepal Pakistan Sri Lanka Malaysia New Zealand Peru Papua New Guinea Philippines Russian Federation Singapore Thailand Chinese Taipei United States Viet Nam European Union (28) Australia, Japan and New Zealand South and Central America and the Caribbean, Mexico EFTA (Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland) Europe except the European Union (28) and EFTA; Middle East Kiribati Lao People’s Dem. Rep. Lesotho Liberia, Republic of Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Niger Rwanda Sao Tome and Principe Senegal Sierra Leone Solomon Islands Somalia South Sudan Sudan Tanzania Timor Leste Togo Tuvalu Uganda Vanuatu Yemen Zambia Singapore Chinese Taipei Thailand Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tuvalu Uganda Vanuatu Zambia Zimbabwe Asia except Australia, Japan, and New Zealand * Excluding Malaysia and Thailand, these countries comprise the Four East Asian Traders. World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 157 2. Definitions and methodology 2.1 Merchandise trade 2.1.1 Exports and imports Two systems of recording merchandise exports and imports are in common use. They are referred to as general trade and special trade and differ mainly in the way warehoused and re-exported goods are treated. General trade figures are larger than the corresponding special trade figures because the latter exclude certain trade flows, such as goods shipped through bonded warehouses. To the extent possible, total merchandise trade is defined in this report according to the general trade definition. It covers all types of inward and outward movement of goods through a country or territory including movements through customs warehouses and free zones. Goods include all merchandise that either add to or subtract from the stock of material resources of a country or territory by entering (imports) or leaving (exports) the country’s economic territory. For further explanations, see United Nations International Trade Statistics, Concepts and Definitions, Series M, N° 52, Revision 2. Unless otherwise indicated, exports are valued at transaction value, including the cost of transportation and insurance to bring the merchandise to the frontier of the exporting country or territory (“free on board” valuation). Imports are valued at transaction value plus the cost of transportation and insurance to the frontier of the importing country or territory (“cost, insurance and freight” valuation). Table IV.2 Products A. Primary products (i) Agricultural products (SITC sections 0, 1, 2 and 4 minus divisions 27 and 28) of which, - Food (SITC sections 0, 1, 4 and division 22) of which, 0 - Food and live animals 1 - Beverages and tobacco 4 - Animal and vegetable oils, fats and waxes 22 - Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits - - Fish (SITC division 03) - - Other food products and live animals ( SITC sections 0, 1, 4 and division 22 minus division 03) - Raw materials (SITC divisions 21, 23, 24, 25, 26, 29) of which, 21 - Hides, skins and furskins, raw 23 - Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed) 24 - Cork and wood 25 - Pulp and waste paper 26 - Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into yarn or fabric) 29 - Crude animal and vegetable materials, not elsewhere specified (ii) Fuels and mining products (SITC section 3 and divisions 27, 28, 68) of which, - Ores and other minerals (SITC divisions 27, 28) of which, 27 - Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and precious stones) 28 - Metalliferous ores and metal scrap - Fuels (SITC section 3) - Non-ferrous metals (SITC division 68) B. Manufactures (SITC sections 5, 6, 7, 8 minus division 68 and group 891) (i) Iron and steel (SITC division 67) (ii) Chemicals (SITC section 5) of which, - Pharmaceuticals (SITC division 54) - Other chemicals (SITC divisions 51, 52, 53, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59) of which, 51 - Organic chemicals 52 - Inorganic chemicals 53 - Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials 55 - Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleaning preparations 56 - Fertilizers (other than those of Group 272, i.e Fertilizers, crude) 57 - Plastics in primary forms 58 - Plastics in non-primary forms 59 - Chemical materials and products, not elsewhere specified 158 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Products (continued) (iii) Other semi-manufactures (SITC divisions 61, 62, 63, 64, 66, 69) of which, 61 - Leather, leather manufactures, not elsewhere specified and dressed furskins 62 - Rubber manufactures, not elsewhere specified 63 - Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture) 64 - Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard 66 - Non-metallic mineral manufactures, not elsewhere specified 69 - Manufactures of metals, not elsewhere specified (iv) Machinery and transport equipment (SITC section 7) - Office and telecommunication equipment (SITC divisions 75, 76 and group 776) of which, - - Electronic data processing and office equipment (SITC division 75) - - Telecommunications equipment (SITC division 76) - - Integrated circuits, and electronic components (SITC group 776) - Transport equipment (SITC group 713, sub-group 7783 and divisions 78, 79) of which, 78 - Road vehicles (including air-cushion vehicles) 79 - Other transport equipment - - Automotive products (SITC groups 781, 782, 783, 784 and subgroups 7132, 7783) of which, 781 - Motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for the transport of persons (other than public-transport type vehicles), including station wagons and racing cars 782 - Motor vehicles for the transport of goods and special purpose motor vehicles 783 - Road motor vehicles, not elsewhere specified 784 - Parts and accessories of the motor vehicles and tractors 7132 - Internal combustion piston engines for propelling vehicles listed above - -Other transport equipment (SITC division 79, groups 713, 785, 786 minus sub-group 7132) of which, 79 - Other transport equipment 713 - Internal combustion piston engines, and parts thereof, not elsewhere specified 785 - Motorcycles and cycles, motorized and non-motorized 786 - Trailers and semi-trailers, other vehicles (not mechanically propelled), and specially designed and equipped transport containers - Other machinery (SITC divisions 71, 72, 73, 74, 77 minus groups 713, 776 minus sub-group 7783) of which, - - Power generating machinery (SITC division 71 minus group 713) of which, 71 - Power generating machinery and equipment minus 713 - Internal combustion piston engines, and parts thereof, not elsewhere specified - - Non-electrical machinery (SITC divisions 72, 73, 74) of which, 72 - Machinery specialized for particular industries 73 - Metal working machinery 74 - General industrial machinery and equipment, not elsewhere specified and machine parts, not elsewhere specified - - Electrical machinery (SITC division 77 minus group 776 and subgroup 7783) of which, 77 - Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, not elsewhere specified and electrical parts thereof minus 776 - Thermionic, cold cathode or photo-cathode valves and tubes 7783 - Electrical equipment, not elsewhere specified, for internal combustion engines and vehicles; and parts thereof (v) Textiles (SITC division 65) (vi) Clothing (SITC division 84) (vii) Other manufactures (SITC divisions 81, 82, 83, 85, 87, 88, 89 excluding group 891) of which, - Personal and household goods (SITC divisions 82, 83 and 85) of which, 82 - Furniture and parts thereof, bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed furnishings 83 - Travel goods, handbags and similar containers 85 - Footwear - Scientific and controlling instruments (SITC division 87) - Miscellaneous manufactures (SITC divisions 81, 88 and 89 minus group 891) of which, 81 - Prefabricated buildings, sanitary plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, not elsewhere specified 88 - Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, not elsewhere specified; watches and clocks 89 - Miscellaneous manufactured articles, not elsewhere specified C. Other products: commodities and transactions not classified elsewhere (including gold); arms and ammunition (SITC section 9 and group 891) 9- Commodities and transactions not classfied elsewhere in SITC 891 - Arms and Ammunition D. Intermediate products include all parts and accessories as well as industrial primary and processed intermediate products. The “fuels and lubricants” category (BEC code 3) was excluded. BEC codes 42, 53, 111, 121, 21, 22 World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 159 2.1.2 Products All product groups are defined according to Revision 3 of the Standard International Trade Classification (SITC). Throughout this report, other food products and live animals; beverages and tobacco; animal and vegetable oils, fats and waxes; oilseeds and oleaginous fruit are referred to as other food products; electronic data processing and office equipment is referred to as EDP and office equipment; and integrated circuits and electronic components is referred to as integrated circuits. Agricultural products according to the AOA (WTO Agreement on Agriculture) definition refer to HS chapters 1 to 24 (excluding fish and fish products) and a number of manufactured agricultural products (for further information see “The Legal Texts, The Results of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Negotiations”, WTO). This definition does not correspond to the definition of agricultural products presented in the breakdown of merchandise trade by main commodity group (see table II.1). 2.1.3 World trade network The world merchandise trade network by region and product from which Appendix tables A2 and A12 are derived is based on export data. The network is constructed in the following way: First, total merchandise exports from each of the seven regions are aggregated from the individual country or territory figures published in Appendix table A6. Next, the total merchandise exports of each region are distributed by destination and then by product. The regional and commodity breakdown is based on UNSD Comtrade database, EUROSTAT, GTIS GTA database, national statistics and Secretariat estimates. During this process, the principal adjustments to the figures are as follows: (i) E  xports of ships to the open registry countries Panama and the Republic of Liberia are re-allocated from each region’s exports to South and Central America and Africa to “unspecified destinations” (a category not shown separately). (ii) China’s exports are adjusted to approximate their final destination. 160 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics (iii) E xports of non-monetary gold, where known, are included. When they cannot be broken down by destination, they are allocated to “unspecified destinations”. (iv) South Africa’s trade has been revised to include trade with the former Southern African Customs Union members starting 2010. (v) “Estimates for the Middle East include unrecorded re-exports of the United Arab Emirates which accounted for 6 per cent of the region’s total exports in 2014. As of this publication, these are no longer distributed by product and destination and are instead included in unspecified products and destinations.” 2.1.4 Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner (Commodity and Appendix tables) For trade by product, world totals include shipments which have not been distinguished by origin or destination. For trade by region and partner, world totals include goods which have not been specified by product. The following adjustment has been made to the figures: Exports of ships to the open registry countries Panama and the Republic of Liberia are reallocated from each economy’s exports to South and Central America and Africa to “unspecified destinations” (a category not shown separately). The selection of each economy’s major trading partners is based on a ranking of total trade (exports plus imports) of each economy with their trading partners in 2014 (member States of the EU (28) are counted as one trading partner). Appendix tables are no longer found in the print publication and may be found in the WTO Statistics webpage (http://www.wto.org/english/res_e/ statis_e/its2015_e/its15_appendix_e.htm) 2.1.5 Merchandise trade and the goods account in balance of payments statistics Merchandise trade statistics serve as an input for the compilation of the goods account in the balance of payments (BOP) and the rest of the world account in the System of National Accounts (SNA). The compilation of international merchandise trade statistics (IMTS) relies principally on customs records complemented, as appropriate, by additional sources to enhance their coverage (for instance, to include electricity, or trade in vessels and aircrafts). These statistics essentially reflect the physical movement of goods across borders, while National Accounts and BOP statistics record transactions that involve change in ownership. The goods account in the BOP is generally compiled on the basis of IMTS after they have been adjusted for coverage, timing, and valuation. Coverage differences between BOP statistics and IMTS concern mainly: • items such as blueprints, videos, and tapes which are regarded as services within the BOP (hence are excluded from goods) whereas they are included in merchandise trade statistics at the value of the material support; • goods that for practical reasons are excluded from merchandise trade but should in theory be recorded in BOP statistics, such as fish and salvage sold abroad by resident vessels, or imports of bunkers and stores acquired abroad for mobile equipment operated by residents; • goods under the improvement and repair trade regime should be excluded from IMTS, but they are to be included in the goods account at the value of the repair under the BPM5; • another coverage difference concerns goods that are imported in an economy where they undergo processing operations, and are thereafter re-exported. IMTS recommends that these movements be recorded on a gross basis, whereas BPM5 distinguishes between goods that return to the country of origin (included within the goods account but reported separately) and those that are sent to a third economy (such flows are considered as trade in general merchandise between the economy of origin and final destination, and should be excluded from the goods account of the economy where the processing takes place). World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 The physical movement of goods across border measured in IMTS do not necessarily coincide in timing with changes in the ownership of goods. BPM5 therefore recommends the application of specific adjustments for such cases. As far as valuation is concerned, the issue that affects most data comparability concerns the point of valuation, namely, whether goods are valued at the importer’s border - that is at the cost, insurance and freight value - or at the free on board value at the exporter’s border. IMTS guidelines recommend the adoption of the c.i.f. valuation for imports whereas the fifth edition of the IMF’s Balance of Payments Manual (BPM5) requires the f.o.b. valuation. Additional adjustments may be made by BOP compilers to conform to the BPM5 requirement for a market price for valuing trade, processing trade, and with respect to currency conversion. Once adjusted, merchandise trade is recorded in the goods category of the current account, along with services, income, and current transfers. Therefore, within the balance of payments framework transactions in both goods and services are harmonized and provide for comparable statistical series. Strictly speaking, it is not correct to aggregate the figures for commercial services and merchandise shown elsewhere in this report. It should be noted that some economies still apply the concepts of the fourth edition of the Balance of Payments Manual, and thus do not include goods for processing and goods procured in port carriers in the goods account. 2.2 Trade in commercial services between residents and non-residents of an economy (BPM6) Depending on the location of the supplier and the consumer, the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) defines four modes of supply. In addition to the cross-border supply (mode 1), where both the supplier and the consumer remain in their World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 respective home territories, GATS also covers cases where consumers are outside their home territory to consume services (mode 2 – consumption abroad), or where service suppliers are in the territory of the consumers to provide their services, whether by establishing affiliates through direct investment abroad (mode 3 – commercial presence), or through the presence of natural persons (mode 4). An economy’s Balance of Payments, namely the services account, can be used to derive estimates covering trade in commercial services for modes 1, 2 and 4. The Balance of Payments does however not include most of the information on services supplied through foreign affiliates that is required to estimate the size of mode 3. A framework for collecting these data, the “Foreign Affiliates Statistics (FATS)” was adopted by the international statistical community for the first time in 2002, and then further developed in 2010. FATS are available in the annual publication International Trade Statistics and on the online tool I-TIP services. 2.2.1 Trade in commercial services between residents and non-residents of an economy (BPM6), exports and imports Exports (credits or receipts) and imports (debits or payments) of commercial services are included in balance of payments statistics, in conformity with the concepts, definitions and classification of the sixth (2009) edition of the IMF Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual (BPM6) as well as the 2010 edition of the Manual on Statistics of International Trade in Services (MSITS 2010). Definition of commercial services in the Balance of Payments In the sixth edition of the Balance of Payments Manual, the current account is subdivided into goods, services (including government goods and services, n.i.e.), primary income, and secondary income. Commercial services comprise all services categories except government goods and services, n.i.e. Commercial services are sub-divided into manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others, maintenance and repair services n.i.e., transport, travel, and other commercial services. The BPM6 contains the following 12 standard services components. (1) Manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others (2) Maintenance and repair services, n.i.e. (3) Transport (4) Travel (5) Construction (6) Insurance and pension services (7) Financial services (8) Charges for the use of intellectual property, n.i.e. (9) Telecommunications, computer and information services (10) Other business services (11) Personal, cultural and recreational services (12) Government goods and services, n.i.e. Manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others cover processing, assembly, labelling, packing, and similar activities undertaken by enterprises that do not own the goods concerned and are paid a fee by the owner. Only the fee charged by the processor, which may cover the cost of materials purchased, is included under this item. Examples include oil refining, liquefaction of natural gas, assembly of clothing and electronics, assembly, labelling, and packing. Maintenance and repair services n.i.e. cover maintenance and repair work – by residents – on goods that are owned by non-residents (and vice versa). The repairs may be performed at the site of the repairer or elsewhere. The value recorded for maintenance and repairs is the value of the work done – not the gross value of the goods before and after repairs. Manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others and Maintenance and repair services n.i.e. form a new WTO aggregate named Goods-related services. Transport is the process of carriage of people and objects from one location to another as well as related supporting and auxiliary services. Transport can be classified according to: (i) mode of transport, namely, sea, air, or other (“other” may be further broken down into rail, road, internal waterway, pipeline, and space transport as well as electricity Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 161 transmission); and (ii) what is carried – passengers or freight. Also included are postal and courier services. Travel credits cover goods and services – for own use or to give away – acquired by non-residents from an economy during visits to that economy. Travel debits cover goods and services – for own use or to give away – acquired from other economies by residents of the reporting economy during visits to these other economies. The most common goods and services covered are lodging, food and beverages, entertainment and transportation (within the economy visited), gifts and souvenirs. Travel is further subdivided into: (i) personal travel and (ii) business travel. The aggregate category Other commercial services corresponds to the following components defined in BPM6: Construction covers the creation, renovation, repair, or extension of fixed assets in the form of buildings, land improvements of an engineering nature, and other similar engineering constructions such as roads, bridges, dams, and so forth. It also includes related installation and assembly work, site preparation, specialized services such as painting, plumbing, and demolition, and management of construction projects. Construction also covers the acquisition of goods and services by the enterprises undertaking construction work from the economy of location of the construction work. Construction can be divided into (i) construction abroad and (ii) construction in the compiling economy. Insurance and pension services include services of providing life insurance and annuities, nonlife insurance, reinsurance, freight insurance, pensions, standardized guarantees, and auxiliary services to insurance, pension schemes, and standardized guarantee schemes. Financial services cover financial intermediary and auxiliary services, except insurance and pension fund services, provided by banks and other financial corporations. They include deposit taking and lending, letters of credit, credit card services, commissions and charges related to financial leasing, factoring, underwriting, and clearing 162 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics of payments. Also included are financial advisory services, custody of financial assets or bullion, financial asset management, monitoring services, liquidity provision services, risk assumption services other than insurance, merger and acquisition services, credit rating services, stock exchange services, and trust services. Financial services may be charged for by: (i) explicit charges; (ii) margins on buying and selling transactions; (iii) asset management costs deducted from property income receivable in the case of asset-holding entities; or (iv) margins between interest payable and the reference rate on loans and deposits (called financial intermediation service charges indirectly measured – FISIM). Charges for the use of intellectual property n.i.e. include: (i) Charges for the use of proprietary rights (such as patents, trademarks, copyrights, industrial processes and designs including trade secrets, franchises); these rights can arise from research and development, as well as from marketing; and (ii) Charges for licenses to reproduce or distribute (or both) intellectual property embodied in produced originals or prototypes (such as copyrights on books and manuscripts, computer software, cinematographic works, and sound recordings) and related rights (such as for live performances and television, cable, or satellite broadcast). Telecommunications, computer and information services cover (i) Telecommunications services, which encompass the broadcast or transmission of sound, images, data, or other information by telephone, telex, telegram, radio and television cable transmission, radio and television satellite, electronic mail, facsimile, and so forth, including business network services, teleconferencing, and support services; (ii) Computer services consisting of hardwareand software-related services and data-processing services; (iii) Information services including news agency services, such as the provision of news, photographs, and feature articles to the media as well as database services. Other business services include (i) Research and development services, (ii) Professional and management consulting services and (iii) Technical, trade-related and other business services. (i) Research and development services consist of services that are associated with basic and applied research, and experimental development of new products and processes. (ii) Professional and management consulting services include (a) legal services, accounting, management consulting, managerial services, and public relations services; and (b) advertising, market research, and public opinion polling services. (iii) Technical, trade-related, and other business services include: (a) architectural, engineering, and other technical services; (b) waste treatment and depollution, agricultural, and mining services; (c) operating leasing services; (d) trade-related services; and (e) other business services n.i.e. Personal, cultural, and recreational services consist of (i) Audiovisual and related services and (ii) other personal, cultural, and recreational services. (i) Audiovisual and related services cover services and fees related to the production of motion pictures (on film, videotape, disk, or transmitted electronically, etc.), radio and television programs (live or on tape), and musical recordings. (ii) Other personal, cultural, and recreational services include (a) health services, (b) education services, (c) heritage and recreational services, and (d) other personal services. Health services as well as education services are provided remotely or on-site. Data on exports and imports of total services (including government goods and services n.i.e), other services (including government goods and services n.i.e) as well as government goods and services n.i.e. are available as memorandum items in the WTO online Statistics Database. Memo items: – Total services (Commercial services plus Government goods and services n.i.e) – Other services (Other commercial services plus Government goods and services n.i.e) World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 – Government goods and services n.i.e 2.3 Foreign Affiliates Statistics 2.4 Trade in global value chains Government goods and services n.i.e. cover: (a) goods and services supplied by and to enclaves, such as embassies, military bases, and international organizations; (b) goods and services acquired from the host economy by diplomats, consular staff, and military personnel located abroad and their dependents; (c) services supplied by and to governments and not included in other categories of services. The new statistical framework on Foreign Affiliates Statistics (FATS) is developed in the Manual on Statistics of International Trade in Services 2010, the OECD Benchmark Definition of Foreign Direct Investment and the OECD Handbook on Economic Globalisation Indicators. The statistical framework covers both goods and services producing enterprises. The measurement of trade in value added terms traces the source of the value added, by country and industry that is contained in the products (goods and services) traded across the world. Statistics on international trade in services are produced jointly and published simultaneously with UNCTAD and ITC. Regional and world estimates for 2014 for sub-item of other commercial services should be considered as preliminary. Coverage and comparability While many economies worldwide have fully implemented the BPM6 for the recording of their Balance of Payments services transactions, some are still compiling their statistics according to the BPM5 methodology. Consequently, comparability and coverage of data may not always be complete. It should be noted in particular that world and regional estimates of trade in new services items such as Manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others and Maintenance and repair services n.i.e. may be underestimated, as some economies do not report these items yet. While the coverage and comparability of trade in services statistics have improved significantly over the years, the data remain subject to recognized limitations, such as i) certain countries do not collect figures for all items, ii) statistically capturing some services items remains difficult (more notably on the imports side), iii) data can be reported on a net rather than gross basis, iv) certain transactions may prove complex to classify appropriately, v) different sources, data collection and estimation methods lead to diverse results, etc. These distortions are more significant on detailed items levels and may lead to considerable asymmetries among countries’ reported trade flows by origin and destination. World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 It analyses the universe of affiliates for which foreign investors own more than 50 per cent of the voting power or equity interest. Depending on the compiler’s view, one can distinguish inward FATS, that is, activities of foreign-owned affiliates in the compiling economy, or, outward FATS, that is, foreign affiliates of the compiling economy active abroad. Variables such as sales, value added, number of employees, etc. are used to describe the affiliates’ activities. These variables are broken down by country of origin or destination of investments and also by type of primary activity of the affiliates. The United States also provide a breakdown into total supply of goods and total supply of services products. In the case of services industries the concept of supply (or output) is based on measures that better capture service output (i.e. the margin). This mainly has an impact on the measurement of activities of wholesalers and retailers, insurers and financial intermediaries. From a GATS perspective, the size of mode 3 in a given country can be approximated through the value of the output (or supply) of services by foreignowned affiliates. In the absence of data on output, sales of services are used. In tables i.24-i26 the focus is on services (i.e. to measure the GATS concept of supply of services through commercial presence), whereas table iv.4 covers both goods and services. FATS are currently available mainly for OECD and a small number of nonOECD economies. Given the recent development of these statistics, comparability and coverage of individual economy data may not always be complete. Availability of detailed data and long-time series varies considerably between economies. Value added is defined as the value that is added by industries to produce goods and services. In a national account sense, it reflects the compensation of labour, capital, nonfinancial assets and natural resources used in the production as well as net indirect taxes, when relevant. The value added approach reflects the interconnection of economies and sectors as well as the increasing importance of trade in intermediate inputs that takes place among international supply and production chains. It provides insights on where the value added comes from and thus on the actual contribution of trade to economies. Trade in value added indicators are estimates based on Inter-Country Input-Output (ICIO) tables. ICIO tables cover both goods and services. They regroup national Input-Output tables and international trade statistics into a consistent framework to describe sale and purchase of goods and services between producers and consumers from various economies and industries. They enable to disentangle domestic and foreign value added in each economy and industry. Trade in value added estimates presented in this publication are sourced from the OECD-WTO “Trade in value added” (TiVA) database and the OECD ICIO table. The latter covers 57 economies plus a “rest of the world” aggregate. Industries are regrouped into 37 sectors and cover productive activities in the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors classified according to the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) Revision 4. 2.4.1 The decomposition of gross exports into their value added components The breakdown of conventional export data (gross) into their value added components allows showing Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 163 the role played by economies in global value chains. The domestic value added content of exports is composed of the following indicators: (i) The domestic value added, embodied either in final or intermediate goods/ services, directly consumed by the importing country. This represents a one-to-one country transfer of value added, with exported goods/ services crossing borders only once. and sectors for the production and trade of goods and services. 2.5 Other definitions and methods 2.5.1 Annual changes Throughout this report, average annual percentage changes are analogous to compound interest rates. In calculating the average annual rate of change (ii) The domestic value added contained between 2005 and 2012, for example, data for calendar year 2005 were in intermediates exported to a first country which re-exports them to a third taken as the starting point, and data for calendar year 2012 as the end point. country as embodied in others goods/ services. This indicator represents a 2.5.2 Prices one-to-many country transfer of value added, when exported goods/services Commodity price movements are cross borders more than once. This primarily described by indices largely illustrates the level of participation of an based on spot market prices, and economy within international production. therefore exclude transactions governed by longer-term contracts. Price indices (iii) The domestic value added of for such commodities as food, beverages, exported goods/services which is agricultural raw materials, minerals, eventually re-imported by the country non-ferrous metals, fertilizers and crude itself. Such a value added roundpetroleum are obtained from IMF Primary trip between two countries highlights Commodity Prices (July 2014 release). the domestic value added content Aggregates for all primary commodities present in a country’s imports. and for non-fuel primary commodities are calculated using IMF weights The foreign value added content of exports corresponds to the value added (Appendix table A25). Beginning with the first quarter of 2011, the crude oil of inputs that was imported in order to price index shown in Appendix table produce intermediate or final goods/ A36 is computed excluding West Texas services to be exported. It can also be Intermediate (WTI), which accounts for referred to as vertical specialization, one third of the IMF’s crude oil index. The when expressed in percentage. price of WTI became largely dislocated from international markets in early 2.4.2 The sectoral value 2011 and is thought not to represent added contributions well prices in international oil trade. For to gross exports more information, see Box Comm.1 of the World Bank’s Global Commodity Exports from a (domestic) industry Market Outlook, January 2012 (see page do not only contain value added 65 of the complete report on http:// produced within the same industry go.worldbank.org/WI8LCZ6PT0). but also value added sourced from other industries within the economy Export and import prices by commodity or from other economies. group of Germany, Japan and the United States are sourced from national The value added approach to estimate statistics. Aggregates are calculated by trade flows can describe both the weighting the countries’ price indices geographical and sectoral origin of the with the export and import values of value added contained in gross exports of any given industry. Table IV.3 presents the countries’ respective base year (Appendix tables A26 and A27). the value added origin (columns) of gross exports (rows) according to the domestic and foreign source and by 2.5.3 World merchandise main sector. This highlights the extent trade indices of the global value chains phenomenon The volume indices and the deflators and outlines the interconnection and (i.e. price indices or unit values) are taken related dependency across countries 164 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics from a range of different international and national sources. The reported deflators and volume indices may not always be available for the most recent years or may differ in product coverage from the corresponding value indices. Aggregation of the indices to obtain a world total is a two-tier process. First, export and import deflators from national and international sources are complemented with Secretariat estimates for missing data. They are then aggregated to obtain regional totals. The volume index for each region is obtained by dividing the respective trade value index for each region by the corresponding regional deflator. Second, the total world merchandise volume index is obtained by deflating the world trade value with the aggregate of regional deflators. Throughout the aggregation process trade values of the previous year are used as weights. 2.5.4 World production Production of agriculture (including hunting, forestry and fish), mining and manufacturing is defined according to major Categories A, B, C and D of the International Standard Industrial Classification of all Economic Activities Revision 3 (ISIC). World production in these sectors is estimated by combining production indices published by the FAO, OECD, UNIDO and UNSD. The world index is derived through aggregation of the three sectors by using value added shares in 2005 as weights. 2.5.5 World gross domestic product World GDP growth is estimated as a weighted average of individual economies’ real GDP growth. The weights used are shares of the economies’ previous year GDP at 2005 constant prices converted to dollars at market exchange rates. The use of official exchange rates which are not market-based for some major economies, together with the fluctuations of the United States dollar vis-à-vis major currencies, can have a significant impact on the weighting pattern. The increasing use of weights based on purchasing power parities (PPP) by other international organizations is meant to World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 attenuate “anomalies” linked to these factors. In a period of widely diverging growth rates among countries and regions, the choice of the weighting pattern can have a marked influence on the global growth estimate. For the 2000-2011 period, global growth estimates based on PPP-weights indicate a significantly faster growth than estimates using weights based on GDP data measured at market exchange rates. This is because of differences in the two weighting patterns. 2.5.6 Re-exports and re-imports Under the system of general trade adopted in this report, re-exports are included in total merchandise trade (see Section II.1). However, in the case of Hong Kong, China, the magnitude of its re-exports (amounting in 2014 to $508 billion), if included in regional or world aggregates, would adversely affect the analytical value of the statistics by introducing a significant element of double counting. Therefore, Hong Kong, China’s re-exports are excluded from the world and from Asia aggregates (unless otherwise indicated); only Hong Kong, China’s domestic exports and retained imports are included in the totals. For this reason, the figures for world exports and for exports of Asia shown in Appendix tables A2 and A12 are smaller than those in Appendix table A6. When retained imports are not published, an approximation is made on the basis of re-export values. 3. Specific notes for selected economies 3.1 Merchandise trade statistics of the European Union Beginning with the 2002 report, EU data compiled according to national statistical practices have been replaced, starting 1993, with data compiled by Eurostat in accordance with EU legislation. The concepts and definitions adopted by the EU are in line with the United Nations’ International Trade Statistics, Concepts and Definitions, Series M, N° 52, Revision 2. As a result, the conceptual differences between EU member states’ data have been substantially reduced. Moreover, for the EU as a whole, Eurostat data are more timely than the previous source, thus reducing substantially the amount of estimation included in the EU aggregate. Since January 1993, statistics on the trade between the member states of the EU have been collected through the “Intrastat” system (see GATT 1994, International Trade Trends and Statistics). The coverage of this system, which relies on reports submitted by firms for transactions above a minimum value, is not as wide as the previous one, which was based on customs declarations. This is particularly noticeable on the import side. For example, prior to the adoption of the Intrastat system, reported intra-EU China reports imports from China imports (c.i.f.) closely matched reported (re-imports), a trade flow which accounted for 7.4 per cent ($44.6 billion) intra-EU exports (f.o.b.). However, from 1993 onwards, the reported of its total merchandise imports in 2014. These imports consist of products value of intra-EU imports has been which have been produced in China and on average around 3 per cent lower than the value of intra-EU exports, thereafter temporarily exported. The indicating a substantial under-reporting product structure of China’s imports of intra-EU imports. As a result of from China indicates that in absolute this inconsistency, the Secretariat has terms office and telecom equipment substituted intra-EU exports data for is the largest category ($88.5 billion) intra-EU imports at the aggregate EU in this particular trade flow. The share level when estimating regional and of re-imports is particularly large in world totals. However, this adjustment the imports of telecommunications is not allocated between EU member equipment (48.7 per cent), EDP and countries. Hence, the sum of reported office equipment (39.5 per cent), imports of individual EU members does electrical machinery (26.1 per cent) not add to the figure for EU imports and in textiles (13.6 per cent). Further information on these imports is provided as a whole. This adjustment is also reflected in the volume estimates for in Box 2 of the International Trade the EU as a whole. Statistics 2005. World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 3.2 Major breaks in data continuity of merchandise trade Beginning 2003, Singapore includes merchandise trade with Indonesia. Beginning 2008, Indonesia’s imports are reported according to the general trade system. With respect to the Russian Federation, considerable uncertainty remains about the accuracy of foreign trade statistics, especially as regards imports. A large proportion of the reported data on imports consists of official estimates of inflows of goods which enter the economy without being registered by the customs authorities. Such adjustments to import data accounted for 6 per cent of the officially reported totals in 2012; 8 per cent of the officially reported totals in 2013. As of 2012, data for Switzerland includes trade in gold. Merchandise trade flows between the European Union member States include trade associated with fraudulent VAT declaration, which concerns mainly office and telecommunications equipment. Between 2006 and 2007, intra-EU merchandise trade statistics have been particularly affected by a considerable reduction in this fraudulent trade in the United Kingdom. 4. Statistical sources Most frequently used sources for statistics are: EUROSTAT, Comext and on-line databases FAO, FAOSTAT Agriculture database FAO, Production Yearbook GTIS, Global Trade Atlas database IMF, Balance of Payments Statistics IMF, International Financial Statistics IMF, World Economic Outlook database OECD, Main Economic Indicators OECD, Measuring Globalisation: The Role of Multinationals in OECD Economies OECD, Monthly Statistics of International Trade OECD, National Accounts OECD, Statistics on International Trade in Services OECD/IEA, Energy Prices & Taxes UNECE, Economic Survey of Europe Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics 165 UNECLAC, Overview of the Economies of Latin America and the Caribbean UNIDO, National Accounts Statistics Database UNSD, Comtrade database (for OECD members the UNSD-OECD Joint Trade Data Collection and Processing system) UNSD, International Trade Statistics Yearbook UNSD, Monthly Bulletin of Statistics UNSD, Servicetrade database World Bank, World Development Indicators These sources are supplemented by national publications and other international databases and Secretariat estimates. Figures for total merchandise trade are largely derived from IMF, International Financial Statistics. Data on merchandise trade by origin, destination and product are mainly obtained from Eurostat’s Comext database, the Global Trade Atlas and UNSD’s Comtrade database. Some 166 Download the data: www.wto.org/statistics inconsistencies in the aggregate export and import data for the same country or territory between sources are inevitable. These can be attributed to the use of different systems of recording trade, to the way in which for example IMF and UNSD have converted data expressed in national currencies into dollars, and revisions which can be more readily incorporated in the IMF data. Development Indicators, supplemented in some cases with statistics from the IMF World Economic Outlook database. Acknowledgements are due to the Food and Agriculture Organization, the International Monetary Fund, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the Statistical Office of the European Communities, the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, the United Nations Statistics Division, the United Nations Industrial Development Organization, the World Intellectual Property Organization and the World Bank whose assistance in supplying advance information has greatly facilitated the work of the Secretariat. Acknowledgements are also due to national institutions for providing advance statistics. Statistics on trade in commercial services are mainly drawn from the IMF Balance of Payments Statistics. Data for European Union members, EU candidate and EU observer countries as well as the EU(28) aggregate are drawn from Eurostat’s on-line database from 2004. For other economies that do not report to the IMF (e.g., Chinese Taipei) data are drawn from national sources. Estimations for missing data are mainly based on national statistics. Statistics on trade in commercial Closing date for merchandise trade services by origin and destination are also statistics (Customs basis) and commercial services (Balance of Payments basis) is derived from national statistics. 15 July 2015. For foreign affiliates trade in services statistics the closing date is GDP series in current dollars are mainly derived from the World Bank World 16 August 2015. World Trade Organization International Trade Statistics 2015 International Trade Statistics 2015 offers a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in world trade, covering trade in merchandise and commercial services as well as trade in global value chains. An overview section looks back over the past 20 years, using charts and maps to illustrate the most important trends. More detailed data are provided in a variety of tables covering various aspects of goods and services trade. International Trade Statistics 2015 serves as an invaluable reference tool for researchers, policy makers and anyone interested in international trade. World Trade Organization Centre William Rappard Rue de Lausanne 154 CH-1211 Geneva 21 Switzerland Tel. switchboard: +41 (0)22 739 51 11 Fax: +41 (0)22 731 42 06 email: enquiries@wto.org Website: www.wto.org World Trade Organization 154 rue de Lausanne CH-1211 Geneva 21 Switzerland Tel: +41 (0)22 739 51 11 Fax: +41 (0)22 731 42 06 www.wto.org WTO Publications Email: publications@wto.org WTO Online Bookshop http://onlinebookshop.wto.org Printed in Switzerland Published by the World Trade Organization © World Trade Organization 2015 ISBN 978-92-870-3988-0 Also available in French and Spanish Statistiques du commerce international 2015 – ISBN 978-92-870-3989-7 Estadísticas del comercio internacional 2015 – ISBN 978-92-870-3990-3 If you would like more information on this report or if you have any comments or suggestions for improvement please contact the International Trade Statistics Section (statistics@wto.org).