Elastic Dissipater-Zhigang Suo----力学研究所.pdf

中科院力学所/力学云论坛 advances in the mechanics of soft materials elastic dissipaters Zhigang Suo Harvard University 1 中科院力学所/力学云论坛 Soft material 1. Tissue 2 中科院力学所/力学云论坛 Soft material 2. Elastomer Polymer chain Crosslink Polymer network 3 中科院力学所/力学云论坛 Soft material 3. Hydrogel Polymer chain Crosslink Polymer network Solvent Solute Contact lens 1960s Superabsorbent diaper 1980s Artificial tissues 4 ongoing 中科院力学所/力学云论坛 Stretchable, transparent, ionic conductors Hydrogel ion + - water polymer Keplinger, Sun, Foo, Rothemund, Whitesides, Suo. Science 341, 984 (2013) 5 hydrogel ionotronics 中科院力学所/力学云论坛 ionic music (iTune) Science 2013 Advanced. Materials 2014 Sun, et al. Science 2016 electroluminescence Larson et al. Science 2016 ionic robot (iBot) ionic touchpad (iPad) Li, et al. Sci. Adv. 2016 artificial axon Advanced Materials 2016 EML 2015 AMI 2017 6 Yang, Suo. Nature Reviews Materials 2018 中科院力学所/力学云论坛 Electroluminescence of giant stretchability Yang, Suo. Advanced Materials 2016 中科院力学所/力学云论坛 Neurohydrogel Sheng, Wang, Kong, Xi, Yang, Wu, Wu, Li, Hu, Tang, Zhou, Duan Wang , Suo. Neural Interfaces by hydrogel. Extreme Mechanics Letters 2019. 8 中科院力学所/力学云论坛 ionoelastomer diodes and transistors Kim, Chen, Suo, Hayward. Science 2020 9 中科院力学所/力学云论坛 Glass is elastic but brittle. Metal is inelastic but tough. 10 中科院力学所/力学云论坛 elastic dissipater Wang, Xiang, Yao, Le Floch, Mendez, Suo, PNAS 2019 Xiang, Wang, Yang, Yao, Wang, Suo. Materials Today 2019 Liu, Yang, Yin, Wang, Qu, Suo, JMPS 2019 11 中科院力学所/力学云论坛 Toughness Griffith 1921 Lake-Thomas 1967 Irwin-Orowan 1940s Break a layer of bonds Toughness ~ 1 J/m2 Snap a layer of chains Toughness ~ 10-1000 J/m2 Dissipate energy in the bulk Toughness ~ 100-10000 J/m2 Yang, Suo. Nature Reviews Materials 2018 12 中科院力学所/力学云论坛 Irwin–Orowan toughness Inelasticity Hysteresis Toughness 13 中科院力学所/力学云论坛 Double-network gels Single-network gel Double-network gel Gong, Katsuyama, Kurokawa, Osada, Advanced Materials 15, 1155 (2003) 14 中科院力学所/力学云论坛 brittle + brittle = tough a b c Ca2+ Polyacrylamide gel 100 J/m2 Alginate gel Hybrid gel 10 J/m2 9000 J/m2 Plastic zone near the crack tip Highly stretchable and tough hydrogels 中科院力学所/力学云论坛 •Water: 90% •Stretch: 21 •Fracture energy: 9000 J/m2 ~10 J/m2, tofu, jello ~10 J/m2, most gels ~100 J/m2, contact lenses ~1000 J/m2, cartilage ~1000 J/m2, double network gels (Gong 2003) ~1000 J/m2, VHB ~10,000 J/m2, natural rubber Sun, Zhao, Illeperuma, Chaudhuri, Oh, Mooney, Vlassak, Suo. Nature 489, 133 (2012) 16 Crack extension / cycle, dc/dN 中科院力学所/力学云论坛 Threshold 0 1-500 J/m2 Toughness 10-10,000 J/m2 Energy release rate, G • Toughness of hydrogels has been extensively studied in last 17 years. • Threshold of hydrogels is a new game in last 3 years. Bai, Yang, Suo. Fatigue of hydrogel. European Journal of Mechanics A. Solids 2019 17 中科院力学所/力学云论坛 Hypothesis: an elastic network will not suffer fatigue This hypothesis is wrong! 18 Tang, Li, Vlassak, Suo. Extreme Mechanics Letters (2017) 中科院力学所/力学云论坛 Fatigue fracture of hydrogel Tang, Li, Vlassak, Suo. Extreme Mechanics Letters (2017) 19 中科院力学所/力学云论坛 A mechanism of fatigue in an elastic network Yang, Yin, Suo. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 2019 Yin, Yang, Suo. unpublished 20 Shakedown of tough gel 中科院力学所/力学云论坛 Bai, Yang, Tang, Morelle, Vlassak, Suo. Extreme Mechanics Letters (2017) 21 Alginate-polyacrylamide hydrogel 中科院力学所/力学云论坛 Tough for the first loading. But suffers fatigue fracture. Bai, Yang, Tang, Morelle, Vlassak, Suo, Extreme Mechanics Letters (2017) 22 中科院力学所/力学云论坛 Elastic dissipater stress Wf stretch Γ 0 = HW f Wang, Xiang, Yao, Le Floch, Mendez, Suo, PNAS 2019 Xiang, Wang, Yang, Yao, Wang, Suo, Materials Today 2019 23 中科院力学所/力学云论坛 Toughness and hysteresis ( ) Toughness = HW λc Hysteresis = WD /W 24 中科院力学所/力学云论坛 25 Wang, Xiang, Yao, Le Floch, Mendez, Suo. PNAS 2019 中科院力学所/力学云论坛 • Matrix: PAAm hydrogel • Fibers: PDMS elastomer Xiang, Wang, Yang, Yao, Wang, Suo. Materials Today 2019 26 中科院力学所/力学云论坛 Fatigue-resistant hydrogel-elastomer hybrid Xiang, Wang, Yang, Yao, Wang, Suo. Materials Today 2019 中科院力学所/力学云论坛 Hydrogel-elastomer ionic cable (artificial axon) Yang, Li, Yang, Pan, Yin, Tang, Qi, Suo. Advanced Functional Materials (2019) 28 中科院力学所/力学云论坛 Elastic dissipater of any architecture Li, Yang, Suo, Tang, JMPS 2019 29 Fatigue-resistant elastomer 中科院力学所/力学云论坛 Li, Yang, Suo, Tang, JMPS 2019 30 中科院力学所/力学云论坛 Stiffness-threshold conflict 1 E~ , n Γ0 ~ n Zhou, Zhang, Hu, Tang, Suo, Lu. JAM 2019 31 中科院力学所/力学云论坛 Remove the stiffness-threshold conflict Single network Double network 1 E~ , n 1 E~ , nA Γ0 ~ n Zhou, Zhang, Hu, Tang, Suo, Lu. JAM 2019 Γ 0 ~ nB 32 中科院力学所/力学云论坛 Zhou, Zhang, Hu, Tang, Suo, Lu. JAM 2019 33 中科院力学所/力学云论坛 Zhou, Zhang, Hu, Tang, Suo, Lu. JAM 2019 Ref [23] Zhang, Liu, Wang, Tang, Hu, Lu, Suo. Engineering Fracture Mechanics 2018 34 中科院力学所/力学云论坛 Weak hydrogel-metal adhesion Illeperuma, Sun, Suo, Vlassak. Extreme Mechanics Letters 2014 35 中科院力学所/力学云论坛 Weak hydrogel-elastomer adhesion Keplinger, Sun, Foo, Rothemund, Whitesides, Suo. Science 341, 984 (2013) (This video was unpublished) 36 中科院力学所/力学云论坛 Hydrogel often has weak adhesion Rose, Prevoteau, Elziere, Hourdet, Marcellan, Leibler. Nature 2014 37 中科院力学所/力学云论坛 Why is hydrogel adhesion often weak? It’s water. Yang, Suo. Nature Reviews Materials 3, 125 (2018) 38 中科院力学所/力学云论坛 Surface modification Yuk, Zhang, Lin, Parada, Zhao. Nature Materials 2016. 中科院力学所/力学云论坛 Tough adhesives for wound closure • Bridging polymers form amide bonds with tissue and hydrogel. • Weak bonds in the hydrogel dissipate energy. Li, Celiz, Yang, Yang, Wamala, Whyte, Vasilyev, Vlassk, Suo, Mooney. Science 2017 40 中科院力学所/力学云论坛 Hydrogel-tissue • Wound closure • Drug delivery Li, Celiz, Yang, Yang, Wamala, Whyte, Vasilyev, Vlassk, Suo, Mooney. Science 357, 378 (2017) 41 中科院力学所/力学云论坛 Tough adhesion suffers fatigue Ni, Chen, Li. Extreme Mechanics Letters 2020 42 中科院力学所/力学云论坛 Fatigue-resistant adhesion Zhang, Gao, Yang Suo, Lu. Submitted 43 中科院力学所/力学云论坛 Fatigue-resistant adhesion Zhang, Gao, Yang Suo, Lu. Submitted 44 中科院力学所/力学云论坛 Axon, natural and artificial hydrogel vin hydrophobic elastomer vout hydrogel Yang, Chen, Lu, Yang, Zhou, Chen, Suo. Extreme Mechanics Letters 3, 59 (2015) 45 中科院力学所/力学云论坛 Print hydrogels and elastomers in arbitrary sequence, with strong adhesion Yang, Li, Yang, Pan, Yin, Tang, Qi, Suo, submitted 46 中科院力学所/力学云论坛 Yang, Li, Yang, Pan, Yin, Tang, Qi, Suo, Advanced Functional Materials 2019 47 中科院力学所/力学云论坛 Summary Elastic dissipater has low hysteresis, high toughness, high threshold. Let us win the war on fatigue. https://suo.seas.harvard.eud/suo-publications Papers 421, 418, 417, 416, 398, 393 48