造山过程中大陆地壳的生长和演化-吴元保.pdf
造山过程中大陆地壳的生长和演化-吴元保.pdf
The earth external structure 0$, " 4 - 8' 732' .)1 / % (7 #!/6. 1915+7 &.5* 1910 Continent Drift (Alfred Wegener) Earth's mantle contained convection cells that dissipated radioactive hea t and moved the crust at the surface Arthur Holmes 1920s Harry Hammond Hess 1950s-1960s Bryan L. Isacks Donald Forsyth 1970s John Tuzo Wilson William Jason Morgan 1960s-1970s Uran cycle? Arctican cycle? Columbian cycle? Rodinian cycle Pangean cycle 8.0 4.0 0.0 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 Age (Ma) 1000 500 0 P robability ? Prokoph et al., 2004; Li and Zhong, 2009 #&%$) ,' . 2 1 / %( "4 + 0 - #*!53% Zheng et al., 2012 # Cogley, 1984 # ! Ø $ "% Ø . ' ) 70 SiO2 (wt%) 60 ,%) ! "# . +' ( 50 40 Bulk earth () 30 Fe-Ni Rudnick and Gao, 2014 20 - * & $ ) ( & Niu et al., 2013 *$" ) Arndt, 2013 & + # '%! & ! " Jahn et al., 2010 ! " Cartoon illustrating two contrasting styles for generation of contiental crust (Modified after Horodyskyj et al., 2007) (Cawood et al., 2009) Synopsis of how continental crust forms today, note rates of crustal destruction are more poorly constrained than crustal generation (Stern et al., 2002) (* % ) ( !( '& # ( " : ($ ) (Collins et al., 2011; Kemp et al., 2009) Ø70% (Jahn et al., 2010; Wu et al., 2004) Ø20% 2017) (Kroner et al., ! " # ! ! (Niu et al., 2013; Song et al., 2015) Cawood et al., 2012 (Spencer et al., 2017) Schematic illustrations of the lithological, seismic and density properties of the Kohistan and Talkeetna arc sections (Jagoutz and Kelemen, 2015) Continental crust–normalized trace element diagram of averaged volcanic and plutonic rocks from active arcs (Jagoutz and Kelemen, 2015) Generation of A- and I-type granitoids of the East Junggar from the lower and the upper oceanic crust with mixing of mafic magma (Liu et al., 2013) (Niu et al., 2013) The Architecture, Chemistry, and Evolution of Continental Magmatic Arcs (Ducea et al., 2015) $ $ # # Jones et al., 2015 "! # $- (Jones et al., 2015) !Tasmanides # " (Kemp et al., 2009) # Crustal growth from mafic magmatism underplating by zircon isotope compositions in granite (Kemp et al., 2007) Whole rock Nd and Zircon Hf isotopic values of granitic rocks from the Altai, Junggar and Chinese Tianshan segments (Tang et al., 2017) An increased contribution of intraplate magmatism, linked to an increased role of extensional tectonics (Tang et al., 2017) Lithospheric mantle Eclogite Mantle From Laubcher Lower Crustal foundering 3 3 Jagoutz et al., 2018 $ &%"Kohistan $ # ! (Jagoutz et al., 2018) "! Mafic migmatites (Garrido and others, 2006) or high pressure cumulates (Ringuette and others, 1999; Jagoutz and others, 2009) Compiled whole rock compositions from arc crustal sections: fractional crystallization or partial melting? (Jagoutz et al., 2018) Arndt and Goldstein, 1989 Age and Isotopic heterogeneity observed in primitive arc lavas and in an example arc batholith (Jagoutz et al., 2018) Herzberg et al., 1983 Field and schematic diagram to illustrate melt extraction, ascent, and emplacement along an active continental margin (Brown, 2013) Cenozoic granulite-facies gneiss from the Hidaka metamorphic belt, northern Japan (Hawkesworth et al., 2011) Histograms of metamorphic (a) and igneous (b) zircon U–Pb ages in the North Dabie zone (Wu et al., 2007) IzuTanzawa (Suzuki et al., 2015) Formation of Distinct Granitic Magma Batches by Partial Melting of Hybrid Lower Crust in the Izu Arc Collision Zone, Central Japan (Saito et al., 2007) Differentiation of the continental crust by relamination (Hacker et al., 2011)